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Started on Thursday, 28 January 2021, 9:19 AM

State Finished
Completed on Thursday, 28 January 2021, 10:34 AM
Time taken 1 hour 15 mins
Marks 30.00/40.00
Grade 75.00 out of 100.00
Question 1
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A 49-year-old man develops an acute myocardial infarction because of the

sudden occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The areas of
myocardial necrosis within the ventricle can best be described as
Select one:
a. Caseous necrosis
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. Fibrinoid necrosis
d. Coagulative necrosis
e. Fat necrosis

Question 2
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A 62 years old male patient experienced heart attack at home and immediately
taken to hospital. He was treated at emergency room where a coronary
angiogram was performed emergently and reveals >90% occlusion of the left
anterior descending artery. He was also found with elevated blood Troponin I and
Creatine kinase. What feature could explain irreversible cell injury to his myocardial
fibers?
Select one:
a. Intracellular pH diminishes
b. Glycogen stores depletion
c. Lipid stores depletion
d. Formation of cytoplasmic blebs
e. Nuclei undergoing karyorrhexis

Question 3
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The following substance plays a key role in wound healing especially in remodeling
the extracellular material being deposited during the process
Select one:
a. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
b. Vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
c. Matrix metalloproteinases
d. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
e. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 4
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Choose the only one false statement
Select one:
a. Virchow's triade/ triangle is made of: endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow
and hypercoagulability state
b. Among types of cardiovascular shock we have: cardiogenic, hypovolemic and
septic shocks
c. Different types of embolism are fat embolism, tumor embolism, gas embolism,
thromboembolism, and amniotic fluid embolism
d. Hemorrhage refers to blood outside the vascular space while thrombosis means
intravascular coagulation
e. Always, the end result of any acute inflammation is 100% resolution (=cure and
restoration to normal state)

Question 5
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Which one of the listed statements best describes the process called
chemotaxis?
Select one:
a. Attachment of chemicals to extracellular material to increase phagocytosis
b. Movement of cells toward a certain site or source
c. Abnormal fusion of phagosomes to primary lysosomes
d. Transmigration of cells from blood vessels into tissue
e. Dilation of blood vessels by chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 6
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Question text

While shaving one morning, a 23-year-old man nicks his lip with a razor. Seconds
after the injury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely
to reduce blood loss from a small dermal arteriole?
Select one:
a. Platelet aggregation
b. Protein C activation
c. Fibrin polymerization
d. Vasoconstriction
e. Neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 7
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A 9-year-old boy suddenly develops severe testicular pain. He is taken to the

emergency room, where he is evaluated and immediately taken to surgery. There
his left testis is found to be markedly hemorrhagic due to testicular torsion. This
abnormality caused a hemorrhagic testicular infarction because of:
Select one:
a. Arterial occlusion
b. The collateral blood supply of the testis
c. The dual blood supply of the testis
d. Venous occlusion
e. Septic infarction

Question 8
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Which of the following ions released from mitochondria leads to eventual cell
death?
Select one:
a. Na+
b. Ca2+
c. Cl+
d. K+
e. HCO3-

Question 9
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Pain is predominantly the result of which of the following two chemical mediators?
Select one:
a. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
b. Complement C3b and IgG
c. Histamine and serotonin
d. Leukotriene and 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HPETE)
e. Prostaglandin and bradykinin

Question 10
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Match the items in the first category to the most corresponding items on second
category of items
Epidermis cells Labile cells
Answer 1
Caseous necrosis Tuberculosis
Answer 2
Apoptosis Programmed cell death
Answer 3
Liquefactive necrosis Abcsess
Answer 4
Neurons Permanent cells
Answer 5
Question 11
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Which of the following factors is most likely to be effective in promoting

angiogenesis?
Select one:
a. Endostatin
b. Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
c. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
d. Basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)
e. Interleukin-1

Question 12
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The cardinal sign of inflammation called rubor is mainly the result of:
Select one:
a. Decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
b. Increased vascular permeability of venules
c. Vasodilation of arterioles
d. Decreased vascular permeability of capillaries
e. Vasoconstriction of muscular arteries

Question 13
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Saddle embolus causes sudden death by blocking

Select one:
A. Renal arteries
B. Pulmonary arteries
C. Coronary arteries
D. Cerebral arteries
E. Carotid artery

Question 14
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Match the items on right side to the most corresponding items on left
Haemorrhagic inflammation Hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, stasis
Answer 1
Lewis triple response Flush, flare, w heal
Answer 2
Calor Heat
Answer 3
Dolor Pain
Answer 4
Rubor Redness
Answer 5
Question 15
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Red infarcts are seen in?

