ASANSOL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT – POLYTECHNIC

ASANSOL
Pre Test:
Q1.What is M2M Protocol?
MAIN BODY: M2M or Machine to Machine is a direct communication system between devices using wired or wireless
communication channel without any human interaction. It collects data and share it with other connected devices. M2M
uses a device such as Sensor, RFID, Meter etc. The example of M2M is controlling devices like fans, bulbs using
Bluetooth from smart phone. M2M is non IP protocol.

M2M protocols are well-defined architecture consisting of communication parameters and paradigm to exchange the data
or information over the network. Each protocol defines the packet size, rules of communication, security over a network,
communication requirements and other properties of the M2M network so that it will help to connect low powered, lossy
devices to the world of the Internet. The structured communication scenario with system tools and processing devices at
the various level of communication in IoT comprising M2M concept is well shown in the below figure.

Protocol Classification
There are three major groups of protocols used for M2M communication:
 Service-oriented Architectures (SOA) are used in industrial automation systems to exchange soft real-time data for
instance between programmable logic controllers and supervisory, control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems.
 Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture style which defines constraints to the used components,
connectors, and data elements.
 Message Oriented Protocols supports the asynchronous data transfer between the distributed system.

M2M System Architecture:

1. M2M Area Networks

2. Communication Networks
3. Application Domains
4. M2M Gateways

1
 1. M2M Area Networks:

 M2M network area consists of machines or M2M nodes which communicate with each other. The M2M nodes
embedded with hardware modules such as Sensor, Actuators and other communication devices
 M2M uses communication protocols such as Zigbee, Bluetooth, PLC(Power Line Communication)etc.
 M2M nodes communicate with one network .It can’t communicate with external network node.

2. M2M Gateway:

 The gateway module provide control and localization services for data collection
 M2M communication network serves infrastructure for realizing communication between M2M
gateway and M2 end user application or server.
 To ensure communication between remote M2M area networks,

3. Communication Networks: The communication provides the connectivity between M2M nodes and
M2M applications.
4. Application Domain: It contains the middleware layer where data goes through various application
services and is used by the specific business processing engines.

M2M Requirements: According to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), requirements of
an M2M system include:

 Scalability - The M2M system should be able to continue to function efficiently as more connected objects are
added.
 Anonymity - The M2M system must be able to hide the identity of an M2M device when requested, subject to
regulatory requirements.
 Logging - M2M systems must support the recording of important events, such as failed installation attempts,
service not operating or the occurrence of faulty information. The logs should be available by request.
 M2M application communication principles - M2M systems should enable communication between M2M
applications in the network and the M2M device or gateway using communication techniques, such as short
message service (SMS) and IP Connected devices should also be able to communicate with each other in a peer-to-
peer (P2P) manner.
 Delivery methods - The M2M system should support Unicast, anycast, multicast and broadcast communication
modes, with broadcast being replaced by multicast or anycast whenever possible to minimize the load on the
communication network.
 Message transmission scheduling - M2M systems must be able to control network access and messaging
schedules and should be conscious of M2M applications' scheduling delay tolerance.
 Message communication path selection - Optimization of the message communication paths within an M2M
system must be possible and based on policies like transmission failures, delays when other paths exist and
network costs.


2
Key features of M2M: Key features of M2M technology include,

 Low power consumption, in an effort to improve the system's ability to effectively service M2Mapplications.
 A Network operator that provides packet-switched service
 Monitoring abilities that provide functionality to detect events.
 Time tolerance, meaning data transfers can be delayed.
 Time control, meaning data can only be sent or received at specific predetermined periods.
 Location specific triggers that alert or wake up devices when they enter particular areas.
 The ability to continually send and receive small amounts of data.

Difference between IoT and M2M :

Basis of IoT M2M

Abbreviation Internet of Things Machine to Machine

Devices have objects that are responsible for Some degree of intelligence is observed in
Intelligence
decision making this.

Connection type The connection is via Network and using various

The connection is a point to point
used communication types.

Communication Internet protocols are used such as HTTP, FTP, Traditional protocols and communication
protocol used and Telnet. technology techniques are used

Data is shared between other applications that are Data is shared with only the
Data Sharing used to improve the end-user experience. communicating parties.

Internet Internet connection is required for communication Devices are not dependent on the Internet.

Type of
It supports cloud communication It supports point-to-point communication.
Communication

Computer Involves the usage of both Hardware and

Mostly hardware-based technology
System Software.

Scope A large number of devices yet scope is large. Limited Scope for devices.

Business Type Business 2 Business(B2B) and Business 2

Business 2 Business (B2B)
used Consumer(B2C)

Approach used Horizontal enabler approach Vertical system solution approach .

Devices/sensors, connectivity, data processing, Device, area networks, gateway,

Components user interface Application server.

Examples Smart wearables, Big Data and Cloud, etc. Sensors, Data and Information, etc.

3
 SUM UP

M2M or Machine to Machine is a direct communication system between devices using wired or wireless
communication channel without any human interaction. It collects data and share it with other connected devices.
M2M uses a device such as Sensor, RFID, Meter etc. The example of M2M is controlling devices like fans, bulbs
using Bluetooth from smart phone. M2M is non IP protocol.
Protocol Classification
There are three major groups of protocols used for M2M communication:
 Service-oriented Architectures (SOA)
 Representational State Transfer (REST)
 Message Oriented Protocols

M2M System Architecture:

1. M2M Area Networks

2. Communication Networks
3. Application Domains
4. M2M Gateways

Key features of M2M:,

 Low power consumption, in an effort to improve the system's ability to effectively service M2Mapplications.
 A Network operator that provides packet-switched service
 Monitoring abilities that provide functionality to detect events.
 Time tolerance, meaning data transfers can be delayed.
 Time control, meaning data can only be sent or received at specific predetermined periods.
 Location specific triggers that alert or wake up devices when they enter particular areas.
 The ability to continually send and receive small amounts of data.