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Pathophysio 2
Pathophysio 2
Pathophysio 2
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1 a b c d e f g
Test № 1
In case of ischemia
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases tissue blood supply
b b. alkalosis develops
c c. decreases number of functional capillaries
d d. hyperoxia develops
2 a b c d e f g
Test № 2
Which of the following is NOT involved in free radical neutraliza
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Superoxide dismutase
b b. Phospholipids
c c. Vitamins A, C, and E
d d. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase
3 a b c d e f g
Test № 3
Especially sensitive and susceptible to ionizing radiation is the
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. heart
b b. liver
c c. cells with low mitotic activity
d d. cells with high mitotic activity
4 a b c d e f g
Test № 4
Reabsorption of fluid from interstitial space to blood decreases wh
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases hydrodynamic pressure of the blood
b b. decreases hydrodynamic pressure of the blood
c c. increases colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood
d d. decreases colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood
5 a b c d e f g
Test № 5
Ionizing radiation results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. heatstroke
b b. mutations
c c. kinetosis
d d. hyperthermia
6 a b c d e f g
Test № 6
Which one is not the feature of apoptosis?
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Chromatin condensation
b b. Formation of cytoplasmic blebs
c c. Cell swelling
d d. Phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies
7 a b c d e f g
Test № 7
Local reason of venous hyperemia is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. arterial dilatation
b b. occlusion of veins
c c. heart failure
d d. vasoconstriction
8 a b c d e f g
Test № 8
Which of the following in not adaptive response:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Atrophy
b b. Dysplasia
c c. Hypertrophy
d d. Metaplasia
9 a b c d e f g
Test № 9
Cell-derived inflammatory mediators
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. fibrinolytic system
b b. complement system
c c. prostaglandins and leukotriens
d d. bradykinin
10 a b c d e f g
Test № 10
Immune stage of allergy reactions involves
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. release of allergy mediators
b b. production of antibodies or sensitized T-lymphocytes
c c. degranulation of mast cells
d d. complement fixation
11 a b c d e f g
Test № 11
Plasma-derived inflammatory mediators
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. prostaglandins and leukotriens
b b. platelet activating factor
c c. bradykinin
d d. serotonin
12 a b c d e f g
Test № 12
Complications that may develop at concussion of the brain
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. arterial hypertensia
b b. brain edema
c c. myocardial infarction
d d. pulmonary edema
13 a b c d e f g
Test № 13
Contussion of the brain develops after
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. heat stroke
b b. brain tissue injury
c c. hematoma
d d. brain edema
14 a b c d e f g
Test № 14
Thrombus
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. is attached to injured blood vessel wall
b b. develops outside the injured blood vessel
c c. is not attached to injured blood vessel wall
d d. results in bleeding
15 a b c d e f g
Test № 15
Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be caused by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hemolysis
b b. fever
c c. amniotic fluid embolism
d d. pancreatitis
16 a b c d e f g
Test № 16
Autoallergy reaction may result in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. nephrosis
b b. glomerulonephritis
c c. phenylketonuria
d d. alkaptonuria
17 a b c d e f g
Test № 17
Which one is the correct definition
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. collapse develops due to primary insufficiency of the
b b. collapse is associated with hyperthermia
c c. collapse is associated with hypervolemia
d d. administration of catecholamines at collapse is not re
18 a b c d e f g
Test № 18
Type III hypersensitivity reaction is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hay fever
b b. serum sickness
c c. tuberculin reaction
d d. anaphylactic shock
19 a b c d e f g
Test № 19
Which of the following cells are the primary initiator of the clottin
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. mast cells
b b. platelets
c c. basophils
d d. eosinophils
20 a b c d e f g
Test № 20
Alarm stage is characterized by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. activation of hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal gland sys
b b. activation of GI system
c c. suppression of cortisol production
