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Introduction

ARC 308
Theory of Design of Structures III

Design of Short
Braced Columns –
BS 8110

Part 1
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Introduction – Load Transfer Loads on Columns

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5 Githuku CR 6 Githuku CR

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Famous Shapes of Reinforcement Details

Columns

Square or rectangular ties placed

horizontally around a minimum of four
longitudinal steel bars or a continuous
circular spiral wire wrapped around a
minimum of six longitudinal bars.
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Reinforcement Details Reinforcement Details

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Reinforcement Details Reinforcement Details

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Reinforcement Details Classification of Columns

 Columns are divided into:

 Braced columns for which all horizontal loads are

carried by shear walls, elevator and stair well shafts,
diagonal bracing or a combination of these. In
braced columns, lateral bracing are provided which
prevent relative lateral movement of the two ends of
a column.

 Unbraced columns for which horizontal loads are

carried by columns as part of the framed structure.

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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

 Columns may also be divided into two broad
categories:
 Short columns for which the strength is governed by
the strength of the materials and the geometry of the
cross section
 Slender columns for which the strength may be
significantly reduced by lateral deflections.

 Most columns in ordinary practice can be considered

as short columns.
 Clause 3.8.1.3 of BS 8110 classifies a column as being
short if
𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑦
Githuku CR Githuku CR
< 15 and < 15
19 20 ℎ b

Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

Where:  Columns are also divided into:
𝑙𝑒𝑥 is the effective height of the column in respect of
the major axis (i.e. 𝑥– 𝑥 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)
𝑙𝑒𝑦 is the effective height of the column in respect of
the minor axis (i.e. 𝑦– 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)
b is the width of the column cross-section
h is the depth of the column cross-section

 It should be noted that the above definition applies

only to columns which are braced, rather than un-
braced.

 Only short
Githuku CR columns will be discussed in this topic. Githuku CR
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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

 End condition 1 signifies that the column end is fully
restrained.

 End condition 2 signifies that the column end is partially

restrained

 End condition 3 signifies that the column end is

nominally restrained.

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Classification of Columns Classification of Columns

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Classification of Columns
Failure Modes of Columns

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Failure Modes of Columns Failure Modes of Columns

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