Select one:
a. Lungs
b. Brain
c. Heart
d. Spleen
e. Kidney

Question 16
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Which of the following is the most critical factor in determining whether the skin in
the region of the burn will regenerate?
Select one:
a. Maintenance of underlying connective tissue
b. Less cardiac output with tissue perfusion
c. Destruction of skin appendages
d. Granulation tissue formation
e. Diminished edema and erythema

Question 17
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A patient has increased number of columnar cells in lower esophagus. He has

which of the following change
Select one:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Normal histology
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia
E. Metaplasia

Question 18
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By definition, granulomas are composed of:

Select one:
a. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts
b. Collagen
c. Epithelioid cells ± multinucleated giant cells
d. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
e. Cholesterol clefts

Question 19
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match the mediators of inflammation to their respective mechanisms of action or

production
Histamine Action: platelet aggregation
Answer 1
Leucotriene Action: vasodilation, increased permeability
Answer 2
Prostaglandin Action: bronchoconstriction
Answer 3
Nitric Oxide (NO) Production in: endothelial cells
Answer 4
Complement products (C5a, C3a, C4a) Production in: plasma
Answer 5
Question 20
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What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

Select one:
a. Pulmonary edema
b. Lymphangitis
c. Endarteritis
d. Atherosclerosis
e. Thrombophlebitis

Question 21
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A 62-year-old man has a 25-year history of alcoholism and liver disease. He visits his
physician complaining of pain and swelling of his legs. A decrease in which of the
following is the most likely cause of the peripheral edema?
Select one:
a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
c. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
d. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
e. Precapillary arteriolar resistance

Question 22
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A child’s cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) was examined. It contains slightly raised or

normal PMN cells, raised lymphocytes, absence of mycotic growth, value of protein
is normal or above normal, glucose level is normal. The most probable diagnosis is:
Select one:
a. Viral meningitis
b. Fungal meningitis
c. Pyogenic bacterial meningitis
d. Central nervous system cancer
e. Tuberculous meningitis

Question 23
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A 44-year-old man has a history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus leading to

coronary artery disease. He now has decreasing cardiac output. An increase in
which of the following substances in his blood is most indicative of reversible cell
injury from decreased perfusion of multiple organs and tissues?
Select one:
a. Lactic acid
b. Troponin I
c. Glucose
d. Carbon dioxide
e. Creatinine

Question 24
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Most of the tensile strength in the surgical scar will likely be achieved in which of the
following minimum time periods?
Select one:
a. Three months
b. One year
c. One month
d. One week
e. Six years

Question 25
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Histologic sections of an enlarged tonsil from a 9-year-old female reveal an

increased number of reactive follicles containing germinal centers with proliferating
B lymphocytes. Which one of the listed terms best describes this pathologic
process?
Select one:
a. Germinal center metaplasia
b. Follicular hyperplasia
c. Follicular dysplasia
d. B lymphocyte hypertrophy
e. Germinal center atrophy
Question 26
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The four aspects of disease process are:

Select one:
a. Aetiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and imaging sciences
b. Aetiology, pathogenesis, economical changes and treatment
c. Aetiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes and cancer
d. Aetiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes and medical school
e. Aetiology, pathogenesis, morphological changes and clinical significance

Question 27
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Which one of the listed statements is the best histologic definition of an abscess?
Select one:
a. A localized defect that results from the sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue
from the surface of an organ
b. The excessive secretion of mucus from a mucosal surface
c. An aggregate of two or more activated macrophages
d. A circumscribed collection of neutrophils with necrotic cellular debris
e. A localized proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vessels

Question 28
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Regarding cell injury and cell death, choose the best answer
Select one:
a. Fibrinoid necrosis is a type of reversible injury
b. Apoptosis is always pathogenic (occurs in case of disease or injury)
c. Cell injury is always irreversible and cell death may be apoptosis or necrosis
d. Apoptosis and necrosis are the two types of cell death, the difference is that
necrosis is a pre-programmed cell death while apoptosis is not
e. Cell injury is either reversible or irreversible and cell death may be apoptosis or
necrosis
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