Course Code: EEE 2104

Course Title: Electronics Lab II

Experiment No: 02
Experiment Name: Design And Study Of An Inverting Difference Amplifier Using 741
Op-Amp.
Submitted To: Md. Shahjalal
Submitted By: Fardin Chowdhury
ID: 221016014
Group: 5

OBJECTIVE: To design and study of an inverting difference amplifier using 741 op-amp.

THEORY: Operational amplifiers have two inputs, inverting and no-inverting. We can also
connect signals to both of these inputs at the same time producing another common type of
operational amplifier circuit called a Differential Amplifier.
Basically, all op-amps are “Differential Amplifiers” due to their input configuration. But by
connecting one voltage signal onto one input terminal and another voltage signal onto the other
input terminal the resultant output voltage will be proportional to the “Difference” between
the two input voltage signals of V1 and V2.
Then differential amplifiers amplify the difference between two voltages making this type of
operational amplifier circuit a Subtractor unlike a summing amplifier which adds or sums
together the input voltages. This type of operational amplifier circuit is commonly known as a
Differential Amplifier configuration and is shown below:

Figure 1
APPARATUS:
1. Breadboard
2. IC-741
3. Resistor
4. One Dual 12V DC Power Supply
5. Two Variable DC Power Supply
6. Multimeter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Build the circuit on a breadboard as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Use dual 12V DC power supply for bias voltage at terminal 7 for +12V and terminal 4
for -12V, connect ground with R4 2nd terminal.
3. Use two variable power supply, +VDC for input V1 and V2. Connect -VDC with R4 2nd
terminal as common ground.
4. Connect multimeter as voltmeter, positive wire with op-amp terminal 6 and negative
terminal with common ground.
5. Vary both input power supply for output value, which will be shown on multimeter.
6. Record the input and output value in a tabular form.

EXPERIMANTAL DATA:
Obs. Theoretical Practical
V1 V2 R1 R2 R3 R4
No V0 V0
1 1 2 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω 1 1.1
2 3 4 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω 1 1.2
3 5 2 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω 2K Ω -3 -1.9

CALCULATION:
For Observation 1,
𝑅4 𝑅2 𝑅2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + ) 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑅3 + 𝑅4 𝑅1 𝑅1
2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + )×2− 1
2000 + 2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1
1 − 1.1
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = × 100%
1
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = 10%
For Observation 2,
𝑅4 𝑅2 𝑅2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + ) 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑅3 + 𝑅4 𝑅1 𝑅1
2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + )×4− 3
2000 + 2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 1
1 − 1.2
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = × 100%
1
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = 20%
For Observation 3,
𝑅4 𝑅2 𝑅2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + ) 𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝑅3 + 𝑅4 𝑅1 𝑅1
2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (1 + )×2− 5
2000 + 2000 2000 2000
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −3
3 − 1.9
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = × 100%
3
𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓% = 36.67%

DISCUSSION: In this experiment we had to study of an inverting difference amplifier using

741 Op-Amp. For farther study, first we build the circuit on a breadboard. Then we applied
bias voltage from a dual DC power supply, which positive +12V was connected to pin 7 and
-12V was connected to pin 4, then we connected ground with R4 2nd terminal. For input signal
we used two variable power supply, which positive terminals were connected to input resistor
of pin 2 and pin 3. Then we connected both negative terminals to common ground as other
ground. Then we did three observation by changing the value of V 1 and V2. In our last
experiment, voltage signal was directly applied to the Op-amp, for that op-amp sum the
operation. In this experiment we introduced a resistor in both input pins, for that Op-amp
consumed current. When we change the input voltage, current consumption changes
proportionally with voltage.

In this experiment Op-Amp calculate the difference between Non-Inverting and Inverting
input values by subtracting (Non-InvertingV2-InvertingV1) signals. By analyzing the table
data, we can ensure Op-Amp operation. We also found some percentage of error because we
failed to stable the voltage from variable power supply.