Angeline C.

Bucan

BSA-4 Crop Science

Onion
I. Introduction

Onions belong to the Allium family of plants, which also includes chives,

garlic, and leeks. These vegetables have characteristic pungent flavors and some
medicinal properties. Onions vary in size, shape, color, and flavor. The most
common types are red, yellow, and white onions. The taste of these vegetables can
range from sweet and juicy to sharp, spicy, and pungent, often depending on the
season in which people grow and consume them.

An onion, also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that
is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. The shallot is a botanical
variety of the onion which was classified as a separate species until 2011. Its close
relatives include garlic, scallion, leek, and chive. Onions are among the world’s
oldest cultivated plants. They were probably known in India, China, and the Middle
East before recorded history. Ancient Egyptians regarded the spherical bulb as a
symbol of the universe, and the concentric spheres of the Aristotelian cosmos were
also likened to an onion. Its name is probably derived from the Latin unus, meaning
“one.” The Romans introduced the onion to Britain and, in the New World, Native
Americans added a highly pungent wild onion (Allium canadense) to their stews.
Curative powers have been attributed to onions throughout the centuries; they have
been used in folk medicine for such varied ailments as colds, earaches, laryngitis,
animal bites, burns, and warts.

Objectives
The objectives of the study;
 To produce soybeans product in Camiguin
 To be able to gain more profit
 To maximize profitability
 II. Start-up Cost

Working Capital - 1,000,000.00

Materials Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost

Onion seeds 5 pck 3,500 17,500
Fertilizer/ spray 2 bottles 1500 3,000
Chicken dung 10/sack 600/sack 6,000
Nails 25 kls 95.00/kl 2,375
Bamboo 100pcs 100 each 10,000
Sprinkler 5pcs 280.00/ 1,400
Electrical tape 10 rolls 45.00 450.00
Water installation 10,000 10,000
Faucet 3 pcs 70.00 220.00
Water hose 300 meters 50.00/meter 15,000
Water pump 1 5,600 5,600
Blue barrel 2 pcs 2,100 4,200
Land preparation 500,000
Mini multicab 1 200,000.00
Farm house 87,000
Labor (workers) 5 person 10,000.00/per 50,000.00
month
Total Expenses 912,745.00

III. Depreciation Table

Fixed Cost
Sprinkler 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400
Faucet 220 220 220 220 220
Water hose 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000
Water Pump 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600 5,600
Blue barrel 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,200
Mini multicab 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000
 Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value
Sprinkler
1 280 280 1,120
2 280 560 840
1,400 3 280 840 560
4 280 1,120 280
5 280 1,400 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

Faucet
1 44 44 176
2 44 88 132
220 3 44 132 88
4 44 176 44
5 44 220 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

Water hose

1 3,000 3,000 12,000

2 3,000 6,000 9,000
15,000 3 3,000 9,000 6,000
4 3,000 12,000 3,000
5 3,000 15,000 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

Water Pump

1 1,120 1,120 4,480

2 1,120 2,240 3,360
5,600 3 1,120 3,360 2,240
4 1,120 4,480 1,120
5 1,120 5,600 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

 Blue barrel

1 840 840 3,360

2 840 1,680 2,520
4,200 3 840 2,520 1,680
4 840 3,360 840
5 840 4,200 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

Mini multicab

1 40,000 40,000 160,000

2 40,000 80,000 120,00
200,000 3 40,000 120,00 80,000
4 40,000 160,00 40,000
5 40,000 200,00 0

Year Dep./ Year Accum./Dep. Book Value

Farm house

1 17,000 17,000 68,000

2 17,000 34,000 51,000
85,000 3 17,000 51,000 34,000
4 17,000 68,000 17,000
5 17,000 85,000 0

IV. Cash Flow Statement

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Initial Capital/ Beginning 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0 1,000,000.0

Balance 1,000,000.00 0 0 0 0

Add: Cash Inflow

Loan Proceeds

Capital infusion

Cash sales 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000

Collection on Credit Sales

Income from investment,
savings, donating
3,268,502.2 3,765,253.3 4,262,004.4
2,771,751.1 0 0 0
Total Cash Inflow 2,495,000 0

