1.

Characteristic and purposes of Public sector

- Public sector (công ty thuộc sở hữu nhà nước)– that part of the economy under the control of
government and its agencies and where the state establishes and runs the different types of
organization on behalf of its citizens and for their general well-being.
 Owned by state government or local authorities
 Loss is borne by the state
 Tend to privatization or public/ private partnership
- 2 types:
+ Vietnamese regulations: State/Government occupied more than 50% of the total shares
Source of data: Shareholder structure.
The Owner structure chart of the company: (found in the Annual Report, Website...) If the State
owns equal to or more than 50%, the company belong to the Public sector
+ Regulations in the UK
- Purposes:
• For the benefit to citizens: the interests of the public at large
• Social goals: democracy, cooperation, job creation, mutual trust
• Goals laid down by politicians and generally couched in social and financial terms, rather than
profit maximization
- Example: Hãng hàng không quốc gia việt nam (Vietnam Airline): Vietnam Airlines, also known as
Vietnam National Airlines, is the national airline of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the
main member of Vietnam Airlines Corporation.[2] By the third quarter of 2021, the state holds
an 86.34% stake in Vietnam Airlines, while All Nippon Airways holds 5.62%.
2. Characteristic and purposes of Voluntary Sector
- Voluntary (or third) sector (doanh nghiệp xã hội/ tổ chức phi chính phủ) comprising those
organisations, including charities, voluntary bodies and community businesses, that are not-for-
profit enterprises and non-governmental.
- 2 types:
+ Social enterprise
• Conduct a business as usual
• Profit is not distributed to owners/ no dividend is allocated
• Profit for reinvestment or other social rescue/ public benefits
• Tax advantages.
+ Non-governmental organization (NGOs)
Foreign non-governmental organizations, hereinafter referred to as NGOs, in order to conduct
development assistance and humanitarian aid activities in Vietnam for non-profit or other
purposes, must be authorized by the Government of Vietnam.
• Not a company, It is an organization
• Not owned by state, it is private owned
• Not carry out a business
• Not for profit
- Purposes:
+ Not for profit
+ For the benefit to society: the interests of the public at large
+ Social goals: environment, fair trade, community support, poverty eradication …
 + Tax support for social enterprise
- Example: now officially United Nations Children's Fund is an agency of the United Nations
responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. UNICEF's
programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-
being of children. UNICEF relies entirely on voluntary contributions from governments and
private donors.