November 29th 

   
KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD
This is a new challenge for those who are eager -
want to-- to enlarge your knowledge of the world.
So far, we have learned about the VELVET
REVOLUTION in Czechoslovakia…          due to a
police attack to a peaceful students demonstration …
Because of this, democracy was reestablished and
political leaders started to PEACEFULLY negotiate
the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. 
Everybody should be aware of the MISSING
PEOPLE  not only in Argentina and Chile but also
throughout AMERICA 
...WHERE? WHEN? WHY?...
Uruguay, 1973-1985, military dictatorship
Colombia, 1958- and continues …, civil war → armed
conflict among militia, paramilitaries and state
agents.

 (Argentina) 30,000 missing people -- 1977 -

1984  -- 2012
In 1995, unfortunately, there was also another
CLEANSING …? In Bosnia

 Who was to blame for the Bosnian genocide?

 BE TO --VERB INFINITIVE --:  INTENTION

 I AM GOING TO TRAVEL TO … I AM TO GO
TO …  I AM TO TRAVEL TO ...

 What was the cause of the Srebrenica

massacre?
Srebrenica remained under control of the Bosnian
government. Although, in 1995 the U.N. had declared
the place “safe havens” to 

be disarmed and protected by international

peacekeeping forces. However, Bosnian Serb forces
advanced on Srebrenica, overwhelming a battalion of
Dutch peacekeeping forces stationed there.
 Serbian forces separated the Bosniak civilians at
Srebrenica, putting the women and girls on buses and
sending them to Bosnian-held territory. Not only were
woman raped or sexually assaulted but also, the men
and boys were killed immediately or bussed to mass
killing sites. 

 What happened in Bosnia in the 1990s? In the

nineties

 Why was there ethnic cleansing in Bosnia?

Bosnia wanted to achieve independence however,
Bosnian Serb forces with the Serb-dominated
Yugoslav army did not want that. As a result, they
launched an offensive with a bombardment of the
Bosnia’s capital, Sarajevo.

They attacked Bosniak-dominated towns, forcibly

expelling Bosniak civilians from the region. It was a
brutal process that was identified as “ethnic cleansing.”
It means the expulsion of a group of people from a
geographical area and not the actual physical
destruction of that group, even though the same
methods including murder, rape, torture, etc. 

Bosnia's Srebrenica massacre 25 years on - in

pictures - BBC ...

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-
53346759
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War
"All who wish to go will be
transported, large and small,
young and old. Don't be afraid...
No one will harm you."
On 11 July 1995, Bosnian Serb
units captured the town of
Srebrenica in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
In less than two weeks, their forces
systematically murdered more than
8,000 Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) -
the worst act of mass killing on
European soil since the end of
World War Two.
Ratko Mladic, commander of the
Bosnian Serb units, told the terrified
civilians not to be afraid as his
forces began the slaughter. They
did not stop for 10 days.
Lightly-armed UN peacekeepers, in
what had been declared a UN "safe
area", did nothing as the violence
raged around them.
Former Secretary-General Kofi
Annan later declared: "The tragedy
of Srebrenica will forever haunt the
history of the United Nations."

The massacre - later

judged as genocide
- was committed
against the Muslims
by Bosnian Serb
forces during the
Bosnian War, one of
several conflicts
fought in the 1990s
as Yugoslavia
imploded.
The Socialist
Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina -
as it was known
when it was part of
 Yugoslavia - was a
multi-ethnic region
of Muslim Bosniaks,
Orthodox Serbs and
Catholic Croats.
Bosnia-Herzegovina
declared its
independence in
1992 following a
referendum, and
was recognised
shortly afterwards
by the US and
European
governments.

IT IS LINKED TO

IT HAS TO DO WITH

Bosnia's Srebrenica massacre 25 years on - in pictures - BBC

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53374935
Srebrenica: Bosnia marks 25 years since massacre

MADRES / ABUELAS  de  PLAZA de

MAYO
WHAT WAS / HAS BEEN / IS / WILL
BE THEIR FIGHT / THRIVE  FOR? 
Can you see properly?
I use the past, and the present and the
future for the role of MdPlaza de Mayo
has changed and keeps changing.
They would - used to fight for their
rights to know where their sons and
daughters were. Later, they moved on
to recover their bodies, later on they
throve to find their grandsons and
granddaughters.
And even today, ...
WHO ARE  MADRES DE  SOACHA?
Colombian mothers whose children were
declared as combat casualties in the armed
conflict this country has suffered since 1958.
In fact, they were killed by the Colombian
Army and that is why these mothers are
striving for justice.
ARE THERE ANY OTHER GROUP /
GROUPS SUCH AS MADRES de
PLAZA de MAYO? WHERE? WHY?
By chance, I came across this interview

Historias Debidas IX: Nora Cortiñas -

Canal Encuentro ( 21´: 20   //  30´:00)
The video lasts 55´ or so, everybody
watches whatever your interests. I do
think it is worth watching as this lady
belongs to the moderate side of the
group called Madres de Plaza de Mayo
línea fundadora. Yet, you are invited to
watch the part in the minutes listed
above so as to have a starting point to
our discussion (=debate)
I do not mean to  bias anyone!!!
Patriarchal society -- men´s role is the
important one

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTFFWZa1Rw8

 After watching this video, 

What have you learned? 

Laura: The value of convictions and perseverance,
even in the worst case scenario. 

What has surprised / shocked / astonished you? 

Laura: The scope and transcendence of the APM
movement
  What have you found unreasonable?
Unbelievable? Hard to understand as a human
being? As a faith believer? 
Laura: The use of cruelty, lies and intelligence
applied to cause harm as the strategy for
domination. 

 What role have played those institutions

supposed to help / support / comfort people
whatever the circumstances?
You may probably talk at home as regards these
issues, not necessarily from a political point of
view, yet human point of view
No para enojarse con alguien!! O dejarle un ojo
negro!!!! Please!!! Never!!!!

Just to have a nice talk

 … ( add your own question /

thought / enquiry / reflexion /
message …)
 Laura: Stealing children or adults from their
families, killing those which don’t
think/believe/act according to a supposed racial
superiority law or  a superior belief… is the
everlasting story of Human History.
July 13th                       READING  LOLITA   in TEHRAN

Topics
Iran, Feminism
Collection
opensource
Language
English
Every Thursday morning for two years in the Islamic
Republic of Iran, Azar Nafisi, a bold and inspired
teacher, secretly gathered seven of her most
committed female students to read forbidden
Western classics. Some came from conservative and
religious families, others were progressive and
secular; some had spent time in jail - prison - gaol .
They were shy and uncomfortable at first,
unaccustomed to being asked to speak their
minds, but soon they removed their veils and began
to speak more freely–their stories intertwining with
the novels they were reading by Jane Austen, F.
Scott Fitzgerald, Henry James, and Vladimir
Nabokov. As Islamic morality squads staged arbitrary
raids in Tehran, as fundamentalists seized hold of
the universities and a blind censor stifled artistic
expression, the women in Nafisi’s living room spoke
not only of the books they were reading but also
about themselves, their dreams and
disappointments.
Azar Nafisi’s luminous masterwork gives us a rare glimpse, from the
inside, of women’s lives in revolutionary Iran. Reading Lolita in
Tehran is a work of great passion and poetic beauty, a remarkable
exploration of resilience in the face of tyranny, and a celebration of
the liberating power of literature.