JEFRY EBIO ARANSADO

jefry.aransado@bipsu.edu.ph
BILIRAN PROVINCE STATE UNIVERSITY
School of Teacher Education
Analytical Ability (Professional Level Only)
 Word Association
 Identifying Assumptions and Conclusions
 Logic
 Number Sequences
 Data Interpretation
Analytical Ability Review Tips and Tricks

Familiarize yourself with the common ways of

relating words in Word Association questions.

Sometimes we can easily see the relationship between

the given words (e.g., big : large, small : tiny. It is
obvious that the pairs of words are synonyms).
Most of the time, however, it is difficult to determine how the words are
related. Thus, it is important to get familiar with some ways in which pairs of
words are related.

Examples of these relationships are:

• Antonyms (opaque : clear, fancy : simple).
• Unit of measure used
(length : meters , electric current : amperes)
• Category (Occupation : Salesman, Hobby : Singing)
• Description (Paper : thin, Water : odorless)
• Function (Pen : to write, stove : to cook)
• Person to action (chef : cook, dancer : perform)
Let’s say the question is:

ODOMETER : MILEAGE :: COMPASS : _____________

a) SPEED
b) HIKING
c) NEEDLE
d) DIRECTION
To get the answer, we can come up with the sentence,
“Odometer is an instrument used to measure mileage”.

Based on this relationship, we can now find out what

exactly about the compass is being asked:
“Compass is an instrument used to determine direction”.
Let’s say the question is:

ODOMETER : MILEAGE :: COMPASS : _____________

a) SPEED
b) HIKING
c) NEEDLE
d) DIRECTION
Analytical Ability Review Tips and Tricks

Do not get intimidated by the questions.

Learn some basics of logic.

Learn some basic “rules” in logic. Knowing these

simple “rules” will give you an advantage in
answering logic-related questions.
Example:

If it will be rainy tomorrow, then I will not go to my friend’s

house.

If I will go to my friend’s house, then _______________

a) tomorrow is rainy.
b) tomorrow is not rainy.
The Law of Contraposition states that a statement of the
form “If A then B” is logically equivalent to “If not B
then not A”.

Hence, the statement in the blank should be tomorrow is

not rainy.
Example:
A B
If it will be rainy tomorrow, then I will not go to my friend’s
house.
B A
If I will go to my friend’s house, then _______________

a) tomorrow is rainy.
b) tomorrow is not rainy.
Another rule is the Hypothetical Syllogism that states the
statement of the form “If A then B, If B then C” will lead
to “If A then C”
Example:
A B
If you will be inspired, then you will create a poem.
B C
If you create a poem, then she will be grateful.
A C
If you will be inspired, then she will be grateful.

Assuming that the first two statements are true, is the third
statement also true?
Another rule is the Hypothetical Syllogism that states the
statement of the form “If A then B, If B then C” will lead
to “If A then C”

By hypothetical syllogism, the third statement is true.

Analytical Ability Review Tips and Tricks

Logic questions can be answered easily if you

illustrate them.

Reading the given statements in a logic type of

question is very confusing. You may simplify the
given statements by visualizing them using a Venn
diagram.
Example:

1. Only confident people are actors

2. All actors are wealthy
3. Ben is wealthy
4. Ben is a confident person.
Is the fourth statement certainly true?
If we visualize the statements using a Venn diagram, we
can easily determine if the fourth statement is true.

1. Only confident people are actors

2. All actors are wealthy
3. Ben is wealthy
4. Ben is a confident person.
Is the fourth statement certainly true?
If Ben is wealthy, then Ben belongs to the circle representing
“wealthy.” However, we are not that certain whether Ben is in
the region outside the smaller circle or in the region inside the
smaller circle. Hence, the fourth statement is not certainly
true.
Analytical Ability Review Tips and Tricks

Be familiar with the common patterns used in

number sequences.

Familiarize the different possible patterns of number

sequences to determine the succeeding terms in a short
amount of time.
You may use trial and error to determine the pattern behind
the sequence. However, trial and error is time-consuming
and might not give you the pattern you are looking for.
These are the common types (or patterns) of
number sequences:

1. Arithmetic Sequences – this is a type of

numerical sequence where the succeeding terms
in the sequence are obtained by adding a
constant number to the previous terms.

