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Solutions To Concepts: Steel Cu Steel Cu G Cu Cu G Cu ST ST ST Cu Cu ST ST Cu Cu Cu ST Cu ST
Solutions To Concepts: Steel Cu Steel Cu G Cu Cu G Cu ST ST ST Cu Cu ST ST Cu Cu Cu ST Cu ST
CHAPTER 14
1. F = mg
F
Stress =
A
L
Strain =
L
FL L F
Y=
AL L YA
2. = stress = mg/A
e = strain = /Y
Compression L = eL
F L FL
3. y= L
A L AY
4. Lsteel = Lcu and Asteel = Acu
Stress of cu Fcu A g F
a) = cu 1
Stress of st A cu Fg Fst
Lst FstL st A cu Ycu
b) Strain = ( Lcu = Ist ; Acu = Ast)
lcu A st Yst FcuIcu
L F
5.
L st AYst
L F
L cu AYcu
strain steel wire F AYcu Y
( A cu A st ) cu
Strain om copper wire AYst F Yst
T1 m g g
6. Stress in lower rod = 1 w = 14 kg
A1 A1
T2 m g m1g wg
Stress in upper rod = 2 w = .18 kg
Au Au
For same stress, the max load that can be put is 14 kg. If the load is increased the lower wire will break
first.
T1 m1g g 8
= 8 10 w = 14 kg
A1 A1
T2 m g m1g g
2 = 8 108 0 = 2 kg
Au Au
The maximum load that can be put is 2 kg. Upper wire will break first if load is increased.
F L
7. Y
A L
F L YA L
8. Y F
A L L
9. m2g – T = m2a …(1)
and T – F = m1a …(2)
m gF
a= 2
m1 m2
14.1
Chapter-14
m2 g
From equation (1) and (2), we get
2(m1 m2 )
Again, T = F + m1a
m2 g m2 g m2 g 2m1m2g
T m1 2
2 2(m1 m2 ) 2(m1 m2 ) a
T
FL L F F m1
Now Y = T a
A L L AY
L (m22 2m1m2 )g m2 g(m2 2m1 ) m2
m2g
L 2(m1 m2 )AY 2AY(m1 m2 )
10. At equilibrium T = mg
When it moves to an angle , and released, the tension the T at lowest point is
mv 2
T = mg +
r
mv 2
The change in tension is due to centrifugal force T = …(1)
r
Again, by work energy principle,
1
mv 2 – 0 = mgr(1 – cos)
2
v2 = 2gr (1 – cos) …(2)
m[2gr(1 cos )]
So, T 2mg(1 cos )
r
F = T
YA L YA L
F= = 2mg – 2mg cos 2mg cos = 2mg –
L L
YA L
= cos = 1 –
L(2mg)
1/ 2
x x x2
11. From figure cos = = 1 2
x 2 l2l l
=x/l … (1)
Increase in length L = (AC + CB) – AB l l
A B
Here, AC = (l2 + x2)1/2 Tx
2 2 1/2 T T
So, L = 2(l + x ) – 100 …(2) L
L
F l C
Y= …(3) mg
A l
From equation (1), (2) and (3) and the freebody diagram,
2l cos = mg.
FL L F
12. Y =
AL L Ay
D / D D L
=
L / L D L
A 2r
Again,
A r
2r
A
r
14.2
Chapter-14
Pv v
13. B = P = B
v v
m m
14. 0
V0 Vd
d V0
so, …(1)
0 Vd
V0 Vd
vol.strain =
V0
0 gh V gh
B= 1– d = 0
(V0 Vd ) / V0 V0 B
vD 0 gh
1 …(2)
v0 B
Putting value of (2) in equation (1), we get
d 1 1
d 0
0 1 0 gh / B (1 0 gh / B)
F
15.
A
Lateral displacement = l.
16. F=Tl
2THg 4Tg 2Tg
17. a) P b) P c) P
r r r
18. a) F = P0A
b) Pressure = P0 + (2T/r)
F = PA = (P0 + (2T/r)A
c) P = 2T/r
2T
F = PA = A
r
2T cos 2T cos 2T cos
19. a) hA b) hB c) hC
rA g rB g rC g
2THg cos Hg
20. hHg
rHgg
2T cos
h where, the symbols have their usual meanings.
r g
h T Hg cos
hHg THg cos Hg
2T cos
21. h
rg
2T
22. P =
r
P = F/r
23. A = r2
4 3 4 3
24. R r 8
3 3
r = R/2 = 2
Increase in surface energy = TA – TA
14.3
Chapter-14
2T cos 2T cos
25. h = , h =
rg rg
hrg
cos =
2T
–1
So, = cos (1/2) = 60°.
2T cos
26. a) h =
rg
2
b) T 2r cos = r h g
hrg
cos =
2T
–3
27. T(2l) = [1 (10 ) h]g
2
28. Surface area = 4r
29. The length of small element = r d
dF = T r d
considering symmetric elements,
dFy = 2T rd . sin [dFx = 0]
/2
14.4