Table 1.

Comparison of different ways of producing of methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA)

Reagents T, °C R, mPa Catalyst medium MAA yield, % Waste Link

Acetone, HCN, H2SO4 80−160 0.1 Water 80 NH4Hso4 [5]

Acetone, HCN (recycle), 40−150 0.1−5 MnO2 , CaO, NaY zeolite 80 (MMA) Spent catalyst [6, 7]
HCOOCH3 or CH3OH
(Mitsubishi Gas Chem.)

CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY
CH4, NH3, air, acetone, CH3OH Up to 1000 0.1 Pt-Rh, Pt-Ir 93 (MMA) CO, CO2 [8]

Vol. 13
Ethylene, CO, H2, CH2O, O2 150−350 Up to 30 Co2(CO)8, H3PMo12O40 Up to 82 CO2 [5, 10–15]

No. 2
Ethylene, CO, H2O, CH2O 250−320 10−30 Ni (CO)4, Cs2CO3–SiO2–SnO2 30–40 Unsaturated ketones [16–18]

2021
Propylene, CO, H2O, O2 Up to 400 14−20 HF, BF3, H3PMo12O40 60–78 CO2 [5, 19, 20]

Isobutylene, air, H2O 350−450 0.1 Mo-containing catalyst com- 65–70 CO, CO2 [13–15, 28–32]
plex, H3PMo12O40

Isobutylene, NH3, air, H2SOfour 420−450 0.1 Oxides Mo, Bi, Fe, Sb 70 CH3CN, HCN, [33–36]
CO, CO2

Isobutane, air 370 0.1 HxFe0.12PVAs0.3Mo11Oy 17 in 1 pass Methacrolein, [39]

CO, CO2, CH3COOH
PRODUCTION OF METHACRYLIC ACID AND METACRYLATES

Methylacetylene, CO, CH3OH 45−110 2−6 N-methylpyrrolidone, Pd com- Up to 99 Methyl crotonate [21–27]
plexes

2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, O2 250 0.1 Cs, V, Cu containing HPA 24 CO, CO2 [40]

Glucose via Itaconic Acid 190 0.1 Microorganisms, caustic soda 30–40 CO2 [45–51]
129