Robin have red breasts; men don’t cry.

A. Hasty Generalization
B. Ad Ignorantium
C. Ad Hominem
D. Bandwagon
ANS. A
Hasty Generalization - type of inductive reasoning – conclusions made through insufficient
evidence

Ad Hominem – pointing out a negative characteristic to support

one’s argument

“Bandwagon Approach” sometimes called Appeal to Popularity. EXAMPLE “It must be cool
because everyone is doing it…
“90 percent of computer users choose Macs”

Ad misericordiam (Appeal to Pity) - appealing to someone’s

emotions in order to distract them from the truth.

Dyslexia- reading disorder

Dysgraphia- writing disorder
Dyscalcula- numbers/calculating disorder

3. It consists of high frequency words that occur across the variety of domains. That is, these
words occur often in mature language situations such as adult conversations and literature, and
therefore strongly influence speaking and reading.
A. Tier 1
B. Tier 2
C. Tier 3
D. Tier 4

tier 1 basic words

tier 2 high frequency
tier 3 low frequency (content words)

The effect of a test has on teaching in the classroom is called ___________.

A. proficiency
B. wash back
C. feedback
Washback- what was assessed became what was taught.

“Rome was not built in a day!”

A. always on the move
B. accept and bear consequences of your own doings
C. great things require time and effort
D. hatred between forgiven two parties

What does the 'desk' refer to?

A. Group of publisher
B. Language experts
C. Skillful encoders
 D. Corps/body of editors

The teacher including The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd in discussing The Passionate Shepherd
to his Love can very well include in the discussion the literary concept known as_____
a. Parody
b. Free verse
c. Tone
d. Iambic foot

Blow, blow, thou winter wind,

Thou are not so unkind as man's ingratitude
a. allusion
b. apostrophe
c. personification
d. metaphor

“Not often in the story of mankind does a man arrive on earth who is both steel and velvet, who is
as hard as rock and soft as drifting fog, who holds in his heart and mind the paradox of terrible
storm and peace unspeakable and perfect.” In the above lines, the poet Carl Sandburg mentions
Abraham Lincoln’s
A. Achievement
B. Leadership
C. Discipline
D. Enthusiasm

What modality is used in the sentence Marvin is probably at school now?

A. Deontologic
B Epistimolgic
C. Epistemic
D. Ontodologic

The tone of the phrase “Forgive me for violating my student’s individual personhood” is ___
A. respectful
B. optimistic
C. sarcastic

Paolo is terribly on edge. What does ON EDGE mean?

A. Shrewd
B. Unprepared
C. Eager
D. Nervous

In the book’ The Lord of the Rings’, who or what is Bilbo Baggins?
a. man
b. hobbit
c. wizard
d. dwarf
Which is experienced by a speaker when the" tip of the tongue “phenomenon in finding difficulty
in what word to say occurs?
A. Anomia
B. Acquired dyslexia
C. Jargon Aphasia
D. Aphasia
Anomia is the inability to name objects or to recognize the written or spoken names of objects

Which time of the day is expressed in the given line ?

"An hour before the worship sun peered forth the golden window of the east ."
A. Dusk
B. Dawn
C. Sunrise
D. Sunset

In "The Cask of Amontillado”, what did by Edgar A. Poe meant with, "A wrong is underdressed
when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally underdressed when the avenger fails to make
himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong?"

A. Might makes right. The ends must justify the means.

B. If you rectify something, you should not get in trouble for doing so.
C. We should learn to forgive and forget and not be concerned about revenge.
D. Performing acts of revenge can justify a wrongful act.

What figure of speech is used in this line:

Twenty sails came into the Manila harbor today.

A. Synecdoche
B. Metonymy
C. Metaphor
D. Simile

Using the story "the monkeys Paw" by W. W Jacob, which symbolism do you highlight?

A. Courage and Power

B. Desire and greed
C. Battles and Struggles
D. Fantasy and Reality
Ans. B… The monkey's paw is a symbol of desire and greed—everything that its owner could
possibly wish for and the unrestricted ability to make it happen. This power makes the paw
alluring, even to unselfish people who desire nothing and have everything they need

“Things that are beautiful have a way of hurting. I destroy when I feel hurt.” What does Fabian’s
thoughts reveal about his character?

A. bitter B. goal-oriented C. persistent D. vindictive

“Soledad nodded. Her eyes followed her husband down the road, noting the fine set of his head
and shoulders, the ease of his stride. A strange ache rose in her throat.” Which emotion best
describes Soledad’s feelings in this excerpt from Latorena’s The Small Key?
A. fervent desire
B. instinctive suspicion
C. discomfort from sore throat
D. twinge of sadness

Based on Zues plan _ comes from suffering

A. The consolation of death
B. The ecstasy of truth
C. The certainty of more suffering
D. Understanding and progress

The “mast head” refers to the.

a. Head of the newspaper publisher
b. Leading reporter of the newspaper
c. Name of the newspaper
d. Editorial of the newspaper

The last step in the application of Situational Language Teaching is.

a. Elicitation
b. Question-answer drilling
c. Correction
d. Substitution drilling

Who is considered as the herald and messenger of the Olympian Gods?

a. Prometheus
b. Procusteus
c. Hermes
d. Zeus

Which is an appropriate alternative point of view to traditional media?

a. Beat
b. Hyperlocal
c. Tabloid
d. Blogs

In the Egyptian short story, “The Two Brothers”, what were the names of the two brothers?
a. Rama and Sita
b. Anpu and Bata
c. Ntio and Ki
d. Dianqu and Sulta

Give the BEST explanation for the metaphorical lines: “The car is a glutton for gasoline.”
a. Eat all you can
b. Speeding eats up a lot of gas
c. Riding in tandem
d. High expensive for fuels gas
Which Bronte writer authored “Jane Eyre”?
A. Charlotte
B. Emily
C. Cristina
D. Anne

“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”

expressed the philosophy of
a. Spencer
b. Elliot
c. Keats
d. Tennyson

What is the biggest hindrance in learning a second language?

A. grammar
B. structure of language
C. imagery
D. cross-cultural issues

Teachers allow students to explain their answers in dialects. This is an approach on

______.
a. Multilingual level
b. Bilingual level
c. Dialectic level
d. Monolingual level

Audiolingualism is a new language teaching approach that mainly focuses on _______.

A. Syntax
B. Structure
C. Reading
D. Pronunciation

Arrange the historical development of drama chronologically.

