ArchGenesis

Architectural
Vocabulary
Classical Orders/ Column
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 Classical Art
Classical art refers to artworks created during the
classical period. Classicism, in the arts, generally
refers to artwork created by the ancient Greeks and
Romans. Classic artwork may also be categorized as
one of the ancient arts or called either Greek or
Roman art.

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 Column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a
structural element that transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements
below. In other words, a column is a compression member.
 A column is a structural element that transmits load from above
to a supporting structure below. The word ‘column’ is associated
in particular with elements that have a central shaft that is round
in section.
Classical columns were generally constructed from stone. There
are five basic styles of architecture that determine the form and
decoration of classical columns;

 Traditionally, a column is made up of

a base, a shaft and a capital.

The base is the lowest part or division of a column.

The shaft is the portion of a column between the

base and the capital.
The capital comprises the uppermost elements of
a column. While capitals differ according to the
classical order.

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Difference B/W Column & Pillar

However, whereas a pillar does not necessarily have a

load-bearing function, a column is a vertical structural
member that is intended to transfer a compressive load.
For example, a column might transfer loads from a ceiling,
floor, or roof slab, or from a beam, to a floor or
foundations.
 Greek architectural orders

An architectural order describes a style of building. In Classical architecture, each order is

readily identifiable by means of its proportions and profiles as well as by various aesthetic
details. The style of column employed serves as a useful index of the style itself, so identifying
the order of the column will then, in turn, situate the order employed in the structure as a whole.
The classical orders—described by the labels Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—do not merely serve
as descriptors for the remains of ancient buildings but as an index to the architectural and
aesthetic development of Greek architecture itself.
 Doric

The Doric order is the earliest of the three Classical

orders of architecture
The Doric order is characterized by a plain,
unadorned column capital and a column that rests
directly on the stylobate of the temple without a base.
The Doric order emerged on the Greek mainland
during the course of the late seventh century BCE and
remained the predominant order for Greek temple
construction through the early fifth century BCE,
although notable buildings built later in the Classical
period—especially the canonical Parthenon in Athens
—still employed it.

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 Ionic

As its names suggests, the Ionic order originated in Ionia, a coastal region of
central Anatolia—today Turkey—where a number of ancient Greek settlements
were located. Volutes, scroll-like ornaments, characterize the Ionic capital,
and a base supports the column, unlike the Doric order. The Ionic order
developed in Ionia during the mid-sixth century BCE and had been transmitted
to mainland Greece by the fifth century BCE.


The Ionic order is notable for its graceful proportions,

which produce a more slender and elegant profile than
the Doric order. The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius
compared the Doric module to a sturdy, male body, while
the Ionic was possessed of more graceful, feminine
proportions.

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 Corinthian

The Corinthian order is both the latest and the most

elaborate of the Classical orders of architecture. This
order was employed in both Greek and Roman
architecture with minor variations and gave rise, in turn,
to the Composite order. As the name suggests, the origins
of the order were connected in antiquity with the Greek
city-state of Corinth, where, according to the
architectural writer Vitruvius, the sculptor Callimachus
drew a set of acanthus leaves surrounding a votive
basket
The Corinthian order is the most elegant of the
five orders. Its distinguishing characteristic is
the striking capital, which is carved with two
staggered rows of stylized acanthus leaves
and four scrolls. The shaft has 24 sharp-edged
flutes, while the column is 10 diameters high.
 Multiple Choice
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. In architecture the capital is ...

a. the uppermost part of a column c. the building of structures

from individual units
b. a vertical curved structure d. Main City of an Empire

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 2. Which is not considered as Classical Order

a. Doric c. Ionic

b. Mediterranean d. Corinthian

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 3. Which is the most decorative Column

a. Doric c. Ionic

b. Composite d. Corinthian

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4. Which column has been used in Parthenon Temple

a. Doric c. Ionic

b. Composite d. Corinthian

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Thankyou

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