REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT SPEECH)

I. Definition
1. Câu trực tiếp:
Eg: John said “I will go to the cinema with my friends tomorrow.”
“Will you marry me?” Mark asked.
2. Câu gián tiếp
Eg: John said he would go to the cinema with his friends the next
day.”
Mark asked if she/you would marry him.
II. Quy tắc chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. Statement in reported speech (Câu kể trong lời nói gián tiếp)
- Chuyển 3 yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời
gian/nơi chốn
a. Ngôi: - Ngôi thứ nhất (I/we): đổi sao cho phù hợp với người
nói. (Chủ ngữ)
 Ngôi thứ 2 (you): đổi sao cho phù hợp với tân ngữ.
 Ngôi thứ 3 (he/she/it/they): giữ nguyên
Eg: Lan said “John is going to get married next
month, and he intends to invite 100 guests.”
 Lan said John was going to get married the
following month and he intended to invite
100 guests.
Lan said “They are going on a vacation
tomorrow”
 Lan said they were going on a vacation the
next day.
b. Thì của động từ: áp dụng quy tắc lùi một thì về quá khứ
- Thì hiện tại đơn  Thì quá khứ đơn
+) to be: am/ is / are  was/ were
+) V nguyên/ s/es  Ved/ cột 2
Lan said “John is going to get married next month,
and he intends to invite 100 guests.”
 Lan said John was going to get married the
following month and he intended to invite
100 guests.
- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành  Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Thì quá khứ đơn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
- Quá khứ hoàn thành  Giữ nguyên
 - Thì tương lai đơn  Conditional (would +V)
- Thì tương lai gần  Future in the past (was/were going to)
- Thì tương lai tiếp diễn  Conditional continuous (would be
+V-ing)
- Thì tương lai hoàn thành  Conditional perfect (would have
V-p2)
- Động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal verbs)
Can – could
May – Might
Must – Had to
c. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian/nơi chốn

Here  There
Now  Then
Today  That day
Tomorrow  The next day/the following day
Yesterday  The day before/ the previous day
Last week/year  The week/year before/the previous week/
year
Next  the next/the following.
The day after tomorrow  in two days’ time
The day before yesterday  two days before
This  that
These  those
Exercise: STATEMENT IN REPORTED SPEECH
1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 9 o’ clock.”
 Nam said he was told to be at school before 9 o’ clock.
2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week.”
 Thu said all the students would have a meeting next week.
3. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully.”
 The teacher said all the homework had to be done carefully.
4. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie theatre with your
friends.”
 Her father said to her she could go to the movie theatre with her
friends.
5. She said “I will have saved enough money to buy a car by the end of this
year.”
 She said she would have saved enough money to buy a car by the end
of that year.
6. “I will be using the car myself on the 25th.” said Mary.
 Mary said she would be using the car herself on the 25th.
7. “I was making many cupcakes when Anna came.” Mr. Peter said.
 Mr. Peter said he had been making many cupcakes when Anna
came.
8. “I have been playing the piano for ages.” said Salmon.
 Salmon said he had been playing the piano for ages.
9. “I have never ridden a camel.” John said
 John said he had never ridden a camel.
10. They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores.”
 They told us their friends would get the award for their highest
scores.

2. Yes/No questions. (Auxi + S + V…?)

Eg: “Do you go to school today?” John said to Jim
 John asked Jim if she went to school that day.
 John wondered/wanted to know if Jim went to school that day
“Will you go to school by bus tomorrow?” Mary asked John
 Mary asked John if he would go to school by bus the next day.

*) Cách chuyển một câu hỏi Yes/No sang lời nói gián tiếp.
- Dùng động từ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know để kể lại/ làm động
từ tường thuật
- Thêm if/whether để làm liên từ nối mệnh đề tường thuật với câu
hỏi.
- Áp dụng quy tắc chuyển ngôi, lùi thì, và chuyển trạng từ (Buổi
trước đã học)
*) Chú ý: Chuyển trình tự câu hỏi trong lời nói trực tiếp thành trình
tự câu tường thuật/ kể (Khẳng định) trong lời nói gián tiếp.
Trực tiếp: “Trợ động từ +S +V….?” + mệnh đề tường thuật
Gián tiếp: Mệnh đề tường thuật +if/whether +S +V(lùi thì) …..

