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 VOL 3 eISSN-2348-0173
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Impact Factor (2014) – 0.815 by International Scientific Indexing (ISI) UAE

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHANDRAPRABHA

UDVARTANA LEPA

Shaikh Imtiyaz I.1*, Dave Alankruta R.2, Harisha C.R.3, Shukla V.J.4,
Padhar Bharat C.5

1. Ph.D. Scholar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Contact
No. +919824890835, Email - imuheman007@gmail.com

2. Associate Professor and I/C Head, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University,
Jamnagar, Contact No. +919824171817, Email - alankruta@yahoo.com

3. Head, Pharmacognosy laboratory, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Contact No.
+919727682594, Email - harishkumar33@ymail.com

4. Head, Pharmaceutical laboratory, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Contact No.
+919428317368, Email - rx_shukla@rediffmail.com

5. Ph.DScholar, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Contact No.
+919638435942, Email - dr.bharat1987@yahoo.in

Article Received on - 17th Aug 2015

Article Revised on - 3rd Sept 2015
Article Accepted on - 6th Sept 2015

All articles published in IJAAM are peer-reviewed and can be downloaded, printed and
distributed freely for non commercial purpose (see copyright notice below).
(Full Text Available @ www.ijaam.org)
207
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© 2013 IJAAM
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
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use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
3(4):207-212
 VOL 3 eISSN-2348-0173
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985
ISSUE 4 (2015)

RESEARCH ARTICLE

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF

CHANDRAPRABHA UDVARTANA LEPA

*Corresponding Author ABSTRACT:

Shaikh Imtiyaz I.
Ph.D. Scholar,
Dept. of Kayachikitsa,
IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved
University, Jamnagar,
Contact No. +919824890835,
Email -
imuheman007@gmail.com
QR Code IJAAM
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, a polyherbal formulation is recommended for the
management of Mukhadushika. The disease Mukhadushika resembles with Acne,
which is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the pilosebaceous apparatus. It is
one of the cosmetic disorders all over the world. It is characterised by the formation
of papules, pustules and is often accompanied by oily seborrhea. The sites of
predilection are face, shoulder, chest and back. Though Chandraprabha Udvartana
Lepa is widely used for the local treatment of Acne, but till date its
pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical study has not been carried out.
Authentication of raw drug of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa and phytochemical
evaluation of finished product is the aim. Present study deals with the
pharmacognostical identification of the ingredients of Chandraprabha Udvartana
Lepa and its physicochemical analysis. Powder microscopy revealed the presence of
compound starch granules of Sarsapa, Epidermal cells with brown content in
surface view of Sarsapa, Fragment of parenchyma of Charoli, Oil globules of Charoli,
Organic brown contents of Charoli, Parenchyma cells with starch granules of
Charoli, Simple starch granules with concentric lines of Masura, Starch granules of
Masura etc. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash value (6.036%), water
soluble extract (14.3%), and methanol soluble extract (16.8%) were assessed in
preliminary physicochemical scanning. HPTLC revealed maximum 5 spots in short
wave UV 254 nm. And 4 spots were obtained in long wave UV 366 nm.
Pharmacognostical study revealed genuinity of raw drugs. Physicochemical and
HPTLC studies inferred that the formulation meets the minimum quality standards
as reported in the API at a preliminary level. The inference from this study may be
used as reference standard in the further quality control researches.