d d. all of the above
21 a b c d e f g
Test № 21
Hypoxic hypoxia develops at
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. pulmonary emphysema
b b. mountain sickness
c c. heart failure
d d. anemia
22 a b c d e f g
Test № 22
Typical pathological process is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. polyetiological
b b. monoetiological
c c. combination of several pathological processes
d d. disease
23 a b c d e f g
Test № 23
Cause of increased number of RBCs in people residing in mounta
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Increased vitamin B12 synthesis
b b. Change of spleen function
c c. Increased erythropoietin production
d d. Increased circulating blood volume
24 a b c d e f g
Test № 24
Electrical injury may results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hyperemia
b b. embolism
c c. asystole
d d. heart fibrillation
25 a b c d e f g
Test № 25
Disorders of microcirculation at shock develops due to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. arterial vasodilatation
b b. increased lineal speed of blood flow
c c. precapillary sphincter failure and postcapillary vasoc
d d. arterial congestion
26 a b c d e f g
Test № 26
At Burn disease:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases arterial pressure
b b. decreases blood viscosity
c c. increases blood viscosity
d d. increases total number of RBCs
27 a b c d e f g
Test № 27
Which of the following statements about the renin-angiotensin pa
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. angiotensinogen is synthesized by the liver and activ
b b. angiotensin I is activated by angiotensin converting e
c c. angiotensin II causes the release of aldosterone
d d. the pathway results in decreased plasma volume
28 a b c d e f g
Test № 28
Disorders of microhemocirculation at shock develops due to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. arterial vasodilatation
b b. increased lineal speed of blood flow in capillaries
c c. heart failure
d d. postcapillary vasoconstriction
29 a b c d e f g
Test № 29
Alarm stage of stress reaction is characterized by
Answers:
Wrong Answer
a a. activation of rennin-angiotensin system
b b. activation of thyroid hormone
c c. activation of hypothalamus and secretion of corticotr
d d. activation of parasympathetic nervous system
30 a b c d e f g
Test № 30
Stages of shock
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. resistance, alarm, exhaustion
b b. initial, compensatory, progressive, irreversible
c c. alarm, exhaustion, resistance
d d. initial, compensatory, irreversible, progressive
31 a b c d e f g
Test № 31
Biological death starts after
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. cessation of respiration
b b. cessation of heart beating
c c. necrosis of cerebral cortex
d d. myocardial necrosis
32 a b c d e f g
Test № 32
Neurotonic ischemia develops due to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. dilatation of capillaries
b b. paresis of vasoconstrictors
c c. paresis of vasodilatators
d d. activation of vasoconstrictors
33 a b c d e f g
Test № 33
What is the main cause of increased volumetric speed of blood flo
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. total vasoconstriction
b b. total dilation of capillaries
c c. conversion of active capillaries into passive capillari
d d. dilation of veins
34 a b c d e f g
Test № 34
Thrombus formation requires
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. thromboplastic substances
b b. activation of fibrinolysis
c c. increased lineal speed of blood flow
d d. increased production of prostacyclin
35 a b c d e f g
Test № 35
The first stage of stress reaction
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Resistance
b b. Exhaustion
c c. Alarm
d d. Non of the above
36 a b c d e f g
Test № 36
Clinical manifestation of the brain concussion
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hypertension
b b. tachycardia
c c. vomitting
d d. massive hematoma
37 a b c d e f g
Test № 37
Caspases result in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. disorders of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative
b b. activation of DNA reparation
c c. regulation of normal functioning of genes
d d. inhibition of DNA reparation and replication
38 a b c d e f g
Test № 38
Hyperthermia may develop due to:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Parasympathetic neural system activation
b b. Bradycardia
c c. Decrease in metabolic rate
d d. Imbalance between heat production and heat loss
39 a b c d e f g
Test № 39
At shock
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. decreases permeability of blood vessels
b b. increases venous return
c c. increases permeability of blood vessels
d d. decreases blood viscosity
40 a b c d e f g
Test № 40
Structural changes in rats subjected repeatedly to stressors and de