Example: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, … is an arithmetic

sequence.
These are the common types (or patterns) of
number sequences:

2. Geometric Sequences – this is a type of

numerical sequence where the succeeding terms
in the sequence are obtained by multiplying a
constant number by the previous terms.

Example: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, … is a geometric

sequence.
These are the common types (or patterns) of
number sequences:

3. “Alternating” Sequences – this is a type of

numerical sequence where mathematical
operations are alternating to define the
succeeding terms of the sequence.

Example: 4, 5, 15, 16, 48, 49, 147, …(The terms are

obtained by adding 1 to a term and multiplying 3 by the
resulting number).
These are the common types (or patterns) of
number sequences:

4. Recursive Sequences – this is a type of

numerical sequence where the terms of the
sequence are defined in terms of the previous
terms.

Example: 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, …(The sequence is formed by

adding the two previous terms of the sequence).
These are the common types (or patterns) of
number sequences:

5. “Special” Sequences – this is a numerical

sequence where the succeeding terms are
defined in a “special” way.

For example, the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, … is defined

as the sequence of the square of whole numbers from
1 onwards.
Analytical Ability Review Tips and Tricks

Skip data interpretation type of questions and

return to them if you have some time.

Data analysis questions require a lot of time. You

need to carefully look at the given graphs, which is
very time-consuming. Thus, it is advisable to answer
them last when taking the Analytical Ability subtest.
 Analytical Ability
Practice Test

Set 1: Word Association

Directions:

In each question, you have to select a word/pair of

words that complete(s) the given analogy. The
second pair of words are related the same way as
how the first pair of words are related. Select the
letter of the correct word(s) that completes the
analogy.
1. clock : time : : thermometer : _______

a) heat
b) temperature
c) humidity
d) pressure
1. clock : time : : thermometer : _______

a) heat
b) temperature
c) humidity
d) pressure

Explanation: This Word Analogy relates a thing to the

quantity it measures. Clock measures time while the
thermometer measures temperature.
2. archaic : old : : gloomy : _____

a) bright
b) melancholy
c) rigid
d) nostalgic
2. archaic : old : : gloomy : _____

a) bright
b) melancholy
c) rigid
d) nostalgic

Explanation: “Archaic” is synonymous to “old”. Meanwhile,

“gloomy” is synonymous to “melancholy”.
3. sports : tennis : : music : ______

a) rhythm
b) popularity
c) jazz
d) auditory
3. sports : tennis : : music : ______

a) rhythm
b) popularity
c) jazz
d) auditory
Explanation: This analogy relates a category to its example. The
first pair of words show that the category is “sports” and “tennis” is
an example of it. Meanwhile, the second pair of words show that
“music” is the category and “jazz” is an example of it.
4. export : import : : encouragement : ______

a) uplift
b) conquest
c) intimidation
d) desolation
4. export : import : : encouragement : ______

a) uplift
b) conquest
c) intimidation
d) desolation

Explanation: The opposite of “export” is “import”.

Meanwhile, the opposite of “encouragement” is “intimidation”.
5. Philippines: Manila: : Indonesia: ______

a) Kuala Lumpur
b) Bangkok
c) Jakarta
d) Tokyo
5. Philippines: Manila: : Indonesia: ______

a) Kuala Lumpur
b) Bangkok
c) Jakarta
d) Tokyo

Explanation: Manila is the capital of Philippines. On the other

hand, Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia.
6. abacus : computer : : barter : _______

a) bank
b) economy
c) trade
d) money
6. abacus : computer : : barter : _______

a) bank
b) economy
c) trade
d) money
Explanation: This analogy relates the older to the newer version of
a tool to do a certain function. The first pair which is abacus :
computer shows that the abacus is the old tool while the computer
is the new tool used for calculation. Meanwhile, barter is the old
version of acquiring things while money is the new version of
acquiring things.
7. calm : tranquil : : sublime : ______

a) gorgeous
b) quick
c) annoying
d) threatening
7. calm : tranquil : : sublime : ______