1. Renaissance 2. Ancient Greek
3. Middle Ages 4. Roman Empire
a. 4-1-3-2
b. 2-4-3-1
c. 2-3-1-4
d. 1-2-3-4

What function does a “persona” take in a poem?

A. author
B. speaker
C. reader
D. editor
ANS. B The Speaker is the Persona

The following Filipino customs are reflected in “Why Women Wash the Dishes” by Filomena N.
Colendrino EXCEPT:
A. bayanihan
B. quack doctor
C. crab mentality
D. meddling of neighbors
Ans. C Crab MEntality

Who is considered as the master of short story writing?

A. Edgar Allan Poe
B. Leo Tolstoy
C. Jose Rizal
D. Rudyard Kipling

Southern American poet, novelist and literary critic Robert

Penn Warren wrote “All the King’s Men” in 1946. The novel
won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. On what is the book’s
title based?
A. A verse in the nursery rhyme “Humpty Dumpty”
B. William Shakespeare’s play “Richard III”
C. Oscar Wilde’s short story “The Young King”
D. Joyce Kilmer’s poem “Kings”

What is the term for a word adopted from another language?”

A. second language
B. donor language
C. loanword
D. crossword

In terms of verb form, which does not belong to the group?

A. buy
B. put
C. hurt
D. cut

In which word should /t/ be pronounced as fast /d/?

A. football
B. butter
C. internet
D. buffet

Which of the following would be a technique that implements logos?

A. Using pictures of a hurt child
B. Including research
C. Having someone credible who agrees with you
D. Making people laugh

This governing body in language banned any existing or future debates on language origin in
1866.
A. Linguistic Society of Paris
B. American Psychological Association
C. Modern Language Association
D. International Phonetic Alphabet
The acronym ‘AP’ which is commonly seen in newspapers as sources of stories or photos stands
for what?
A. Araling Panlipunan
B. American Psychology
C. Associated Press
D. Assistant Professor

In dialectology, what is the line on a map called which divides areas with different forms of a
word?
A. Isobar
B. Isogloss
C. Isotherm
D. Isomer
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature,
such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or
syntactic feature.
The code word for the end/no more at the end of a reporter's piece was
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
Ans. C
Some say the mark began during a time when stories were submitted via telegraph, with "-30-"
denoting "the end" in Morse code. ... Others claim the "-30-" comes from a time when stories
were written in longhand — X marked the end of a sentence, XX the end of a paragraph and
XXX meant the end of a story.

In short, -30- means “the end.” It's used to indicate that a press release doesn't continue,
particularly at a page break. The code word for the end/no more at the end of a reporter's piece
was 30. In the world of journalism, Write 30 means declare the end of something

Asyndeton is:
a. a similar device that repeats several related words rather than the same one
b. the normal list form
c. the absence of any conjunctions
d. a type of polysyndeton

The frivolous, illustrated books used in school are the kibyoshi or:
A. red covers
B. blue covers
C. green covers
D. yellow covers
Ans. D yellow cover
Kibyōshi means a yellow cover, referring to a genre of Japanese picture books for adults.

Elections coverage is an example of:

A. Periodical broadcast
B. Broadcast journalism
C. Routine story
D. Dateline story

Which statement would someone refusing to take revenge likely utter?

a. "an eye for an eye"
b. "that is murder"
c. "justice delayed is justice denied"
d. "do not take the law into your hand"

Don't fool me. I was not born yesterday.

a. Not stupid
b. Can't be outwitted
c. Not ignorant

The thief was caught red-handed with the iPad

a. caught in the act
b. caught about to steal the iPad
c. caught and arrested

The dye is cast. - Buo na ang desisyon.

A. Modulation
B. Cultural equivalence
C. Lexical synonymy
D. Functional equivalence

The press is referred to as the Fourth Estate because it:

A. Is a powerful political force
B. Is an adversary of government
C. Checks all branches of government
D. Acts as the fourth branch of government

1. Raul S. Manglapus once said:

I have done this against the advice of a friend. He felt that since I would speak of Filipino movies.
I should instead begin by making you cry. Which Filipino character is demonstrated in his
speech?
A. "Kanya-kanya syndrome
B. "Hiya"
C. "Palakasan at pataasan culture"
D. "Utang na loob"

“Amanuensis” originally meant _________.

A. a female warrior
B. a slave with secretarial duties
C. coarse herbs including pigweeds
D. deterioration of sight

Bad men live that they may eat and drink whereas good men eat and drink that they may live
A. Chiasmus
B. Parralellism
C. Tautology
D. Tautophony
identify the poem from which the following lines are taken:
A violet by a mossy stone
Half-hidden from the eye!
Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.

a. Ozymandias
b. She Walks in Beauty
c. She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
d. Break, Break, Break
Ans. C
She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways by WILLIAM WORDSWORTH

____ on the MTRCB to take action.

a. Whenever television is denounced by viewers for its violence, they call
b. Whenever television is denounced for its violence, viewers call
c. Whenever viewers denounce television for its violence, they call
d. Whenever a denunciation of television is voiced, they call

Sappho is regarded as
A. A model of women in Greece
B. A very passionate poet
C. The greatest woman poet of antiquity
D. The leader of women in Lesbos

Known as the goddess of Philippine poetry

A. Susan Lara
B. Ophelia Dimalanta
C. Marian VIllanueva

If you were to prepare a visual material, which color will you use for the letters if the background
color is light blue?
A. dark green
B. light yellow
C. black
D. brown

Which is considered as a major stumbling block for would-be writers?

