LAST PERIODICAL ASSESSMENT REVIEWER FOR: MATHEMATICS

GRADE 9 - NOBILITY

I. Similarity of triangles SAS, SSS, AA similarity

A. SIMILAR POLYGONS:
- two polygons are similar if the corresponding angles are congruent and the
corresponding sides are in a proportion
- Similar Triangles:

B. AA SIMILARITY: If two angles of a triangle are congruent to two angles of

another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
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C. SAS SIMILARITY: If an angle of a triangle is congruent to an angle of another

triangle and the lengths of the sides including these angles are in proportion, then
the two triangles are similar.

D. SSS SIMILARITY: If the lengths of the corresponding sides of two triangles are in
a proportion, then the two triangles are similar.
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II. Properties to find measures of angles, sides and other quantities involving
parallelograms.

- PARALLELOGRAM: A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel

- RECTANGLE: A parallelogram in which all its angles are right angles.
- RHOMBUS: A parallelogram in which all its sides are congruent.
- SQUARE: A rectangle in which all its sides are congruent.

A. THEOREM: The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

B. TRAPEZOID: A quadrilateral has only one pair of opposite sides parallel.
 - MEDIAN: The segment that joins the legs of a trapezoid. In the
figure, MP is the median of trapezoid TROY. The MEDIAN of the trapezoid is parallel to
the bases and its length is equal to ½ of the sum of the lengths of the bases.

MIDSEGMENT: In a triangle, the segment that joins the midpoints of the

two sides of a triangle.The MIDSEGMENT of a triangle is parallel to the base of the triangle and
its length is half as long as the base. (EL = ½ AZ)

C. There are six important properties of parallelograms to know:

- Opposite sides are congruent (AB = DC).
- Opposite angels are congruent (D = B).
- Consecutive angles are supplementary (A + D = 180°).
- If one angle is right, then all angles are right.
- The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
- Each diagonal of a parallelogram separates it into two congruent triangles.

D. Using the definition, all of the parallelogram properties, when stated as theorems, can
be "proven" true.
E. The properties (theorems) will be stated in "if ...then" form. Both the theorem and its
converse (where you swap the "if" and "then" expressions) will be examined.
III. Six trigonometric ratios (SIN, COS, TAN, SEC, CSC, COT)
- TRIGONON: Triangle
- METRON: to measure
- Θ – Theta (Used to identify reference angle)
→ a = √c²-b²
→ b = √c²-a²
→ c = √a²+b²

A. The 6 Trigonometric Functions

- sine: Sine of an angle is defined as the ratio of the side opposite (perpendicular side) to
that angle to the hypotenuse. (SOH)
- cosine: Cosine of an angle is defined as the ratio of the side adjacent to that angle to the
hypotenuse. (CAH)
- tangent: Tangent of an angle is defined as the ratio of the side opposite to that angle to
the side adjacent to that angle. (TOA)
- cosecant: Cosecant is a multiplicative inverse of sine.
 - secant: Secant is a multiplicative inverse of cosine.
- cotangent: Cotangent is the multiplicative inverse of the tangent.

- Hypotenuse (the longest side)

- Perpendicular (opposite side to the angle)
- Base (Adjacent side to the angle)

IV. Angles of elevation and angles of depression

- Angles of elevation: It is the angle between the horizontal plane and oblique line from
the observer’s eye to some object above his eye. Eventually, this angle is formed above
the surface.
 - Angles of depression: The angle of depression is just the opposite scenario of the
angle of elevation. In this case, the observer is standing at height and the object is kept
below the line of sight of the observer. We can define it as if the object is kept below the
eye level of the observer, then the angles formed between the horizontal line and the
observer’s line of sight.

V. Illustrates laws of sines and cosines

→ To solve a triangle is to find the lengths of each of its sides and all its angles. The sine rule is
used when we are given either a) two angles and one side, or b) two sides and a non-included
angle. The cosine rule is used when we are given either a) three sides or b) two sides and the
included angle.

1. The sine rule: Study the triangle ABC shown below. Let B stands for the angle at B. Let C
stand for the angle at C and so on. Also, let b = AC, a = BC and c = AB.

→ EXAMPLE: In triangle ABC, B = 21◦, C = 46◦ and AB = 9cm. Solve this triangle.
→ SOLUTION: We are given two angles and one side and so the sine rule can be used.
Furthermore, since the angles in any triangle must add up to 180◦ then angle A must be 113◦. We
know that c = AB = 9. Using the sine rule:
 2. The cosine rule: Refer to the triangle shown below.

→ EXAMPLE: In triangle ABC, AB = 42cm, BC = 37cm and AC = 26cm. Solve this triangle.
→ SOLUTION: We are given three sides of the triangle and so the cosine rule can be used.
Writing a = 37, b = 26, and c = 42 we have:

→ Exercises
1. Solve the triangle ABC in which AC = 105cm, AB = 76cm and A = 29◦.
2. Solve the triangle ABC given C = 40◦, b = 23cm and c = 19cm.

→ Answers
1. a = 53.31cm, B = 107.28◦, C = 43.72◦.
2. A = 11.09◦, B = 128.91◦, a = 5.69cm
VI. Solves problems involving oblique triangles
1. An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a right triangle. It could be an acute
triangle (all three angles of the triangle are less than right angles) or it could be an obtuse
triangle (one of the three angles is greater than a right angle). Actually, for the purposes
of trigonometry, the class of “oblique triangles” might just as well include right triangles,
too. Then the study of oblique triangles is really the study of all triangles.

2. Let’s agree to a convention for labelling the parts of oblique triangles generalizing the
convention for right triangles. Let the angles be labelled A, B, and C, and let the sides
opposite them be labelled a, b, and c, respectively.
3. The trigonometry of oblique triangles is not as simple of that of right triangles, but there
are two theorems of geometry that give useful laws of trigonometry. These are called the
“law of cosines” and the “law of sines.” There are other “laws” that used to be used, but
since the common use of calculators, these two laws are enough.

Hi, hello sa fellow Nobi na nagbabasa nito! I had

fun sa paggawa ng reviewers every quarter knowing
that I became of help to you guys. I’ll really miss
doing this. No matter what happens, know that I
am proud of all of you. Let’s ace this perio! Good luck!

Lovelots,
Peace officer ❤