Exercises:
1. “Do you want to see the cathedral?” He asked
 He asked me if I wanted to see the cathedral
2. “Do you hate working on the night shifts?” She asked
 She asked me if I hated working on the night shifts
3. “Have you ever seen a UFO?” He asked
 He asked me if I had ever seen a UFO
 4. “Can you play any musical instrument?” The musician asked the
girl
 The musician asked the girl if she could play any musical instrument.
5. “Did any of you actually see the accident happen?” said the police
 The police wondered if any of us had actually seen the accident
happened.

3. WH-questions:
*) Cách chuyển một câu hỏi Yes/No sang lời nói gián tiếp.
- Dùng động từ asked/ wondered/ wanted to know để kể lại/ làm động
từ tường thuật
- Dùng từ để hỏi để làm liên từ nối mệnh đề tường thuật với câu hỏi.
- Áp dụng quy tắc chuyển ngôi, lùi thì, và chuyển trạng từ (Buổi
trước đã học)
*) Chú ý: Chuyển trình tự câu hỏi trong lời nói trực tiếp thành trình
tự câu tường thuật/ kể (Khẳng định) trong lời nói gián tiếp.
Trực tiếp: “WH-word + trợ động từ +S +V….?” + mệnh đề tường
thuật
Gián tiếp: Mệnh đề tường thuật +WH-word +S +V(lùi thì) …..

Exercises:
1. “How many people are there in the conference?” Jim asked Mark
 Jim asked Mark how many people there were in the conference.
2. “What will you buy if you have free time to go to the
supermarket?” Lan asked me
 Lan asked me what I would buy if I had free time to go to the
supermarket.
3. “Since when have you known each other?” She asked
 She asked me since when we had known each other.
4. “Where are you going for your holiday this summer?” He asked
 He asked me where I was going for my holiday that summer.
5. “Which wine would you like?” asked the waiter.
 The waiter asked me which wine I would like.
6. “How long does it take you to Boston by coach?” Anna asked
 Anna asked me how long it took me to Boston by coach.
7. “How much do you think it would cost?” she asked
 She asked me how much I thought it would cost.
8. “Why are you in such a hurry like that?” The teacher said to
John
  The teacher asked John why he was in such a hurry like that.

Vocabulary:
1. Make sense of = manage to understand sth
2. Rack your brain(s) = try hard to remember sth
3. On the tip of your tongue = you surely know it but cannot remember it
at that moment
4. Go in one ear and out the other = forget sth quickly
5. Come back to sb = remember
III. Command and Request in Reported Speech
*) Cách chuyển từ câu mệnh lệnh/yêu cầu => Lời nói gián tiếp
- Dùng động từ asked hoặc told để kể lại
- Động từ trong câu trực tiếp để dạng nguyên thể có “TO” và đặt ngày sau tân
ngữ của động từ asked hoặc told.
- Áp dụng công thức: S + told/asked + O + (not) + to V
Eg: “Keep off the grass” => The mayor told me to keep off the grass.
“Don’t talk in class” said the teacher to me => The teacher told me not to talk
in class.

*) S + asked + O + (not) + to V
Told
Reminded
Demanded
Advised
Invited
Persuaded
Encouraged
Begged
Eg: “Do you homework, Sally.” said the teacher. => The teacher told Sally to
do her homework
“You should brush your teeth twice a day if you don’t want to have many
cavities.” Hoa said to Mary
 Hoa advised Mary to brush her teeth twice a day….
“Don’t forget to lock the door before you leave.” John said to me
 John reminded me to lock the door before I left.

S + wanted + (O) + to V
Agreed
Refused
Threatened
Promised
Offered
“I will never break your vase anymore.” said Andy
 Andy promised not to break my vase anymore.
Exercise:
1. “If I were you, I’d stop hurting her feelings.” I said
 I advised him to stop hurting her feelings.
2. “Could you show me your ID card?” The police said
 The police told me to show him my ID card
3. “Please, please don’t take any risks.” Said his wife
 His wife begged him not to take any risks
4. “Would you like to date with me tonight?” said the boy to me
 The boy invited me to date with him that night
5. “Don’t forget to order the beef steak.” Said the host.
 The host reminded me to order the beef steak

IV. Conditional sentences in reported speech

Type 1: Áp dụng quy tắc chuyển ngôi, lùi thì và chuyển trạng từ như
đã được học
Eg: “If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic tomorrow.” The
girl said
 The boy said if the weather was fine, he would go for a picnic the
next day.”
 Type 2 & type 3: Giữ nguyên thì của động từ, chỉ chuyển ngôi và
trạng từ sao cho phù hợp.
Eg: “If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new house for my
mother.” The daughter said.
 The daughter said if she had a lot of money, she would buy a new
house for her mother.”