A. Lack of time B. Lack of resources
C. Lack of confidence D. Lack of training

Marky received his paper with the mark 5 before the sentence "We will reap victory! What does
the teacher want Mark to do?
A. Move 5 spaces to the left B. Use 5 single spaces
C. Insert 5 spaces D. Indent 5 spaces

In Chinese drama, which principal role referred to us by the clown or a jester who is not
necessarily a fool and may also do serious or evil character?
A. chau
B. sheng
C. ching
D. tau

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

A. Polysyndeton
B. Polypton
C. Asydeton
D. Aphorism
Ca. D Aphorism
Ca. Aphorism is a wisdom of literature

Throw in the towel means ___________.

a. forget the whole thing
b. keep the issue hanging
c. admit defeat
d. hold in abeyance

Artisan who forged cannons for the use of the Spaniards:

a. The Panday Pira
b. The Cry of the Philippines
c. The Real Leader
d. The Filipino Leader

Which poem of Walter Scott has stirring narrative in verse ,superb description of the wild and
historic places and complete medievalism?
a. Lochinvar
b. Boat song
c. soldier rest
d. Lay of the Last Minstrel

Polysyndeton is a rhetorical device using repetitions of the same _____.

a. preposition
b. conjunction
c. verb
d. vowel sound

Who said I have but one life to give and I am willing to give it to my country, not everyone is
given this change?
A. Jose Rizal
B. Corazon Aquino
C. Ferdinand Marcos
D. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

In teaching declamation, a teacher should point out that the delivery is marked by strong feelings
but free from______
a. gestures
b. histrionics
c. movements
d. emotions
HISTRIONICS means
Exaggerated crying, unnecessary yelling, and overdone gestures are all examples of histrionics.
Unlike real emotional reactions, histrionics are fake and intended to manipulate others.

Why is THE NAKED AND THE DEAD written by Norman Mailer considered as one of the
finest novels written in America since WORLD WAR II?

a. It portrayed the limitations of radicalism, honor, virtue in the modem world

b. It has documentary style, directness, band reality
c. It was a true picture of World War II
d. It was from his military experiences
ANS. D
The Naked and the Dead is a 1948 novel by Norman Mailer. It was partly based on his
“experiences” with the 112th Cavalry Regiment during the Philippines Campaign in World War
II. It was adapted into a film of the same name in 1958. This novel was Mailer's first best seller,
published when he was 25 years old; it was the first popular novel about World War II.

It is the large heading giving the publication or paper’s name on the front page.
A. Name Plate
B. Masthead
C. Slug Line
D. Printer’s Direction

What do you call the FIRST PARAGRAPH of a news story?

A. Head
B. Lead
C. Cut
D. Slug

In which sentence does the word "well" function as adverb?

A. The well serves as water source for the whole village.
B. A well-written resume is an edge over other applicants.
C. The president's speech during the SONA was well-
applauded.
D. The teachers are pleased to see that the students
are behaving well during the accreditation visit

Whose car is parked in front of the building? The word WHOSE is?
A. noun
B. pronoun
C. adjective
D. adverb

Irving Stone’s ‘Lust for Life’ was rejected sixteen times, with one rejection stating ‘a long, dull,
novel about an artist’. Which artist did the book feature?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. John Noble
C. Michelangelo
D. Vincent Van Gogh

Which among these words has the voiceless [th] sound?

A. The
B. Myth
C. Bathe
D. Gather

Rubric as a measuring instrument that is best use in assessing _

A. Sentence structure
B. Oral recitation
C. Multiple choice test
D. Dictation test

America’s greatest humorist

A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Washington Irving
C. Mark Twain
D. Samuel Clemens

He is Edmond Rostand’s famous character who is a poet and a soldier noted for his peculiar nose.
a. Roxanne
b. Ichabod
c. Don Quixote
d. Cyrano de Bergerac

“If eyes are made for seeing, then

beauty is its own excuse for being”-
is taken from the poem’

a. The Bells
b. Don juan
c. Sonnet
d. Rhodora

In the old English poem, “Dream of the Road” pagan and Christian images were used to depict
the Christian teachings. Which is NOT a part of the pagan imagery?
a. Symbol of true
b. Death of the Hero
c. Crucifixion as a battle
d. Christ as a Warriors

Which of the following statements has a noun clause?

a. My mother told me that you knew where to find the best caterer in town.
b. The much-awaited performance which was postponed several times finally came.
c. Mrs. Romero is the speech trainer who first taught me how to give a good impromptu
speech.
d. When do you expect to meet the new members of our dance troupe?

Which time of the day is expressed in the given lines?

“An hour before the worshipped sun
Peered forth the golden window of the east.
a. Sunset
b. Sunrise
c. Dawn
d. Dusk

In Langston Hughe’s poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”, the African persona mentioned the
great rivers of Asia and Africa to talk about the culture heritage and history of the African
people. Why is the use of this imagery effective?
a. The famed Tigris and Euphrates rivers are located in Central Asia.
b. Ancient civilization flourished near bodies of water like the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates.
c. The famous Nile and Congo rivers are located in Africa.
d. The earth’s surface is composed of 70% water and there are a lot of bodies of water in Africa
and Asia.

In Jane Austen’s “Pride and prejudice”, why is Mrs. Bennet so determined to arrange good
marriage for her five daughters because?
a. The law dictates that only a son can inherit the Bennet family fortune.
b. She believes her daughter deserve to have a good fortune.
c. Marrying them off to good families means financial security for them.
d. She wants all her daughters to be happy.

The word gospel is derived from the Greek word that means
A. Holy word
B. Good News
C. Law of God
D. Message of God

The Master said:

“Only one who bursts with eagerness do I instruct.
Only one who bubbles with excitement do I enlighten.”
These lines give one the idea that true learning_________.

A. makes man a disciple of instruction

B. involves patience and a dash of lethargy
C. is capable of making a nation
D. comes with commitment and passion.

What figure of speech is present in this popular line by Alexander Pope: “To err is human, to
forgive, is divine.”
A. irony
B. anaphora
C. antithesis
D. alliteration

The politician is witty speaker but he beats around the bush too much.
A. speaks emotionally
B. away from the public
C. avoids the main topic
D. keeps on talking

1. Jose refused to take sleeping pills that might stupefy him.

A. rigid
B. dull
C. illusionary
D. make numb

2. I admire his terse style of writing; he comes directly to the point.

A. better
B. dull
C. illusionary
D. concise

3. His parsimonious nature did not permit him to enjoy any luxury and relaxation.
A. frustrating
B. distinct
C. stingy
D. vulnerable

4. What figure of speech is used. "Her smile is as mysterious as Mona Lisa’s.

A. Metaphor
B. Synecdoche
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole

5. What figure of speech is used. “The flowers dance in the garden."

A. Metaphor
B. Personification
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole

1. The starting point of teaching is______?

A. Consider the classroom
B. Knowing the nature of the learner
C. Consider the subject matter
D. Knowing the environment

2. How is "assessment for learning" different from assessment of learning?

A. It is for determining the grades.
B. It is for enhancing the learner
C. It is for rating class performance
D. It is for determining class standing

3. Which pillar of learning aimed in the acquisition of the instrument of understanding in order to
develop the students learn-to-learn skills?
A. Learning to do
B. Learning to live together
C. Learning to know
D. learning to be

4. To obtain well-thought out answer, which questioning behavior helps?

A. Involving as many as possible
B. Allowing sufficient time
C. Asking open ended question
D. Asking non directed question
5. Integrity means wholeness. The bully lacks integrity in the sense that he/she looks at the world
only in terms of _____.
A. popularity
B. power
C. material wealth
D. pleasure

What figure of speech is used. "Her smile is as mysterious as Mona Lisa’s.