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. renal failure
b b. enlargement of the adrenal cortex
c c. involution of the adrenal cortex
d d. convulsions
41 a b c d e f g
Test № 41
Cell-mediated allergy reaction is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. type I hypersensitivity reaction
b b. type II hypersensitivity reaction
c c. type III hypersensitivity reaction
d d. type IV hypersensitivity reaction
42 a b c d e f g
Test № 42
In case of ischemia
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases concentration of erythrocytes
b b. increases lineal speed of blood flow
c c. develops hyperemia
d d. decrease diameter of supplying blood vessels
43 a b c d e f g
Test № 43
Pathological process
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Is charachterized by basic structural changes
b b. Is pathological reaction
c c. Stops immediately after the causative agent remova
d d. Is characterized by local morphological and function
44 a b c d e f g
Test № 44
Main cause of edema at nephrosis is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increased colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood
b b. proteinuria
c c. hyperglycemia
d d. hypocapnia
45 a b c d e f g
Test № 45
One of the compensatory reactions developed at hypothermia:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Increase of metabolic rate
b b. Bulimia
c c. Hypoventilation
d d. Bradycardia
46 a b c d e f g
Test № 46
At burn disease disorders of microcirculation which are not direct
is the result of
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increased plasma leakage
b b. hypoglycemia
c c. decreased blood viscosity
d d. hyperglycemia
47 a b c d e f g
Test № 47
General manifestation of inflammation
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. swelling
b b. erythrocytosis
c c. fever
d d. decreased erythrocytes sedimentation rate
48 a b c d e f g
Test № 48
Respiratory hypoxia develops at
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. anemia
b b. heart failure
c c. pneumothorax
d d. bleeding
49 a b c d e f g
Test № 49
Compensatory reaction at hypothermia
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hyposecretion of epinephrine
b b. hypoglycemia
c c. peripheral vasoconstriction
d d. coronarospasm
50 a b c d e f g
Test № 50
Find the substance protecting cell membranes from free radicals t
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. superoxiddismutase
b b. phospholipase
c c. glycogen
d d. epinephrine
51 a b c d e f g
Test № 51
Methods of reanimation are used in case of
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. agony
b b. after death
c c. clinical death
d d. biological death
52 a b c d e f g
Test № 52
During burn disease ------ may develop:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Hypertension
b b. Decrease in blood viscosity
c c. Infection
d d. Hypervolemia
53 a b c d e f g
Test № 53
At hypovolemic shock
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. baroreceptors are excited
b b. increases reflex from volumoreceptors
c c. increases reaction of the sympathoadrenal system
d d. decreases heart rate
54 a b c d e f g
Test № 54
Which is the first period of a disease:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. acute stage
b b. prodromal stage
c c. latent stage
d d. chronic stage
55 a b c d e f g
Test № 55
Which of the following may be a possible cause of edema in the t
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. decreased blood pressure
b b. decreased level of proteins in the plasma
c c. the ingestion of a large amount of carbohydrates in the d
d d. reduced temperature at the skin surface
56 a b c d e f g
Test № 56
Immune stage of allergy reaction involve
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. release of allergy mediators
b b. production of antibodies or sensitized T-lymphocytes
c c. degranulation of mast cells
d d. complement fixation
57 a b c d e f g
Test № 57
P-53 stimulates
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. oxidative phosphorilation
b b. lipid peroxidation
c c. cell proliferation
d d. apoptosis of transformed cells
58 a b c d e f g
Test № 58
Gas embolism at Caisson disease develops due to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. desaturated nitrogen bubbles
b b. carbon dioxide
c c. oxygen bubbles
d d. desaturated helium bubbles
59 a b c d e f g
Test № 59
Which one is the correct definition
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. collapse develops due to primary insufficiency of the
b b. collapse is associated with hyperthermia
c c. collapse is associated with hypervolemia
d d. administration of catecholamines in collapse is not rec
60 a b c d e f g
Test № 60
Duration of clinical death can be prolonged by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hyperthermia
