Clinical Indications
medially, and the angle of the arch is
Chondromalacia Patellae or
Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome
(Runner’s Knee) --- involves a
softening of the cartilage under the
patella, which results in wearing a
way of this cartilage, causing pain
and tenderness in this area. Cyclists
and runners are vulnerable to this
condition
. Gout ---is a form of arthritis that
may be hereditary in which uric acid
appears in excessive quantities in
the blood and may be deposited in
the joints and other tissues; common
initial attacks occur in the first MTP
joint of the foot.
Lisfranc Injury --- Athletes often
may acquire a Lisfranc injury that is
due to high stress placed on the
midfoot. Lisfranc joint injuries range
from sprains to fracture dislocations
of the bases of the first and second
metatarsals. A moderate sprain of
the Lisfranc ligament is characterized
by an abnormal separation between
the first and second metatarsals. A
small avulsion fracture may indicate
a more severe injury. Lisfranc joint
injuries may be missed if weight-
bearing AP and lateral foot
projections are not performed.
Clubfoot or Talipes Equinovarus
--- An inherited deformity in which
the foot is twisted inferiorly and
increased. Occurs in 1 of every 1000
births.
Genu Valgum (knock-knee)
--- A deformity in which the knees
are abnormally close together and
the space between the ankles is
increased due to a lateral angulation
of the tibia in relation to the femur.
Genu Varum (Bowleg)
--- A deformity in which the knees
are abnormally separated, there is a
medial angulation of the tibia in
relation to the femur, and the lower
limbs are bowed laterally
Hallux Valgus (Bunion) ---
Angulation of the great toe away
from the midline of the body,
typically caused by wearing tightly
fitting shoes. When the great toe
angles toward the next toe, there is
a bony protrusion at the base of the
great toe.
Flatfoot / Pes Planus (Fallen
Arches)
–- is caused by weakened ligaments
and tendons that supports the bones
of the arches. the causes of which
include excessive weight, postural
abnormalities, weakened supporting
tissues, and genetic predisposition.
Clawfoot / Pes Cavus
--- is a condition in which the medial
longitudinal arch is abnormally
elevated. It is often caused by
muscle deformities
Osgood-Schlatter Disease /
Apophysitis of the Tibial
Tubercle, or Lannelongue's
disease
--- which involves inflammation of
the bone and cartilage of the anterior
proximal tibia, is most common in
boys 10 to 15 years old. The cause is
believed to be an injury that occurs
when the large patellar tendon
detaches part of the tibial tuberosity
to which it is attached.
Dislocation - (Luxation)
--- occurs when the bone is
displaced from a joint, or when the
articular contact of bones that make
up a joint is completely lost.
Fracture
--- is a break in the structure of bone
caused by a force (direct or indirect).
Different Types of Lower Limb
Fractures
Avulsion fracture of the 5 th
metatarsal styloid,
--also known as a Pseudo-Jones
fracture.
March fracture / Fatigue fracture
/ Stress fracture
-- is the fracture of the distal third
of one of the metatarsals usually the
2 nd metatarsal, occurring because
of recurrent stress.
Jones fractures
-- occuring at the base of the 5th
metatarsal.
Calcaneal fractures –
-- the calcaneus is the most
commonly fractured tarsal bone.
Lover fracture / Don Juan
fracture
- is a type of calcaneal fracture.
--- The name lover fracture is
derived from the fact that a suitor
may jump from great heights while
trying to escape from the lover's
spouse .
Pott's fracture / Dupuytren
fracture
-- - (not to be confused with Pott's
disease), is an archaic term loosely
applied to a variety of bimalleolar
ankle fractures. Fracture of the distal
end of the lateral leg bone (fibula),
with serious injury of the distal tibial
articulation.
Trimalleolar fracture
-- - is a fracture of the ankle that
involves the (1) lateral malleolus,
the (2) medial malleolus, and the (3)
distal posterior aspect of the tibia,
which can be termed the posterior
malleolus. The trauma is sometimes
accompanied by ligament damage
and dislocation.
Patellar fracture
--- fracture of the patella.
Tibial Plateau fracture
-- - is a bone fracture or break in the
continuity of the bone occurring in
the proximal part of the tibia or
shinbone called the tibial plateau,
affecting the knee joint’s stability
and motion