A. Metaphor
B. Synecdoche
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole

What figure of speech is used. “The flowers dance in the garden."

A. Metaphor
B. Personification
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole

Personification – giving human quality to inanimate objects or abstract things.

What figure of speech is used. The crown prefers taxes from the underlings to support his
expenses.
A. Metaphor
B. Personification
C. Oxymoron
D. Metonymy
Ans. D Metonymy – consists in the naming of a thing by one of its attributes.

What figure of speech is used. "Many squatters dream of roofs over their heads."
A. Metaphor
B. Synecdoche
C. Oxymoron
D. Metonymy

Ans. B Synecdoche – substituting a part for a whole, an individual for a class or a material for the
things.

What figure of speech is used. "Thanks a million".

A. Metaphor
B. Personification
C. Simile
D. Hyperbole

What figure of speech is used. "Ninoy, you’re not alone! "

A. Apostrophe
B. Synecdoche
C. Oxymoron
D. Metonymy
ANS. A... Apostrophe – An address to (a) dead person as though he were alive; (b) an
Absent person as though he were present, © an inanimate object as though it were animate.

What figure of speech is used. "She sells sea shells on the seashore.
A. Apostrophe
B. Synecdoche
C. Alliteration
D. Metonymy
Ans. A Alliteration – The use of repetition of a succession of initial consonant sounds.

In effective classroom management, the closure of a lesson is as important as its beginning.

Which statement is suggestive of effective management of closure
A. That's all for today, Good bye
B. There's the bell, get ready for home
C. Our time is over; you are responsible for all the problems we did not finish today
D. Before we end, let us look at what we learned today

1. Which program for school staff members and teachers was conducted to better match students
with their aptitude and career interests?

A. Project Effective and Affordable Secondary Education (EASE)

B. Revitalized Homeroom Guidance Program (RHGP)
C. School Based Education (SBB)
D. Thinking Skills Development for Maximized Cognitive Performance (TSD.
MCP)

2. Which was the Secondary Education Curriculum that was implemented in 1989 to
replace the Revised Secondary Education Program (RSEP)?
A. Program for Decentralized Education (RSEP)
B. Secondary Education Development Program (PRODED)
C. New Secondary Education Curriculum (NSEC)
D. Revised Secondary Education Curriculum (RSEC)

3. In the K-12 curriculum, to which does the basic education refer?

A. 6 years of primary school and four years of junior high school
B. 4 years of junior high school, 7 years of primary education and 2 years of senior high school
C. 2 years of junior high school, years of senior high school and 6 years of primary education
D. 6 years of elementary education, 4 years of junior high school and 2 years of senior high
school

Which one has the correct stress?

A. ceremoNy
B. cereMony
C. Ceremony
D. ceRemony
Ans. C
How many morphemes are there in transportation?
A. 1
B. 2
C.. 3
D. 4
Ans. D 🎊 🎀 🎊

Most textbooks cater to the needs of the_____.

A. average learners
B. slow learners
C. bright learners
D. special learners

Complete the verbal analogy below. Greek: Hades: Egyptian:______

A. Thot
B. Cairo
C. Duat
D. Sphinx
Ans. C 🎊 🎀 🎊
In ancient Egyptian mythology, the Duat is the underworld or the realm of the dead.

Psalm 1 helps us see things in ultimate perspective - the prosperity of the wicked is fleeting, for
they are like chaff.
A. that is cheap and rotten
B. blown away by the wind
C. that vanishes into thin air
D. without rhyme and reason
Ans. B shaff means rice cover or ipa

Which is not one of the reasons why it is important for English teachers to know how to evaluate
English instructional materials production?
A. Teachers are able to use the materials properly and effectively.
B. Teachers are able to identify the needs of learners.
C. Writing English instructional materials is time consuming.
D. Not all books are error-free.

Which tree is particularly sacred to Zeus?

A. oak
B. laurel
C. olive
D. cypress
Ans. A 🥰🥰🥰Sacred Trees, Sacred to Zeus
Oak Tree Oak tends to be a very sturdy and strong material, symbolizing Zeus as stable and
protective. The great significance of the Oak is that it is the centerpiece of his oracle at Dodona in
Epirus,

Which instructional procedure makes use of children's language and experience?

A. Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA)
B. Language Experience Approach (LEA)
C. Suggestopedia
D. The Silent Way
Ans. B
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH (LEA)
→is a whole language approach that promotes reading and writing through the use of personal
experiences and oral language
A report writing which states the official results in the meeting is termed as
A. general survey
B. meeting minutes
C. progress report
D. feasibility report

Which of the following sentences contains a predicate nominative?

A. The trip will be a risk.
B. Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
C. Sam drove carefully along the highway.
D. The population of the world is increasing very fast.
Ans. A 🥰 🥰 🥰

Predicate Nominative - a noun or a pronoun that follows a linking verb and identifies the subject
or refers to it.
Example
Michael's dog is a Jack Russell.

●Encoding- the process of selecting and organizing a message

●Breakdown- a lack of communication; a failure to exchange messages
• Channel- the way in which they communicate. Could be note, conversation, text, email
• Some channels take more time than others
●Sometimes multiple channels are good
●Decoding- the process of interpreting a message
●Receiver- person receiving the message
• Interference- also called barriers; numerous factors that hinder the communication process
• Feedback- a receiver's response to a sender's message.

The first step of the communication process model is when the sender encodes the message and
selects channel and transmits the message. The receiver then decodes the message and in return
encodes feedback and selects the channel to transmit back to the sender. The sender and receiver
must learn to deal with the numerous factors that hinder the communication process. These
factors are referred to as interference. The must blocks out any interference to avoid any
breakdowns the communication.

He is the most intelligent among Archie's friends. He is an extremely brilliant child but cannot
converse on any subject apart from his experiments, inventions, and calculations.
A. Obelix
B. Jughead
C. Richie Rich
D. Dilton Doiley
ANS. D Dilton Doiley is a fictional character in the Archie Comics universe. He is considered the
smartest teenager in Riverdale High School.