a) gorgeous
b) quick
c) annoying
d) threatening

Explanation: “Calm” is synonymous to “tranquil”. “Sublime”

is synonymous to “gorgeous”.
8. solid : ice : : cylinder : ______

a) beach ball
b) canister
c) tent
d) bread
8. solid : ice : : cylinder : ______

a) beach ball
b) canister
c) tent
d) bread
Explanation: This analogy relates a category to its example.
The first pair of words solid : ice show that “solid” is the
category and “ice” is an example of it. Meanwhile, on the
second pair of words, “cylinder” is the category and “canister”
is an example of it.
9. pounds : mass : : liters : _____

a) length
b) weight
c) volume
d) depth
9. pounds : mass : : liters : _____

a) length
b) weight
c) volume
d) depth

Explanation: “pounds” is a unit of measure used for mass

while “liters” is a unit of measure used for volume.
10. season : autumn : : terrain : ____

a) rocky
b) plain
c) geology
d) lake
10. season : autumn : : terrain : ____

a) rocky
b) plain
c) geology
d) lake
Explanation: This analogy relates a category to its example.
The first pair of words season : autumn show that “season” is
the category and “autumn” is an example of it. Meanwhile, the
next pair of words show that “terrain” is the category and
“plain” is an example of it.
11. numbers : mathematics : : weather : _____

a) geology
b) astrology
c) astronomy
d) meteorology
11. numbers : mathematics : : weather : _____

a) geology
b) astrology
c) astronomy
d) meteorology

Explanation: “Numbers” are one of the things being studied in

Mathematics. Meanwhile, “weather” is one of the things being
studied in Meteorology.
12. little : least : : good: ______

a) great
b) proud
c) best
d) adore
12. little : least : : good: ______

a) great
b) proud
c) best
d) adore

Explanation: “least” is the superlative degree of “less”.

Meanwhile, “best” is the superlative degree of “well”
13. sheep : flock : : wolf : _____

a) fleet
b) pod
c) streak
d) pack
13. sheep : flock : : wolf : _____

a) fleet – a group of ships

b) pod - a group of whales
c) streak – a group of tigers
d) pack
Explanation: This analogy is a “member-group” analogy
where the member of a group is stated first and the term for
that group is stated afterwards. The first pair of words which is
sheep : flock show that a group of sheeps is called a “flock”.
Meanwhile, a group of wolves is called a “pack”.
14. die : roll : : coin : _____

a) throw
b) toss
c) change
d) include
14. die : roll : : coin : _____

a) throw
b) toss
c) change
d) include
Explanation: The relationship between the words is an
“object-action” relationship where the object is written first
followed by the action associated with that object. The first
pair of words which is die : roll means that a die is usually
being rolled. Meanwhile, a coin is usually being tossed.
15. obscure : famous : : vote : ______

a) select
b) reign
c) destined
d) abstain
15. obscure : famous : : vote : ______

a) select
b) reign
c) destined
d) abstain

Explanation: The opposite of the word “obscure” is “famous”.

Meanwhile, the opposite of the word “vote” is “abstain”.
16. keyboard : computer : : branch : ______

a) soil
b) ground
c) tree
d) sea
16. keyboard : computer : : branch : ______

a) soil
b) ground
c) tree
d) sea
Explanation: This is a “part to the whole” analogy where a
component is stated first followed by the “whole” where the
component belongs. Keyboard is a part or a component of a
computer. Meanwhile, a branch is a component of a tree.
17. snakes : reptile : : _______ : _______

a) birds : ostrich
b) bats : mammal
c) fish : shark
d) reptiles : lizard
17. snakes : reptile : : _______ : _______

a) birds : ostrich
b) bats : mammal
c) fish : shark
d) reptiles : lizard
Explanation: The first pair of words which is snake : reptile
indicates that we have an “example-category” relationship where
an example of a category is presented first followed by the
category where the example belongs. Snakes are an example of
reptiles. Meanwhile, bats are an example of mammals.
18. appetizer : meal : : _______ : ________

a) prologue : novel
b) talent : skill
c) librarian : library
d) sweat : skin
18. appetizer : meal : : _______ : ________

a) prologue : novel
b) talent : skill
c) librarian : library
d) sweat : skin

Explanation: Appetizer is an introduction to a meal.

