BASKETBALL

INVESTIGATORY REPORT
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INDEX

INTRODUCTION

HISTORY

RULES & REGULATIONS

EQUIPMENTS

SKILLS & TECHNIQUES

COMMON INJURIES

FAMOUS PLAYERS

AWARDS

TOP TEAMS
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INTRODUCTION
Basketball is a fast-paced and exciting team sport that is played by and admired by many people
around the world. It is played with two teams of five players each, which have the same objective of
scoring more than their opponent. Basketball is known for its high-flying dunks, impressive passing,
quick footwork, and also strategies and tactics made by the teams to outsmart their opponents. The
game has a combination of physical skill, mental toughness, and teamwork which makes it a thrilling
and challenging sport to play and watch. With its rich history, passionate fanbase, and dynamic
gameplay, basketball has become a global phenomenon and one of the most popular sports in the
world.

HISTORY

CREATION

J ames Naismith is a Canadian professor of physical education and instructor who was trying

to keep his gym class active on a rainy day of December 1891.

He wanted a vigorous indoor sport which would keep his
students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the
long winters of New England. After a lot of scrapping of too
rough or poorly suited ideas, he finally invented a game which
involved passing a ball to a player to another and try to score
points by tossing a ball into a basket mounted on a wall.
Originally basketball was played with a soccer ball. The round
balls were made by the Association Football which had laces
to close the hole which had the inflatable bladder inside.
These laces made the dribbling and bounce passes
unpredictable. The players were playing basketball with the
peach baskets until in 1906 they finally made metal hoops and backboards. Dribbling was
common by 1896 and the double dribble rule was made in 1898. In 1892 one of his players
named Frank Mahan came up to Naismith and asked him what the name of the sport was to
which he replied he hadn’t decided on it yet. Mahan suggested “Naismith’s ball”, at which
Naismith laughed, saying a name like that will kill any game. Mahan then said “Why not call it
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Basketball?” to which Naismith replied “We have a basket and a ball, and it seems to me that
would be a good name for it."

BASKETBALL ACROSS THE WORLD

The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium in Albany, New York, on January
20, 1892, with nine players. After that the game was well spread to YMCA’s in the United
States, and it quickly spread through the United States and Canada. By 1895, it was well
established in the women’s high schools. The NBA (National Basketball Association) was
formed on June 6, 1946, in New York City. The founding members were the Boston Celtics,
Chicago Stags, Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, New York Knickerbockers, Philadelphia
Warriors, Pittsburgh Ironmen, and Providence Steamrollers. After the formation, the NBA
continued to expand, adding new teams over the years. The NBA featured a lot of famous
players like Kobe Brayant, Shaquille O’Neal, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the actual highest
professional game popularity was during the 1980s and 1990s: Larry Bird, Earvin “Magic”
Johnson, and Micheal Jordan. FIBA (International Basketball Association) was formed in 1932
by eight founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania
and Switzerland. In 1989, FIBA allowed professional NBA players to participate in the Olympics
for the first time. The United States dominated the Olympics with their introduction of the
original Dream Team.

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL
Women’s basketball began 1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson modified Naismith’s
rules for women. Women’s Basketball continued to develop and was more structured than that
for men in the early years. In 1926, the Amatuer Athletic Union had the first national women’s
basketball championship, complete with men’s rules. The game was mainly focused on men
until the 1970’s where women's basketball was created which encouraged other women to play
the game and be enjoyed by everyone. The NBA created the Women’s National Basketball
Association(WNBA) in 1997. Though it had a shaky attendance figures, several players like
Diana Taurasi, and Candance Parker who have helped the league’s popularity and level of
competition.
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RULES & REGULATIONS

Basketball is a game where there are mainly 2 teams of 5 players, each team trying to shoot into the
defender’s hoop on a rectangular court. A shot made from the field goal is worth 2 points and a shot
made from the three pointer line is worth 3 points. After a foul is called the timer stops and the player
who was fouled gets 2 shots from the freethrow line which is worth 1 point each shot. At the end of the
game the team that has the most number of points is the winner. If the game is tied there is extra time
given called overtime.

Every team can have 10 players where all the players will be given a chance to play on the court. There
are 5 players on the court and the rest are counted as substitutes. There are various dribbling and
passing techniques that the players use to get the ball to the defender’s hoop. For the offense there are
variety of shots that can be used like layup(holding the ball for 2 and half steps and shooting the ball
to the hoop), jump shot or a dunk(jumping up to the hoop and shoving the ball into the hoop with one
or both hands); defense, they may steal the ball from the dribbler, blocks the shots of the opposite
team or take a rebound(when opposite team shoots the ball hits the rim or the backboard which
doesn’t go inside the hoop and the defender grabs the ball directly without hitting the ground) of the
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opposite team’s shot. It is a violation if you move the pivot leg or move your whole body without
dribbling first.

VIOLATIONS
There are certain types of actions that are unfair and are a disadvantage for the opponent is called a
Violation. There are various vilations in the game which are:-

1. Double Dribble: when a player dribbles the ball with both his hands simultaneously, stops
dribbling, and then dribbles the ball again with one hand or when a player dribbles the ball,
picks it up, and then dribbles it again. Once a player has stopped the ball, they can’t start
dribbling again, unless they have been passed or shot the ball or it has been touched by
another player. It is the most common foul in the game.
2. Hand Tap: hand tap refers to a move where a player taps the basketball with one hand to
another player, usually as a way to initiate a play or to pass the ball quickly. A hand tap can be
used in a variety of situations, such as during a fast break, to rest the offense or to set up a
play.
3. Traveling or walking: It occurs when a player takes more than one step without dribbling the
ball or moves their pivot foot(there should be one leg set in the exact spot when you stop
dribbling the ball). To avoid this violation, players work on their footwork and practice their
moves with the ball often.
4. Charging : It occurs when the offensive team runs into a stationary defensive player who has
established their position on the court. When the charge occurs the offensive player is called
for the foul and the defensive team gains possession of the ball. To avoid this foul the players
should be aware of their surroundings and work on their positioning.

FOULS
When a player makes illegal contact with an opposing player, the team disrupts the flow of the game,
or the rules are not followed is called Foul. There are various fouls:-

1. Flagrant foul: This foul is committed when the player goes through excessive force and can
result in injury. Flagrant fouls can result in ejection from the game, and the opposing team
may be awarded free throws and possession of the ball.
2. Technical foul: This foul is committed when the player shows non-sportsman-like behavior,
such as arguing with the referee, using abusive language, or intentionally delaying the game.
3. Personal Foul: that is committed against an opposing player, such as pushing, holding, or
hitting them.
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4. Team foul: This foul is committed by a team and occurs when a team commits a certain
number of fouls in a given period of time.

EQUIPMENTS

The essential equipment needed for the game is the ball and the court: a flat rectangular surface with
baskets at opposite ends. The baskets are supposed to be placed 10 feet above the ground. This height
is standard across all the levels of the game. The basket consists of the net, ring, and backboard. The
backboard has a white outlined box which is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide. The box is just above the
ring. The size of the ball for men is size 7 which is 29.5 inches or 75 cm in circumference and weighs
620 g. For women it’s a size 6 which is 28.5 inches or 72 cm in circumference and weighs 570 g.

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