Which of the following sentences violates the 'inversion of the verb' rule?
A. Can you tell me what time it is?
B. I don't know who those people are.
C. Do you know where Tom has gone?
D. Do you know why did she leave early?
Which of the following sentences does not contain a direct object?
A. Our cat caught a mouse.
B. Ben cried in her room last night.
C. Tina ate apples and bananas.
D. Mar forgot her keys inside the car.
Ans. B
Options ACD contains a direct object only option C doesn't

These are strings of multiple complete sentences without sufficient punctuation to make them
readable.
A. binomials
B. faulty parallelisms
C. run-on sentences
D. sentence fragments
Ans. C 🎊 🎀 🎊
Run-on Sentences - two or more complete sentences (ie, independent clauses) that are not
properly joined or separated.

In the communication process, any observable response sent by the receiver of the message to the
sender is called
A. signal
B. reaction
C. gesture
D. feedback
Ans. D Feedback
-The last element of effective communication, feedback, describes the receiver's response or
reaction to the sender's message. The receiver can transmit feedback through asking questions,
making comments or just supporting the message that was delivered. Feedback helps the sender
to determine how the receiver interpreted the message and how it can be improved.

It is a debatable position on a topic.

A. plea
B. petition
C. claim
D. counterclaim
Ans. C Your claim

Which of the following sentences explains that the speaker ate fruit - not vegetables, meat, or
cheese?
A. I ate fruit only.
B. I only ate fruit.
C. I ate only fruit.
D. Only I ate fruit.

PLACEMENT OF MODIFIERS
→ the modifier "only" needs to be closer to the word, phrase, or clause it modifies to avoid
confusion

What illegal practice is discussed in William Shakespeare's comedy 'The Merchant of Venice'?
A. usury
B. prostitution
C. gambling
D. land grabbing

Ans. A usury 🥰🥰🥰

Usury, the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans intended to unfairly enrich
the lender

In preparing the goals and objectives of the English curriculum, it is necessary to make a list of
what learners
A. should do as citizens in a democratic country
B. do in make-believe situations
C. are expected to do in school
D. are required to do in real world
Ans. D
According to Lee & Van Patten, 2003:
→ Using the language to interpret and express real-life messages should be a main focus of
language instruction.

When someone pressures or forces you to do something or allow something even though you do
not want to, you_____
A. put on
B. come off
C. give in
D. figure out
Ans. C… To give in →is to finally agree to what someone wants, after refusing for a period of
time. Example: He nagged me so much for a new bike that eventually I gave in.

A(n) adverb or a preposition, or both. verb is a verb that is made up of a main verb together with
an _
A. modal
B. phrasal
C. linking
D. auxiliary
Ans. B Phrasal verb
→ phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, as in break down,
or a preposition, for example see to, or a combination of both, such as look down on

The car coughed, groaned, and winked its lights.

What figure of speech is at play here?
A. simile
B. personification
C. metaphor
D. hyperbole
Ans….B Only humans coughs, groan and wink 😉

Marshall McLuhan originated the concept of

A. global village
B. development journalism
C. video conferencing
D. interactive media
Ans. A 🥰 🥰 🥰
■ Marshall McLuhan, once referred to as the "Oracle of the Electronic Age", is perhaps best
known for his phrase turned into book title, "The Medium is the Massage"

He coined the phrase 'the global village', referring to the apparently irresistible spread of
electronic forms of communication. The raw material of thinking is?

A. symbols
B. semantics
C. man
D. child
Ans. A Symbols
A symbol is an object or an act that stands for something else.
Letters and words are symbols.
Mental images are symbols.
Symbols help us think about things that are not present.

The quest for____ is the bedrock of organized religion.

A. safety
B. belief
C. immortality
D. organization
Ans. C. Immortality
→ is eternal life
→ is the indefinite continuation of a person's existence, even after death

To __ is to make ashamed; to embarrass.

A. abdicate
B. abate
C. abhor
D. abash
Ans. D 🎊 🎀 🎊
To abash means to embarrass someone or to make him/her feel uncomfortable

Which of the following can a teacher use to teach the idea that there is a range of meaning
between opposite words?
A. cline
B. matching
C. context clues
D. chamber theater
Ans. A 🥰 🥰 🥰
Clinel/klain/- A cline is a scale of language items that goes from one extreme to another, for
example, from positive to negative, or from weak to strong.

In pronouncing the word characterization, on which syllable is the primary stress placed?
A. second
B. third
C. fourth
D. fifth
E. sixth
Ans. D fifth CharacteriZAtion
Which book of the Bible teaches that there will never be an explanation of human suffering
especially undeserved suffering that human intelligence can comprehend?
A. Exodus
B. Job
C. Genesis
D. Revelation
Ans. B The book of Job explores the difficult question of God's relationship to human suffering,
and invites us to trust God's wisdom and character.

The Chinese nationalist diplomat and scholar who in 1922 helped establish the vernacular
Chinese or báihuà as China's official written language.

A. Po Chu-l
B. Hu Shih
C. Hung Shen
D. Liang Chenyu
Ans. B Hu Shih 胡適
→is widely regarded as one of the most important Chinese intellectuals of the 20th century
As such, he is known as the "Father of the Chinese Renaissance

A coastal body of water connected to the ocean and supplied with fresh water from a river is a(n)
A. river
B. atoll
C. spit
D. estuary
You sent
Ans. D 🎊 🎀 🎊 An estuary
→is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean
→When freshwater and seawater combine, the water becomes brackish, or slightly salty.

20. Ralph Waldo Emerson once said: "A little knowledge is a dangerous

A. act
B. mind
C. endeavor
D. thing
Ans. D

In Nick Joaquin's short story May Day Eve, what is the technique used by the author in
developing the plot?

A. flashback
B. telescoping
C. foreshadowing
D. stream of consciousness
Ans. A 🥰🥰🥰
Nick Joaquin used flashback to give rise to the happenings in the past. He used this to portray the
tragic love story of Agueda and Badoy, and how passion for each other resulted in their ruined
message.

