BEA MARIE M.

SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 13-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: C
RATIO: It is during the growth spurt of adolescence that differences in body composition
between males and females become apparent.

2. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Adolescents often lack sufficient amounts of iron and calcium in their diets.

3. ANSWER: A
RATIO: One way parents can help teenagers consume a balanced diet is by monitoring their
food intake.

4. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Puberty is the period in which adolescents develop secondary sex characteristics.

5. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Peers often have the most influence on the choices of adolescents
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 14-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Physical activity can strengthen your bones and muscles, help you maintain a healthy
weight, increase your ability to carry out daily tasks, and improve your cognitive health.

2. ANSWER: D
RATIO: D is the correct answer, appropriate energy intake helps prevent diabetes and
cardiovascular disease.

3. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory condition in which your
immune system unintentionally assaults healthy cells in your body, leading to inflammation
(painful swelling) in the areas of your body affected.

4. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Lean meats, poultry fish, legumes, fat free milk, and eggs are the best example of low-
calorie, high quality protein.

5. ANSWER: D
RATIO: For malnourished and underweight people, protein - and - energy - dense snacks
include scrambled eggs and peanut butter on wheat toast.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 15-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Mr. Segobre experiences loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing, and mouth
pain as a consequence of illness. Mr.
Segobre is at risk of malnutrition due to reduced food intake.

2. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Residing with a spouse in a middle-income neighborhood does not put the
person at risk for malnutrition.

3. ANSWER: A
RATIO: A nurse notices food on a patient’s tray and is not sure if the food is allowed
on the patient’s diet. An appropriate action for the nurse to take would be to check the
diet manual. The diet manual includes a list of foods that are allowed and not allowed for
patients.

4. ANSWER:C
RATIO: A successful nutrition intervention would include a long list of
appetizing meals and foods that the patient can include in the diet.

5. ANSWER: B
RATIO: the most important factor(s) that affects how nutrition education is presented
is the person’s abilities and motivation.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 16-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Over-the-counter drugs, such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and paracetamol, are
ones that can be supplied directly to consumers without a prescription and are used to
treat illnesses that are often self-diagnosed and self-treated.

2. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Recommendations for reducing the incidence of medication errors include
avoiding the use of confusing terms in clinical documents.

3. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Taking more medications than clinically necessary—is likely the strongest risk
factor for adverse drug effects.

4. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Persistent nausea and vomiting are examples of medication-related
symptoms that can significantly limit food intake.

5. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption of vitamin
b12, folate, and iron.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 17-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: C
RATIO: A gastrostomy tube would be an appropriate placement for a patient who is at high risk
of aspiration and is not expected to be able to eat table foods for several months.

2. ANSWER: B
RATIO: When selecting an appropriate enteral formula for a patient, the primary consideration
should be the patient's nutrient needs. The formula should be tailored to meet the specific
nutritional requirements of the individual patient, taking into account factors such as their age,
medical condition, caloric needs, protein needs, and any specific dietary restrictions or allergies
they may have.

3. ANSWER: C
RATIO: An important measure to prevent bacterial contamination in tube feeding formulas is to
discard opened containers of formula that have not been used within 24 hours. Tube feeding
formulas can support the growth of bacteria, and using the same feeding bag and tubing each
day or adding formula to the feeding container before it empties completely can increase the
risk of bacterial contamination. It is important to follow proper hygiene and storage guidelines to
ensure the safety of the formula.

4. ANSWER: D
RATIO: The nurse using a feeding tube to deliver medications should recognize that thick or
sticky liquid medications and crushed tablets can potentially clog feeding tubes. Medications
given by feeding tubes can cause GI complaints in some cases, and it is important to assess the
compatibility and appropriateness of each medication for tube administration. Medications are
usually administered separately from the enteral formula, and it is necessary to flush the feeding
tube before and after medication administration to prevent any potential interactions or
complications.

5. ANSWER: C
RATIO: For a patient receiving central TPN (total parenteral nutrition) who also receives
intravenous lipid emulsions two or three times a week, the lipid emulsions primarily serve as a
source of fat-soluble vitamins. Intravenous lipid emulsions provide essential fatty acids and
fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) that are necessary for various physiological functions in the
body. They also serve as a concentrated source of energy for patients who require additional
calories in their nutritional regimen.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 18-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: A
Ratio: Milk is not typically permitted on a clear liquid diet. A clear liquid diet consists of foods
that are transparent and easily digested, leaving little to no residue in the gastrointestinal tract. It
includes liquids that are easy to see through and do not contain any solid particles.