b b. defibrillation
c c. hypothermia
d d. hemotransfusion
61 a b c d e f g
Test № 61
At septic shock the major damaging factor is the
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. exotoxine
b b. endotoxine
c c. pyrogens
d d. lysosomal enzymes
62 a b c d e f g
Test № 62
Fever
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. inhibits functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ad
b b. decreases resistance at infections
c c. inhibits phagocytosis
d d. activates phagocytosis
63 a b c d e f g
Test № 63
Chronic Mountain sickness may result in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. heart failure
b b. embolism
c c. diabetes
d d. anemia
64 a b c d e f g
Test № 64
Venous hyperemia may result in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. liver cirrhosis
b b. fatty liver
c c. myocarditis
d d. gastritis
65 a b c d e f g
Test № 65
Concussion of the brain results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. decreased leakage of plasma
b b. increased leakage of plasma
c c. decreased permeability of veins
d d. arterial hypertension
66 a b c d e f g
Test № 66
All of the following are features of apoptosis EXCEPT:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. cell shrinkage
b b. increase in membrane permeability
c c. no associated inflammation
d d. intact cellular components
67 a b c d e f g
Test № 67
Inflammation can best be described as
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. body’s response to an infectious process
b b. abnormal event that accompanies selected disease pro
c c. normal body response to cell and tissue injury
d d. disease process that is accompanied by fever
68 a b c d e f g
Test № 68
Ischemia is characterized by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. jaundice
b b. cyanosis
c c. increased formation of interstitial fluid
d d. pain
69 a b c d e f g
Test № 69
Right sequence of death stages:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. terminal state, agony, clinical death, biological deat
b b. latent period, alarm stage, biological death, clinical
c c. prodromal period, clinical death, agony, biological
d d. latent period, prodromal period, exhaustion, biologi
70 a b c d e f g
Test № 70
Skeleton of thrombus is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. fibrinogen
b b. thrombin
c c. fibrin mash
d d. endothelium
71 a b c d e f g
Test № 71
Antioxidants
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. suppress lipid peroxidation
b b. activate lipid peroxidation
c c. interfere with electron transport at NAH- ubichinon o
d d. activate NO synthesis
72 a b c d e f g
Test № 72
Apoptosis is designed to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. activate lipid peroxidation
b b. regulate nitric oxide metabolism
c c. remove unwanted cells
d d. maintain genetically transformed cells
73 a b c d e f g
Test № 73
Cardiogenic shock may develop at
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. myocardial infarction
b b. arterial hypotension
c c. myocardiodystrophy
d d. decreased tone of coronaries
74 a b c d e f g
Test № 74
Activation of phospholipases results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. mechanical stretching of cell membrane
b b. cellular hypohydration
c c. increase in Na+ concentration within cells
d d. hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipids
75 a b c d e f g
Test № 75
What is the difference between clot and thrombus formation
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. thrombosis is the simple process of blood coagulatio
b b. thrombus is freely placed in lumen of blood vessel
c
c. thrombus formation is triggered by blood vessel wall injury
d d. clot is fixed on blood vessel wall
76 a b c d e f g
Test № 76
Plasma leakage increases when
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases hydrodynamic pressure of the blood
b b. decreases hydrodynamic pressure of the blood
c c. increases colloid-osmotic pressure of the blood
d d. increases hydrodynamic pressure of interstitial fluid
77 a b c d e f g
Test № 77
Blood clot unlike to thrombus
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. is attached to injured blood vessel wall
b b. develops only in living organism
c c. is not attached to injured blood vessel wall
d d. results in bleeding
78 a b c d e f g
Test № 78
At embolism of pulmonary circulation
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases release of K+ at the site of obstacle
b b. increases release of surfactant at the site of obstacle
c c. increases release of rennin at the site of obstacle
d d. develops acute Cor pulmonale
79 a b c d e f g
Test № 79
The third stage of stress reaction
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. Resistance
b b. Exhaustion
c c. Alarm
d d. Non of the above
80 a b c d e f g
Test № 80