Meanwhile, a prologue is an introductory section of a novel.
19. equitable : fair : : _______ : ________

a) replenish : refill
b) sound : noise
c) abort : proceed
d) massive : little
19. equitable : fair : : _______ : ________

a) replenish : refill
b) sound : noise
c) abort : proceed
d) massive : little

Explanation: “Equitable” is synonymous to “fair”.

Meanwhile, “replenish” is synonymous to “refill”.
20. flood : rain : : _______ : _______

a) solace : consolation
b) grow : weight
c) war : misunderstanding
d) creative : resourceful
20. flood : rain : : _______ : _______

a) solace : consolation
b) grow : weight
c) war : misunderstanding
d) creative : resourceful
Explanation: The first pair of words flood : rain implies that
we have an “effect to cause” relationship where the effect is
presented first followed by the cause. Thus, the answer to this
item is war : misunderstanding as war can be a result from a
misunderstanding.
Let’s try the following:

1. PHOTOGRAPHER is to PICTURE as
CARTOGRAPHER is to __________.
a) plan
b) design
c) graph
d) cartoon
e) map
Let’s try the following:

1. PHOTOGRAPHER is to PICTURE as
CARTOGRAPHER is to __________.
a) plan
b) design
c) graph
d) cartoon
e) map
Let’s try the following:

2. COMPASS is to DIRECTION as
CALIPER is to __________.
a) speed
b) pitch
c) diameter
d) altitude
e) volume
Let’s try the following:

2. COMPASS is to DIRECTION as
CALIPER is to __________.
a) speed
b) pitch
c) diameter
d) altitude
e) volume
Let’s try the following:

3. BREWING is to BEER as TANNING is

to _________.
a) rubber
b) cotton
c) tea
d) glass
e) leather
Let’s try the following:

3. BREWING is to BEER as TANNING is

to _________.
a) rubber
b) cotton
c) tea
d) glass
e) leather
Let’s try the following:

4. CONFUCIUS is to CHINA as
MAHATMA GANDHI is to _________.
a) India
b) Japan
c) Africa
d) Philippines
e) Dubai
Let’s try the following:

4. CONFUCIUS is to CHINA as
MAHATMA GANDHI is to _________.
a) India
b) Japan
c) Africa
d) Philippines
e) Dubai
Let’s try the following:

5. OATH is to PROMISE as CONTRACT is

to ___________.
a) license
b) contact
c) agreement
d) paper
e) service
Let’s try the following:

5. OATH is to PROMISE as CONTRACT is

to ___________.
a) license
b) contact
c) agreement
d) paper
e) service
Let’s try the following:

6. Decibel: sound: : volt: ______

a) watts
b) fire
c) electricity
d) lightning
Let’s try the following:

6. Decibel: sound: : volt: ______

a) watts
b) fire
c) electricity
d) lightning
Let’s try the following:

7. Coward: brave: : philanthropist: _______

a) selfish
b) kind
c) pessimist
d) optimist
Let’s try the following:

7. Coward: brave: : philanthropist: _______

a) selfish
b) kind
c) pessimist
d) optimist
Let’s try the following:

8. Logic: reasoning: : ethics: _______

a) character
b) behavior
c) subject
d) traits
Let’s try the following:

8. Logic: reasoning: : ethics: _______

a) character
b) behavior
c) subject
d) traits
Let’s try the following:

9. Antenna: signal: : net: ______

a) web
b) catch
c) gross
d) fish
Let’s try the following:

9. Antenna: signal: : net: ______

a) web
b) catch
c) gross
d) fish
Let’s try the following:

10. Archive: manuscript: arsenal: ________

a) soldier
b) weapon
c) castle
d) king
Let’s try the following:

10. Archive: manuscript: arsenal: ________

a) soldier
b) weapon
c) castle
d) king
 Analytical Ability
Practice Test

Set 2: Identifying Assumptions

and Conclusions