Writers carefully choose descriptive words and images to evoke a feeling, or __, in their writing.
A. mood
B. sense
C. attitude
D. scene
Ans. A🥰🥰🥰
• MOOD is the atmosphere or feeling that a literary work conveys to readers.
All of the elements of a story contribute to the mood of a story. Mood is created through:
-Setting
-Characters actions
-Images, descriptions
-Word choice

A word or phrase preceding or following a name which serves to describe the character in
literature.
A. Hamartia
B. Hubris
C. Epigraph
D. Epithet

A purification of emotions in literature or art.

A. Catharsis
B. Colloquialism
C. Vernacular
D. Verisimilitude

Wise saying, proverbs, short memorable saying that expresses a truth and is handed from
generation to next.
A. Aphorism
B. Analogy
C. Adage
D. Aside

A mild word or phrase which substitutes for another which would be undesirable because it is too
direct, unpleasant, or offensive.
A. Euphemism
B. Genre
C. Point of view
D. Picaresque Novel

The emotional content of a word means.

A. Connotation
B. Figurative Language
C. Denotation
D. Epic

It is otherwise known as RUNOVER. It is a headline for a story that is continued from one page
to another.
A. Box story
B. Umbrella headline
C. Running story
D. Jump Head
It is a type of article specifically written to present facts and events using language understanding
to grassroots level.
A. News Story
B. Editorial
C. Feature Story
D. Lola Bashang Story

Telegrams, newspapers, and magazines are examples of ____________ media.

A. electronic
C. mechanical
B. representational
D. presentational

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for unlocking difficulty?

A. Context clues
C. Word games
B. Gesturing
D. Pictures

Apart from drills, what other activities can a teacher make use to develop accuracy among the
learners?
A. Small group discussion
C. Mini-dialogues
B. Dyads
D. Games

The literature of the earlier medieval ages reflected clearly the life and civilization of a Heroic
Age. The primary virtues emphasized were __________________.

A. valor and honestly

C. valor and loyalty
B. honestly and truthfulness
D. loyalty and truthfulness

According to Aristotle's poetic, which is the most important of the six constituent elements of
tragedy?
A. Spectacle
B. Language
C. Plot
D. Character

What is this theory that states, "the structure of person's language influences non-linguistic
activity and the persons view of reality"?
A. Boasian tradition
C. Chomsky's linguistic theory
B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
D. Hyme's context

Bloomfieldian structuralists view language as a/an ________________ over-learned response,

mastered by imitation and reinforcement.
A. act
B. performance
C. habit
D. drill

Who distinguished "good and "standard" English?

A. Chomsky
B. Halliday
C. Saussure
D. Krapp

2. __________________ is the root of structuralism.

A. Philosophy
C. Natural sciences
B. Anthropology
D. Social sciences

This refers to the places, occasions, or institutions where language is used.

A. Schools
B. Domain
C. Government
D. Region

It is a study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation, and study of different styles.
A. Semantics
B. Stylistics
C. Syntactic
D. Collocation

It is a narrative poem depicting a peaceful, idealized country scene.

A. Ode
B. Idyll
C. Sonnet
D. Burlesque

Organizing the materials so that it is clear to the learners is referred to as:

A. Balancing
B. Structuring
C. Elaborating
D. Sequencing

20. The study of language related to everyday life, notably language policies, planning and
education.
a. historical language
b. pragmatics
c. sociolinguistics
d. applied linguistics

18. The study of language change; also known as historical linguistics.

a. evolutionary linguistics
c. bio linguistics
b. developmental linguistics
d. diachronic linguistics

9. The study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences.

a. syntax
b. discourse analysis
c. language
d. grammar

The study of grammatical forms, categories and parts of speech.

a. semantics
b. morphology
c. grammar
d. etymology

5. Deals exclusively with language or the human text/written texts:

a. phonemics
b. philology
c. lexicography
d. phonetics

1. The expression of emotions and ideas between human beings by means of speech and hearing.
a. language
b. linguistics
c. communication
d. grammar

1. The study of the physical aspects of sounds of human language.

a. phonology
b. morphology
c. phonetics
d. phonemics

5. ________ is a bill that prohibits the physical and humiliating form of punishment to the
children and just recently, our President rejected to sign the said bill.

A. Child and Youth Welfare Code

B. Anti - Palo Bill
C. Children’s Emergency Relief and Protection Bill
D. Republic Act 7610

Liza is not a pariah to be shunned and ostracized.

A. citizen
B. parishioner
C. outcast
D. benefactor

All is well that ends well. The hatchet is buried as the dye is cast.
A. The action is done and every feeling is forgiven as it is forgotten.
B. the weapon is buried
C. judgment is given
D. in serious trouble

“The modern heroes are understandable products of one’s literary heritage and the present world.
Heroes of the present are prototypes of the society in which they flourish. This means?
A. Heroes are alike, modern and classical
B. Modern society affects the modern literary heroes
C. Literature has heroes who represent the people, race and times
D. Modern heroes are the embodiment of the society’s values

2. What utterance shows determination?

A. This time, I have not made my mind
B. This time I won’t stop schooling
C. I have good news for you
D. What a shame, she came back

4. Which of the following quotations is the best example of aphorism?

A. “That is no country for old men”
B. “Out of the frying pan and into the fire
C. “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread”
D. “I fear thee, ancient mariner”

“I will take the road less travelled by and be condemned if necessary.” said one politician. His
decision shows __________?
A. regrets come before decision
B. decisions are made despite differences from the majority
C. decisions are made on the crossroads
D. regrets come after decisions

After all, has been said, the issue was a tempest in a teapot.
A. temperature dropped
B. simmered down
C. heated argument followed
D. boiled down to nothing

The evidence gathered against the racketeers incriminates some high government officials as
well.
A. exacerbate
B. accuse
C. intimidate
D. discriminate

2.“Never in World History was there a leaderless nation.” This passage means _________.
A. nations can survive without leaders
B. a leader is always born
C. leaders come and go
D. a leader fades away but another comes up

2. Pilar tasted a dose of her medicine.

A. suffered the consequences
B. tasted her glory
C. self medication
D. rewarded

The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.
A. mascular
B. clever
C. shriveled
D. wise and smart

He has the dubious distinction of being the lowest man in his class.
A. strange
B. satisfying
C. doubtful
D. existing

2. The study of patterns of a language’ s sounds.

a. phonology
b. phonetics
c. phone
d. phoneme

4. The study of speech sounds as mechanically produced, transmitted and received.

a. language
b. phonology
c. phonetics
d. philology

6. The study of the internal structure of words.

a. pragmatics
b. stylistics
c. syntax
d. morphology

8. The study of the meaning of words.

a. morphemics
b. grammar
c. lexicography
d. semantics

10. Who said: “ It is one thing to speak Latin, something else to speak grammatically.” ?
a. Lucretius
b. Varro
c. Quintillian
d. Plato

