MURANG’A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY ORDINARY EXAMINATION

2017/2018 ACADEMIC YEAR

FOURTH YEAR SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ICS 2303 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS

DURATION: 2 HOURS

DATE: 19TH APRIL 2018

TIME: 2.00-4.00PM

Instructions to Candidates:

1. Answer Question 1 and Any Other Two questions.

2. Mobile phones are not allowed in the examination room.
3. You are not allowed to write on this examination question paper.

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 SECTION ONE – ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION QUESTION
ONE (30 MARKS)

a) Distinguish between lossless and lossy data compression (2 marks)

b) Giving an application area with respect to multimedia data, list ant two pattern
substitution based compression algorithms (4 marks)
c) Explain two features of MIDI that make it suitable for use in the MPEG-4 audio
compression standard (2 Marks)
d) Briefly the cause of frequency masking in the human auditory systems (3 marks)
e) Differentiate analog signals from digital signals (2 marks)
f) Give an application in which CMYK colour model is mostly used and explain the
Reason (2 marks)
g) Explain the following terms in MPEG-2 vedio compression
i. I-Frame (1 Marks)
ii. P- Frame (1 Marks)
iii. B- Frame (1 Marks)
h) Explain any two characteristics of the human visual systems that can be exploited for
the compression of colour images and video (4 marks)
i) State NYQUIST’S sampling theorem (2 marks)
j) Differentiate reverb from echo (2 marks)
k) Briefly giving no mathematical details ,describe how convolution reverbs is implemented
(4 marks)

SECTION TWO – ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) Given the following run length encoded (RLE) sequence reconstruct the original 2𝐷 8 ∗ 8
(binary) data array (4 marks)

0; 8 ,
0; 1 ; 1; 1 ; 0; 4 ; 1; 1 ; (0; 1),
0; 1 ; 1; 2 ; 0; 2 ; 1; 2 ; (0; 1),
0; 1 ; 1; 6 ; 0; 1 ,
0; 2 ; 1; 4 ; 0; 2 ,
0; 3 ; 1; 2 ; 0; 3 ,
0; 2 ; 1; 1 ; 0; 2 ; 1; 1 ; (0; 2),
0; 1 ; 1; 1 ; 0; 4 ; 1; 1 ; (0; 1),

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 b) Given the following differential pulse code modulated (DPCM) sequence reconstruct the
original signal +4 + 2 + 3 − 2 + 3 − 1 + 1 + 1
c) Encode the following stream of characters using decimal arithmetic coding compression:
MULTI
Assume that characters occur with probabilities of
𝑚 = 0.1, 𝑈 = 0.3, 𝑙 = 0.3, 𝑇 = 0.2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 = 0.1

QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)

a) Explain the MIDI as used in multimedia systems (1 mark)

b) Explain the features of MIDI make it suitable for use in the MPEG-4 audio compression
standard (2 marks)
c) Briefly discuss any four MPEG-4 structured audio tools (8 marks)
d) Explain the features of MIDI that make it suitable for controlling software or hardware
Devices (6 marks)
e) Outline how you could utilize MIDI in the following situation (3 marks)
i. I MIDI controller that has to be able to accommodate a range of values in excess of 255
ii. A midi sampler has limited memory but needs to be configured to be play trumpet sounds
at one instant but also violin sounds at other instants

QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)

a) Explain how a colour look-up table is used to represent colour (2 marks)

b) Give an advantage and disadvantage of this representation with respect to true colour
(24-bit) colour (2 marks)
c) How do you convert from 24-bit colour to an 8- bit colour look-up table representation
(2 marks)
d) Describe how colour look- up tables can be used to implement simple computer animations.
Illustrate you r answer with the following example: in an 7 ∗ 7 image you have to animate a
3 ∗ 3 red square moving from left to right at a rate of 2 pixels per frame. The square is centered
vertically within the image and the image background is black (8 marks)

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 e) Give two limitations of colour look-up table animation (2 marks)
f) Given a colour represented in RGB colour space as 𝑅 = 0: 2, 𝐺 = 0: 6 , 𝐵 = 0: 3,
derive its representation In the 𝑪𝑴𝒀𝑲 colour model (2 marks)

QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)

a) A computer is to be used to add effects to analog audio signals

i. Give two types of audio devices needed in general (1 mark)
ii. Describe their functionalities in the processing pipeline (1 mark)

b) Audio signals are often sampled at different rates.CD quality audio is sampled at 44.1 𝑘𝑕𝑧 while
telephonequality audio sampled at 8𝑘𝑕𝑧. what are the maximum frequencies in the input signals
that can be fully recovered for these two sampling rates?
Briefly describe the theory you can use to obtain the results (3 marks)

c) If an arbitrary input signals is directly sampled ,what art fact may result and how to solve this
(2 marks)
d) Answer the following questions based on the given figure

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 i. What is the audio synthesis algorithm described in the diagram? (1 marks)
ii. Which general approach of digital audio synthesis most accurately does this algorithm belong
to? (1 mark)
iii. If the audio is sampled at 44.1𝑘𝑕𝑧, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷 = 100 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 what is the
fundamental frequency of the synthesized audio? (2 marks)
iv. To have the fundamental frequency of the synthesized audio ,what two possible changes
can you make (2 marks)

e) Describe what ADSR envelopes means (with an illustration) and how this is applied
in digital audio synthesis (7 marks)

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