Compensatory reactions at hypoxia
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hypoventilation
b b. erythropenia
c c. erythrocytosis
d d. Bradycardia
81 a b c d e f g
Test № 81
Obstructive ischemia develops due to
Answers:
Wrong Answer
a a. arterial dilatation
b b. emboli
c c. histamine
d d. compression of supplying blood vessel
82 a b c d e f g
Test № 82
Which of the following statements about the hypersensitivity reac
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. type I, Hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by im
b b. type II, Cytotoxic: causes the destructiondysfunction
c c. type III, Immune Complex: mediated by the depositi
d
d. type IV, Hypersensitivity Reactions is Delayed, immunoglob
83
a b c d e f g
Test № 83
Polycytemia at burn disease develops due to
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. activation of erythropoesis
b b. protein synthesis
c c. excessive plasma leakage
d d. passage of erythrocytes from depot organs
84 a b c d e f g
Test № 84
Freezing may result in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hyperemia
b b. toxemia
c c. glucosuria
d d. gangrene
85 a b c d e f g
Test № 85
Hyperproduction of antidiuretic hormone results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hypoglycemia
b b. cachexia
c c. edema
d d. arterial hypotension
86 a b c d e f g
Test № 86
Excitation of which receptors results in kinetosis
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. baroreceptors
b b. chemoreceptors
c c. vestibular nerve receptors
d d. volumoreceptors
87 a b c d e f g
Test № 87
Supporting conditions of erythrocytes’ aggregation
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increased lineal speed of blood flow
b b. reduced concentration of albumins
c c. decreased lineal speed of blood flow
d d. reduced concentration of globulins
88 a b c d e f g
Test № 88
Name the membrane valves that open and close for potassium effl
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. ion channels
b b. vacuoles
c c. capillaries
d d. cytokines
89 a b c d e f g
Test № 89
Kinetosis is characterized by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. tachycardia
b b. hypertension
c c. excitation of vagal nerve
d d. hypothermia
90 a b c d e f g
Test № 90
Heat emission decreases at initial stage of fever as a result of
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. peripheral vasodilatation
b b. increased production of inflammatory mediators
c c. tachycardia
d d. peripheral vasoconstriction
91 a b c d e f g
Test № 91
Compensatory reaction at hypothermia
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. decrease in muscular tone
b b. hypoadrenalinemia
c c. inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity
d d. peripheral vasoconstriction
92 a b c d e f g
Test № 92
Accumulation of Na+ within the cells results in
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. cellular proliferation
b b. cell shrinking
c c. cell swelling
d d. micro traumas of cytolem
93 a b c d e f g
Test № 93
Main cause of edema at cachexia is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. hyperproteinemia
b b. heart failure
c c. hypoproteinemia
d d. impaired glomerular filtration
94 a b c d e f g
Test № 94
Manifestations of the concussion of the brain are related with
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. ophthalmoparesis
b b. excitation of the facial nerve
c c. excitation of the vagal center
d d. facial nerve paresis
95 a b c d e f g
Test № 95
Essential role in pathogenesis of type II hypersensitivity reaction
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. circulating in blood reagins
b b. cytotoxic reactions
c c. degranulation of mast cells
d d. neutrophilia
96 a b c d e f g
Test № 96
Bronchospasm at allergy reactions is caused due to release of
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. epinephrine
b b. dophamine
c c. histamine
d d. rennin
97 a b c d e f g
Test № 97
Find the right sequence of events in pathogenesis of radiation sick
Answers:
Correct Answer
a
a. ionization of water, production of free radicals, inactivation
of cellular proliferation
b b. ionizing radiation, cell destruction, injury of DNA, hy
c
c. ionizing radiation, inhibition of cellular proliferation, inacti
anemia
98 a b c d e f g
Test № 98
Mechanical action of electrical current is manifested by
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. burns
b b. hypertension
c c. wound
d d. proteinuria
99 a b c d e f g
Test № 99
General reason of venous hyperemia is
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. atelectasis
b b. fatty liver
c c. vasoconstriction
d d. heart failure
100 a b c d e f g
Test № 100
At Burn disease:
Answers:
Correct Answer
a a. increases venous return
b b. decreases blood viscosity
c c. burn toxemia develops
d d. decreases vascular permeability