19. The study of the cognitive processes and representations underlying language use.
a. bio linguistics
b. evolutionary linguistics
c. stylistics
d. psycholinguistics
 Linguistics has its origin with the analysis of this written language.
a. Sanskrit
b. Greek
c. Chinese
d. Latin

Which type of chart is most suitable use if you show the relationship or chain of command in a
group or department?
A. Classification chart
C. Flow chart
B. Organizational chart
D. Time lines

A systematic representation of the correlation between all variables measured in a study is called
a ________________.
A. scatter gram
C. path analysis
B. correlation ratio
D. correlation matrix

A sound converted electronically into a numerical system to achieve better sounds reproduction is
called __________________.
A. Digital sound
C. Sound blaster
B. Electronic sound
D. Analog sound

The man was pulling the horse’s __.

A. Rain
B. Rind
C. Reign
D. Rein
Ans. D
Rein is the strap fastened to an animal (such as a horse or mule) by a bit, which allows a rider or
driver to control the animal. If you rule over something you may be said to reign over it.

Rule of Six is followed by Teacher Mary whenever she is creating her PowerPoint presentation.
Most likely, she will:
A. Limit her presentation to six slides with six sentences on each slide.
B. Identify six important points to discuss and use about six minutes to explain each point.
C. Have six lines on each slide and each line must not have more than six words.
D. Include six paragraphs presented in six slides.

Ans. C…The recommendation for the 6×6 rule is a maximum of six bullet points per slide with a
maximum of six words per bullet. There is a school of thought that there should only be one word
per bullet or 6 words per slide total

These two Presidents are responsible for the implementation of K-12 in the Philippines.
a. Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino
b. Joseph Estrada and Gloria Arroyo
c. Benigno Aquino III and Rodrigo Duterte
d. Gloria Arroyo and Benigno Aquino III
ANSWER: D - Gloria Arroyo & Benigno Aquino III

RATIONALIZATION:
President Gloria Arroyo signed the ASEAN Economic Integration agreement in 2008, which
required a K-12 system for all ASEAN countries. In 2012, President Benigno Aquino III signed
Republic Act of 10157 (Kindergarten Education Act) and in 2013, Republic Act 10533
(Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013), which added Kindergarten and Senior High School in
the Philippine educational system,

Education planned with a particular end in view is ?

a. Formal education
b. Informal education
c. Both a & b
d. None of a & b

Non formal education has?

a. Flexible rules of entry and exit
b. Rigid rules of entry and exit
c. Few rules of entry and exit
d. No rules of entry and exit

1. Education is derived from a Latin word ?

A. educate
b. educere
C. evolution
d. learning
ANSWER = b

2. Educere means ?
a. to draw out
b. to guide
c. to point
d. to help
ANSWER = a

3. “Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body” is the saying of?
A. Plato
b. Cohens
C. Aristotle
d. Dewey
ANSWER = C

4. The best definition of education is that it is?

A. preparation for life
B. getting knowledge
C. learning
D. growth resulting from experiences
ANSWER = D
5. Education according to john Dewey is?
a. preparation for life
b. getting knowledge
c. learning to do by doing
d. schooling
ANSWER = c

6. Which of the following is not the characteristic of education?

a. lifelong activity
b . Factual absorption
c . Formal and informal activities
d . Experiences of life
ANSWER = b

7. The basic source of educational objectives is?

a. human experience
b. Schools
c. educational psychology
d. professional organization
ANSWER = a

8. According to crow and crow the purpose of formal education is to?

a. make students more intelligent
b. make students active and constructive members of society
c. form definite opinions in the mind of students
d. create good name for the nation
ANSWER = b

9. Determining the aim of education is the responsibility of?

a. parents
b. teachers
c. students
d. society
ANSWER = d

10. The real goal of education should be?

a. securing a certificate
b. acquiring skills habits and knowledge
c. training to made a living
d. mastery of subject matter
ANSWER = b

11. Education planned with a particular end in view is?

a. Formal education
b. Informal education
c. Both a & b
d. None of a & b
ANSWER = a

12. Non formal education has?

a. Flexible rules of entry and exit
b. Rigid rules of entry and exit
c. Few rules of entry and exit
d. No rules of entry and exit
ANSWER = a

13. Formal education has?

a. Flexible rules of entry and exit
b. Rigid rules of entry and exit
c. few rules of entry and exit
d. No rules of entry and exit
ANSWER = b

14. Informal education has ?

a. Flexible rules of entry and exit
b. Rigid rules of entry and exit
c. few rules of entry and exit
d. No rules of entry and exit
ANSWER = d

15. The education confined to educational institution is ?

a. Informal education
b. Non formal education
c. Formal education
d. Learning
ANSWER = c

16. Education is imparted mostly by correspondence in ?

a. Informal education
b. Non formal education
c. Formal education
d. Technical education
ANSWER = b

17. Education is not pre planned in?

a. Informal education
b. Non formal education
c. Formal education
d. Both a and c
ANSWER = a

18. Informal education is?

a. Just schooling
b. Tine bound
c. Life long
d. Preplanned
ANSWER = c

19. What is the most important element of non-formal education?

a. Teacher
b. Student
c. Media
d. School
ANSWER = c

20. Which one is not the source of formal education?

a. School
b. Museum
c. Library
d. Home
ANSWER = d

21. Informal education is?

a. Planned
b. Incidental
c. Systematic
d. Arranged
ANSWER = b

22. Formal education has well defined?

a. Curriculum
b. System
c. Method
d. Approach
ANSWER = a

23. Which is not the element of educational process?

a. Aims
b. Curriculum
c. Evaluation
d. Motivation
ANSWER = d

24. The sum of curricular and co-curricular activities is?

a. Aim
b. Curriculum
c. Pedagogy
d. Summative evaluation
ANSWER = b

25. Pedagogy is concerned with ?

a. Aims
b. Content
c. Teaching Methods
d. Evaluation
ANSWER = c

26. To determine the value or worth of anything is?

a. Aim
b. Content
c. Teaching Methods
d. Evaluation
ANSWER = c
27. In education process which one is evaluated?
a. Aim
b. Content
c. Methods
d. All of the above
ANSWER = d