Less: Cash Outflow

Materials Labor Overhead 912,7 912,745 912,7 912,7 912,74
45.00 .00 45.00 45.00 5.00
Operating Expenses 91,2
74.5 91,274.5 91,274.5 91,274.5 91,274.5

Bill Payments
Other Project Cash
Spending

Loan/Interest Payment
1,004, 1,004,0 1,004, 1,004 1,004,
Total Cash Outflow 019.5 19.5 019.5 ,019.5 019.5

Ending Balance 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5

V. Cost and Return

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

Returns
Onion sales 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000
Total Sales/Return- 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000 1,495,000
Onion

Less Expense:
Variable Cost
Onion 17,500 17,500 17,500 17,500 17,500
Fertilizers/spary 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Chicken dung 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000
Bamboo 10,000 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
Nails 2,375 2,375 2,375 2,375 2,375
Electrical tape 450 450 450 450 450
Total Variable Cost 39,325 39,325 39,325 39,325 39,325

Fixed Cost
Sprinkler 280 280 280 280 280
Faucet 44 44 44 44 44
Water hose 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Water Pump 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120
 Blue barrel 840 840 840 840 840
Mini multicab 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000
Farm house 17,000 17,000 17,000 17,000 17,000
Total Fixed Cost 62,284 62,284 62,284 62,284 62,284

Total Operating Cost 101,609 101,609 101,609 101,609 101,609

Net Cash Income and 1,393,391 1,393,391 1,393,391 1,393,391 1,393,391

Return

VI. Balance Sheet

Asset
Current Assets
1,490,980
Cash .5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5
Total Current Assets 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5 1,490,980.5
Less: Accumulated
Depreciation
Fixed Assets
Sprinkler 280 280 280 280 280

Faucet 44 44 44 44 44

Water hose 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Water Pump 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120

Blue barrel 840 840 840 840 840

Mini multicab 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000

Farm house 17,000 17,000 17,000 17,000 17,000

62,28
Total Fixed Assets 4 62,284 62,284 62,284 62,284

1,428,696
Total Asset .5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5

Total Liabilities and

Equity
1,000,0 1,000,000.0
Bucan, Capital 00.00 1,000,000.00 0 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
Net Income 428,696 428,696.5 428,696.5 428,696.5 428,696.5
 .5

1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5 1,428,696.5

VII. Break-even Analysis

Fixed Cost
Sprinkler
9,500.00
Faucet
5,000.00
Water hose
11,500.00
Water Pump
5,389.00
Blue barrel
8,400.00
Mini multicab
78,660.00
Farm house
148,000.00
Total 62,284.00

Variable Cost
Onion
39,500.00
Fertilizers/spary
9,700.00
Chicken dung
8,000.00
Bamboo
4,800.00
Nails
18,445.00
Electrical tape
40,050.00
Total 39,325.00

Price per unit- ₱230.00

Variable cost per unit- ₱6.05
Total Fixed Cost - 62,284.00
 Break-even point in units (x)
= 62,284÷ (230-6.05)
= 62,284÷ 239.95
= 259.57 units

Break-even point in value

= 230 x 259.57
= 59,701.1

Check: TVC
= 259.57 x 6.05
= 1,570.40

TC = 1,570.40+ 62,284
= 63,854.4

VIII. Partial budgeting

Mini multicab 200,000.00

Renting multicab and buffalo 45,000.00

Added Return Value Added Cost Value

Renting multicab 45,000
Total Total 45,000.00
Reduced Cost Reduced Return
Mini multicab 200,000.00
A. Total increase income 200,000.00 B. Total decrease income 45,000.00
200,000.00–
45,000.00
Net Change Income
= 155,000.00

IX. Profitability

Rate of Return on Investment (ROI)

 Year 1 to 5
%ROI = Net Income x 100
average investment

= 428,696.5 x 100
1,428,696.5

0.30 x 100
= 30%

Profit Margin

Year 1 to 5
Net income
Net sales

= 428,696.5 x 100
1,495,000

= 0.29

Return on Equity

Year 1 to 5
ROE = Net income
Average total equity

= 428,696.5 x 100
1,000,000

= 0.43