Chú ý: Nếu câu điều kiện loại 2 ở trực tiếp bắt đầu bằng “If I were
you…/If I were in your shoes/position/situation…”
Thì có thể được thuật lại ở lời nói gián tiếp bằng động từ advised

CT: Advised sb to do sth: Khuyên ai làm gì

Advised sb against doing sth: Khuyên ai không làm gì.
Eg: “If I were in your shoes, I would tell her the truth.” The husband
said.
 The husband advised me to tell her the truth.

WISH SENTENCE

1. Wish sb sth: Chúc ai đó điều gì

Eg: I wish you a happy birthday. / I wish you a merry Christmas.
I wish you good luck and success.
I wish you good health and happiness.
2. Wish + to V = want + to V/ would like + to V: muốn làm gì
I wish to see you at the corner of the street as usual
3. S + wish (chia theo S) + S + V(qkđ)/were: Ước một điều không có
thật ở hiện tại.
Eg: I wish I lived in America/ I wish I were a boy
4. S + wish (chia theo S) + S + had + Vp2: Ước một điều không có
thật trong quá khứ.
Eg: I wish I hadn’t killed her.
5. S + wish + S + would + V(bare): Ước 1 điều không có thật trong
tương lai.
Eg: I wish he would come tomorrow.
V. Reported Speech with Gerund

S + thanked + O + for +V-ing: cảm ơn ai đó vì điều gì

S + apologized + to + O + for +V-ing: xin lỗi ai đó vì điều gì
S + congratulated +O + on + V-ing: chúc mừng ai đó
S+ criticized + O + for + V-ing: Chỉ trích ai đó
 S + accused + O + of + V-ing: Buộc tội ai đó vì điều gì
S + prevented + O + from + V-ing: Ngăn cản ai làm gì
S + stopped + O + from + V-ing: Ngăn cản ai làm gì

Eg: “I’m sorry. I’m late.” Bill said.

 Bill apologized to me for being late.
“I see Mark break your flower vase.” Andy said
 Andy accused Mark of breaking my flower vase.

S+ insisted
Denied
Admitted + V-ing
Suggested
Proposed

Mark denied stealing my wallet.

He suggested going somewhere for a drink.

WISH SENTENCE EXERCISE

1. I can’t fly. => I wish I could fly
2. I don’t know anything about computers. => I wish I knew something
about computers.
3. Mai is too short. => Mai wishes she were tall.
4. He won’t come tomorrow. => I wish he would come tomorrow.
5. Mark regrets saying such a bad thing to Sally. => Mark wishes he
hadn’t said such a bad thing to Sally.
6. Susan couldn’t finish the work on time yesterday. => Susan wishes
she had finished the work on time yesterday.
7. Our neighbor is making so much noise. => We wish our neighbor
weren’t making so much noise.

Rewrite the following sentences so that the meaning stays the same.

1. ”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”

– He advised against buying that car.

2. ”Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?”said Nam.

– Nam offered Lan to carry her suicase.

3. ”Yes, all right, I’ll share the food with you, Dave. ”

– Ann agreed to share the food with Dave.

4. ”Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?”

– Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread.

5. ”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.

– The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room.

6. ”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.

– Mary said she had to go home to make dinner.

7. ”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”, Tom asked me.

– Tom asked me if I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the following week.

8. ”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked.

– Mom asked me if I had finished my homework.

9. She said to me:”I can’t do it by myself”

– She told me that she couldn’t do it by herself.

10. ”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked.

– Lan wanted to know if Nam ‘s brother lived in London.

11. ”Don’t repeat this mistake again. ”his father warned him.

– His father warned him………………………………………

12. ”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me.

– The……………………………………………………………..
 13. ”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the
students

– The librarian told the students not to leave those books on the table.

14. ”Have you travelled abroad much?”, he asked me.

– He asked me if I had travelled abroad much.

15. ”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary.

– The boss asked who had written that note.

16. ”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to

me.

– My friend told me that she had just received a postcard from her sister.

17. ”This story happened long ago”he said.

– He said that story had happened long before.