2. ANSWER: C
RATIO: If a patient with dysphagia experiences difficulty swallowing solids but can easily
swallow liquids, it suggests that there may be an obstruction in the esophagus. Solid food
requires more forceful contractions of the esophageal muscles to propel it downward, whereas
liquids can pass more easily through a narrowed or partially obstructed esophagus.

3. ANSWER: D
RATIO: The possible consequences of GERD include all of the following except option D.
gastric ulcer.

4. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Long-term stomach lining inflammation is referred to as chronic gastritis. The bacterium
Helicobacter pylori infection, protracted use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications
(NSAIDs), excessive alcohol intake, and autoimmune disorders are just a few possible reasons.

5. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Dietary suggestions for people with gastritis or peptic ulcers are primarily intended to
reduce symptoms and soothe the stomach lining. Consuming foods that are simple to digest
and well-tolerated by the person is required for this. Such foods shouldn't be uncomfortable or
make the problem worse.

6. ANSWER: C
RATIO: The health practitioner would encourage the elderly patient with constipation to
gradually add high-fiber foods to their diet. Fiber adds bulk to the stool and promotes regular
bowel movements. It helps soften the stool and makes it easier to pass through the digestive
system

7. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Nutrient malabsorption can in fact cause osmotic diarrhea. Undigested or unabsorbed
nutrients can attract water into the intestine when the colon is unable to effectively absorb
certain nutrients, which can cause excessive fluid output and osmotic diarrhea.
8. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome most often include constipation and/ diarrhea
and flatulence.

9. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the rectum and colon, causing inflammation and ulcers
in the lining of the large intestine. It usually begins in the rectum and can extend upwards to
involve different parts of the colon.

10. ANSWER: C
RATIO: After an ileostomy, the most serious concern is that incompletely digested foods may
cause obstructions. An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening
(stoma) in the abdominal wall through which the small intestine (ileum) is brought to the surface.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 19-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Malabsorption can be caused by various factors such as inflammatory bowel disease,
pancreatic dysfunction, and liver disease. Flatulence, however, is not directly associated with
malabsorption.

2. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Nutrition problems resulting from fat malabsorption can include weight loss, bone loss,
and oxalate kidney stones. However, essential amino acid deficiencies are not typically
associated with fat malabsorption.

3. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Lactose intolerance is primarily caused by insufficient lactase, the enzyme responsible
for breaking down lactose in the body. It is not directly related to milk allergy, fluid imbalance, or
pancreatic dysfunction.

4. ANSWER: C
RATIO: The majority of chronic pancreatitis cases can be attributed to alcohol abuse. While
gallstones and elevated triglyceride levels can also contribute to the development of
pancreatitis, alcohol abuse is the leading cause.

5. ANSWER: A
RATIO: A person on a gluten-free diet must avoid products containing wheat, barley, and rye.
Lactose is not related to gluten intolerance. Excessive fat is not directly related to gluten
intolerance, although some individuals with celiac disease may have difficulty digesting fat.
Corn, rice, and millet are gluten-free grains and can be consumed by individuals on a
gluten-free diet.

6. ANSWER: D
RATIO: In cases of fatty liver that are unrelated to excessive alcohol intake, the primary risk
factor is insulin resistance. Following a high-protein diet, use of illicit drugs, and following a
high-fat diet can contribute to fatty liver disease but may not be the primary risk factors in
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

7. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Chronic hepatitis can progress to cirrhosis, which is a serious and potentially
life-threatening condition. Symptoms of hepatitis can vary in severity depending on the cause
and individual. Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B, but as of my knowledge cutoff in
September 2021, there is no vaccine available for hepatitis C. HCV infection is primarily spread
through contact with infected blood, not through contaminated foods and water.
8. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Esophageal varices are a dangerous complication of liver disease primarily because
they can lead to massive bleeding. They do not interfere with food intake, divert
blood flow from the GI tract, or directly contribute to hepatic encephalopathy.

9. ANSWER: A
RATIO: A complication of cirrhosis that contributes to the development of ascites is portal
hypertension, which is increased blood pressure in the portal vein system. Elevated serum
ammonia levels, bile obstruction, and insulin resistance may be associated with other
complications of liver disease but are not direct causes of ascites.

