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18.1
The Collision Theory and Collision Theory
Activation Energy
Rates of chemical reactions are often
Explaining how and why factors measured as a change in the number of moles
affect reaction rates during an interval of time.

18.1 18.1
Collision Theory Collision Theory
According to collision theory, atoms, ions, and Ineffective Collision
molecules can react to form products when
they collide with one another, provided that
the colliding particles have enough kinetic
energy.
Effective Collision
The minimum energy
that colliding particles
must have in order to
react is called the
activation energy.

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18.1 18.1

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

The rate of a chemical reaction depends upon Temperature
a) temperature • Storing foods in a refrigerator keeps them fresh
longer. Low temperatures slow microbial action.
b) concentration
c) particle size
d) use of a catalyst.

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Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

Concentration Particle Size

a. In air, a lighted splint glows and soon goes out.

b. When placed in pure oxygen (higher oxygen • The minute size of the reactant particles (grain dust), and
concentration), the splint bursts into flame. the mixture of the grain dust with oxygen in the air caused
the reaction to be explosive, destroying the grain
elevator.

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18.1 18.1

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

• Catalysts An inhibitor is a substance that interferes with the action
of a catalyst. Antioxidants and antimicrobials used in
drying fruits and preserving fruit juices slow the action of
microbes and limit contact with air.