Energy Conservation and Management

EE-315

Dr. Muhammad Sarfraz Akram

Assistant Professor
Institute of Energy & Environmental Engineering
University of the Punjab
Email: msakram.ieee@pu.edu.pk
 Energy Conservation in Power Production
• In a Brayton cycle operating as gas turbine engine, the
temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine T4 is often
higher than the temperature of the gas leaving the compressor
T2 as seen in Fig.
• Therefore, the gas leaving the compressor can be heated in a
regenerator by the hot exhaust gases.
• Regenerator is a counterflow heat exchanger, which is in
some cases also known as recuperator, and recovers waste
heat.
• The thermal efficiency of the Brayton cycle increases as a
result of regeneration because the portion of energy of the
exhaust gases is used to preheat the gas entering to the
combustion chamber.
• Thus, in turn, regeneration can reduce the fuel input required
for the same network output from the cycle. The addition of a
regenerator (operating without thermal losses) does not affect
the network output of the cycle.
• A regenerator with higher effectiveness will conserve more
fuel.
 Energy Conservation in Power Production
The effectiveness ε of the regenerator operating under adiabatic
conditions is defined by

The regeneration is possible only when T4 ≫ T2.

The effectiveness of most regenerators used in practical engine
operations is below 0.85.
Under the cold-air standard temperature assumptions, thermal
efficiency of an ideal Brayton cycle with regeneration depends
on the ratio of minimum to maximum temperatures and the
pressure ratio, and estimated by
Energy Conservation in Power Production
 Energy Conservation in Power Production
Assignments

Problem 9.1 – 9.8 (Brayton cycle)

Energy Production, Conversion, Storage, Conservation, and Coupling
Author: Yaşar Demirel
 Energy Conservation and Recovery
• Energy conservation mainly refers to reducing energy consumption and increasing
efficiency in energy usage.
• Energy recovery also may be a part of energy conservation through captured and hence
reduced waste energy.
• Energy conservation is an important part of controlling climate change by reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
• Energy conservation facilitates the replacement of nonrenewable resources with renewable
energy and is often the most economical solution to energy shortages.
• Energy conservation may lead to increased security, financial gain, and environmental
protection. For example, electric motors consume a considerable amount of electrical
energy and operate at efficiencies between 70 and 90 %. Therefore, using an electric motor
operating with higher efficiency will conserve energy throughout its useful life.
• Energy recovery leads to reducing the energy input by reducing the overall waste energy
from a system. For example, a waste energy, mainly in the form sensible or latent heat, from
a subsystem may be usable in another part of the same system. Therefore, energy recovery
may be a part of energy conservation.
 Energy Conservation and Recovery
• There is a large potential for energy recovery in industries and utilities leading to reduced
use of fossil fuels and hence greenhouse gas emission.
• Hot water from processes such as power plants and steel mills may be used for heating of
homes and offices in the nearby area. Energy conservation through insulation or improved
buildings may also help. Low temperature heat recovery would be more effective for a short
distance from producer to consumer.
• Regenerative brake is used in electric cars and trains, where the part of kinetic energy is
recovered and stored as chemical energy in a battery.