28. The literal meaning of philosophy is?

a. Love of knowledge
b. Love of truth
c. Love of values
d. Love of wisdom
ANSWER = d

29. Axiology in philosophy deals with?

a. Knowledge
b. Reality
c. Values
d. Culture
ANSWER = c

30. Epistemology deals with?

a. Knowledge
b. Reality
c. Values
d. Culture
ANSWER = a

31. Ontology deals with?

a. Knowledge
b. Reality
c. Values
d. Culture
ANSWER = b

32. Ontology is also called as?

a. Metaphysics
b. Axiology
c. Ontology
d. Morphology
ANSWER = a

33. Metaphysics deals with the nature of?

a. Values
b. Knowledge
c. Universe
d. Reality
ANSWER = d

34. Eclecticism means borrowing beliefs from?

a. One philosophy
b. Two philosophies
c. Three philosophy
d. Different philosophies
ANSWER = d

35. “Everlasting reality” is focused in?

a. Perennialism
b. Essentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
ANSWER = a

36. Useful culture and skill is emphasized in?

a. Perennialism
b. Essentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
ANSWER = b

37. Life is continuous changing process is the best?

a. Perennialism
b. Essentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
ANSWER = c

1. Which characterizes a constructivist teaching-learning process?

a. Conceptual interrelatedness
b. Multiple perspectives
c. Authentic assessment
d. Passive acceptance of information

2. On what theory is the sequencing of instruction anchored?

a. Gagne’s hierarchical theory
b. B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning theory
c. Bandura’s social learning theory
d. Thorndike’s law of effect

3. If quartile deviation is to median, what is to mean?

a. Standard deviation
b. Mode
c. Range
d. Variance

4. This refers to professional development activities shall be developed, managed, quality

assured, monitored and evaluated.
a. Learning and Development System
b. School Based Management
c. Competency Standards
d. Human Resource Development
5. This assess grade 1 learners who may exhibit developmental advancement or delays
a. Multi-factored Assessment Tool
b. School Readiness Test
c. Early Language, Literacy, and Numeracy Assessment
d. Developmentally Appropriate Practice

6. In SEC 2010, Math and Science are taught using what approach?
a. Discipline-based
b. Spiral progression

7. The grading system used before the implementation of DepEd order no. 8 series of 2015.
a. Knowledge, Process, Understanding, and Product/ Performance (KPUP)
b. Written Work, Performance Task, and Quarterly Assessment
c. understanding by Design
d. OBE

8. What school form is used by teachers to register the pupils/students in the Learner Information
System (LIS)?
a. SF 1 b. SF2 c. SF3 d. SF4

9. BESRA is composed of how many Key Reform Thrust (KRTs)?

a. 5 b. 3 c.7 d. 9

10. This refers to the complete assessment in basic education to measure attainment in K to 12
program
a. National Basic Education Competency Assessment (NBECA)
b. End of Grade 12 Assessment
c. College Readiness Test
d. Exit Assessment

11. K to 12 curriculums is to holistic development as BEC and SEC is to

a. Functional literacy
b. Discipline-Based
c. Core curriculum
d. Concept development

12. The MTB-MLB is composed of how many languages?

a. 12 b. 11 c. 120 d. 13

13. The math curriculum is composed of how many content areas?

a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 6

14. Acts in accordance with the accepted value and becomes part of personality
a. Characterization
b. Receiving
c. Valuing
d. Organization

15. Which among the following is a mood disorder?

A. Bipolar disorder
B. Obsessive/compulsive disorder
C. Phobias
D. Selective mutism

He is the “Father of Pedagogy” and considered the first to teach young children of preschool age.
A. John Dewey
B. Howard Gardner
C. Burrhus Skinner
D. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

It is a program whose main aim is focused on the professional development of the teachers. It is
the articulation of a singular competency-based framework for teaching and teacher development
that would guide all policies, reforms, and activities related to teaching and teacher development.
A. TEDP
C. IPPD
B. RPMS
D. LET
Answer: A. TEDP means Teacher Education and Development Program. TEDP conceptualizes
the teacher’s career path as a continuum that starts with the entry to a teacher education program
and concludes when a teacher reaches retirement from formal service.

Among the structures of personality, savage desires fall under what structure?
A. Id
C. Supe Ego
B. Ego
D. Super Id
Answer: A. Id is also known as the pleasure principle structure. Instincts and savage desires
belong to Id.
On the other hand, Ego is the reality test and deciding principle while
Super Ego is the morality and conscience—centered principle.
Super Id does not exist.

In Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage in his Cognitive Development Theory, which of the
following is NOT among the characteristics of the child’s thinking ability?
A. Logical thinking
C. Hypothesis-making
B. Abstract problem solving
D. Centration
Answer: D. Centration. Centration belongs to the Pre-Operational Stage, not on the Formal
Operational Stage. Example of Centration includes when a child is presented with two identical
beakers containing the same amount of liquid. The child usually notes that the beakers do contain
the same amount of liquid. When one of the beakers is poured into a taller and thinner container,
children who are younger than seven or eight years old typically say that the two beakers no
longer contain the same amount of liquid, and that the taller container holds the larger quantity
(centration), without taking into consideration the fact that both beakers were previously noted to
contain the same amount of liquid. Due to superficial changes, the child was unable to
comprehend that the properties of the substances continued to remain the same.

This process is characterized by how humans perceive and adapt to new information. It is the

process of fitting new information into pre-existing cognitive schemas.
A. Assimilation
C. Equilibrium
B. Accommodation
D. Disequilibrium
Answer: A.
Assimilation occurs when humans are faced with new or unfamiliar information and refer to
previously learned information in order to make sense of it.

On the other hand, accommodation means the process of taking new information in one's
environment and altering pre-existing schemas in order to fit in the new information.

For equilibrium, a child is considered to be in a state of equilibrium or in a state of cognitive

balance when she or he is capable of explaining what he or she is perceiving (schema) at the time.

Disequilibrium is an imbalance between what is understood and what is encountered.

Learning~ is a proof in change of behavior.

Evaluation~ is a process of systematic collection and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative
data in order to make JUDGMENT or decision. Keyword judgment.

Assessment ~ is a process of gathering and organizing quantitative or qualitative data into

interpretable form to have a basis for judgment or decision-making.

Measurement - is a process of QUANTIFYING the degree to which someone or something

process a given trait. Example: grades