10. ANSWER: B
RATIO: The risk of gallstone disease is increased during pregnancy. Prevalence of gallstones is
generally higher in women than in men. Rapid weight loss can increase the risk of gallstone
formation, not shrink gallstones. The risk of gallstone disease can vary among ethnic groups,
with certain populations being more prone to develop gallstones.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 20-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: B.
RATIO: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the pancreas making little or no insulin. Abdominal
obesity does not increase the risk of type 1 diabetes, and it is not the predominant form of
diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not typically associated with pregnancy.

2. ANSWER: D.
RATIO: Option D is true about type 2 diabetes.

3. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Most chronic complications associated with diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease,
nephropathy (kidney disease), retinopathy (eye disease), and neuropathy (nerve damage),
result from damage to blood vessels and nerves.

4. ANSWER: D
RATIO: The most effective meal-planning strategy for managing diabetes is the approach that
best helps the patient control blood glucose levels. This can vary among individuals and may
include strategies such as carbohydrate counting, following food lists created for persons with
diabetes, or utilizing menus and recipes provided by a registered dietitian. The goal is to
maintain stable blood glucose levels through an individualized approach.

5. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Restricting carbohydrate to about 30 grams at breakfast may be a helpful dietary
adjustment for women with gestational diabetes.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 21-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Ischemia in the coronary arteries is a frequent cause of angina pectoris.

2. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Saturated fats are known to have the strongest LDL cholesterol-raising effects among
dietary lipids. When consumed in excess, saturated fats can increase levels of low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol, which is commonly referred to as "bad" cholesterol.

3. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Hemorrhagic stroke results from bleeding within the brain, which damages brain tissue.

4. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Hypertensive patients can benefit from all of the following dietary and lifestyle
medications except option B. reducing total fat intake.

5. ANSWER: C
RATIO: Patients with heart failure often experience fluid retention, and reducing sodium intake
helps control fluid levels in the body. High sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup, increased
blood pressure, and strain on the heart. Therefore, a low-sodium diet is recommended for heart
failure patients to help manage their condition effectively.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 22-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Option B,C and D are functions of kidneys. Therefore,option A is not part of
the kidney's function.

2. ANSWER: C
RATIO : Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include severe swelling (edema),
particularly around your eyes and in your ankles and feet. Therefore, option C is the best
answer.

3. ANSWER: A
RATIO: If a patient with acute kidney injury should require a high protein intake, an
additional treatment may be necessary for frequent dialysis.

4. ANSWER: A
RATIO: The most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes mellitus and
excessive blood pressure.

5. ANSWER: B
RATIO: A person with chronic kidney disease who has been following a renal diet for
several years begins hemodialysis treatment. An appropriate dietary adjustment would
be to consume protein more liberally.
BEA MARIE M. SARAUM 2BSN-B14
NUR 102-NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

LEC SAS 23-CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

1. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Muscle protein catabolism is metabolic changes that accompany acute stress.

2. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Protein and energy recommendations during acute metabolic stress often
increased to minimize muscle tissue losses.

3. ANSWER: C
RATIO: A primary feature of emphysema is destruction of the walls separating the
alveoli.

4. ANSWER: D
RATIO: The weight loss and wasting that often occur in COPD can be caused by
reduced food intake, increased metabolic rate and reduced exercise tolerance.
Therefore, option D is the best answer.

5. ANSWER: A
RATIO: Nutrition therapy for a person with respiratory failure includes a careful
attention to providing enough, but not too much, energy.

6. ANSWER: D
RATIO: Fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, and other plants include phytochemicals,
which are substances made by plants. Some of these phytochemicals could protect cells
from harm that can cause cancer.

7. ANSWER: C
RATIO: An advantage of radiation therapy over chemotherapy is that radiation can be
directed toward the regions affected by cancer.

8. ANSWER:D
RATIO: Leftover luncheon meat should be avoided by a patient consuming a
low-microbial diet.

9. ANSWER: B
RATIO: Helper T-cells have a CD4 molecule on their surface, and HIV attaches to it
and replicates inside of them. Consequently, HIV may break down and destroy helper
t-cells.
10. ANSWER: A
RATIO: In people with HIV infection, mouth sores may be caused by all of the
following except cryptosporidiosis.