Key Words: HPTLC, Pharmacognosy, Physicochemical analysis, Chandraprabha

Udvartana Lepa
www.ijaam.org

INTRODUCTION twenties itgradually decreases and is occasionally

Ayurveda is an Indian system of medicine with vast
numbers of compound formulations for various
disease entities. Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa is
a formulation of three ingredients (Table No.1)
mentioned in Rasatantrasara evam Siddhayoga
Samgraha, which is meant for curing Acne.[1]All the
drugs of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa having
Pitta Shamaka, Raktshodhaka and Varnya effect
can be used as local treatment for Mukhadushika
(Acne). [2]Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease
involving the pilosebaceous apparatus. It is one of
the cosmetic disorders all over the world. It is
characterized by the formation of papules,
seen after the age of thirty. It occurs in bothgirls
and boys in the later, in somewhat sever form.[3] In
the present era of science and technology, there
has been increasing acceptance as well as public
interest in natural therapies in both developing
and developed countries. At this time, No one can
assure drug industries insulation from
adulterations and quality decrement. Thus quality
control for efficacy and safety of herbal medicines
208
is of main concern. [4, 5] Maintaining the quality
standards of the herbal formulation is a big
challenge. The development of this traditional
system of medicine with the perspective of safety,
Page

pustules and is often accompanied by oily efficacy and quality will help not only to preserve
seborrhoea. The sites of predilection are face, the traditional heritage but also to rationalize the
shoulder, chest and back. Acne affects the parts use of the herbal and herbo-mineral products in
where sebaceous glands are large and numerous. It healthcare.[6,7] Initial step in quality
develops at puberty when the sebaceousglands are standardization of compound formulation is to
most active. In the preadolescent period, establish the presence of each ingredient in the
seborrhoeaoleosa and some comedones appear, finished product, [8] followed by the
frequently as fore runners of the disease, because pharmaceutical analysis. In the present study,
teen agers aremost susceptible to acne, the Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa was subjected to
condition is called acne juveniles. In the late pharmacognostical (powder microscopy), HPTLC,

Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
3(4):207-212
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
ISSUE 4 (2015)
densitogram and pharmaceutical evaluation for
various physicochemical parameters in order to
prepare a preliminary profile of formulation for
future.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All the raw drug materials were collected from the
pharmacy. The ingredients and parts used of the
drugs are given in table- 1.
Pharmacognostical study:
Raw drugs were identified and authenticated by
the Pharmacognosy laboratory. The identification
was carried out based on organoleptic characters
of Lepa,[9]later pharmacognostical evaluation of the
Lepa Churna was carried out. Lepa Churna was
dissolved in small quantity of distilled water,
filtered through filter paper, studied under the
Corlzeisstrinocular microscope attached with
camera, with stain and without stain. The
microphotographs were also taken under the
microscope. [10, 11]
Method of preparation of Chandraprabha
Udvartana Lepa:
Ingredients enlisted in the table no.1 were made
into coarse powder and sieved in mesh no.60.The
powder was mixed well and prepared
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa.
Pharmaceutical evaluation:
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa was analyzed by
using qualitative and quantitative parameters at
pharmaceutical laboratory. The common
parameters mentioned for Lepa Churna in Ayurved
pharmacopeia of India and C.CR.A.S guidelines are
total Ash value, pH value, water and methanol
soluble extracts.[13] On its base the parameters
were selected. Presence of more moisture contents
in a sample can create preservation problem.
Hence loss on drying was also selected as one of
the parameter.[ 14, 15]
High performance thin layer chromatography:
Methanol extract of Chandraprabha Udvartana
Lepa was spotted on pre-coated silica gel GF CO254
aluminum plate as 5 mm bands, 5 mm apart and 1
cm from the edge of the plates, by means of camag,
linomate V sampleapplicator fitted with a 100 µL.
Hamilton syringe was used as the mobile phase.
After development, densitometry scanning was
performed with a camage TLC scanner III
reflectance absorbance mode at 254 nm and 366
nm under control of win CATS software (V 1.2.1
camage).The slit dimensions were 6.00 x 0.45 mm
and the scanning speed was 20 mm per second. [16]
Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
3(4):207-212
eISSN-2348-0173
pISSN-2395-3985
Observations and results:
The initial purpose of the study was to confirm the
authenticity of the drugs used in the preparation of
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa. For this, coarse
powder of all the ingredients was subjected to
organoleptic and microscopic evaluation
separately to confirm the genuineness of all the
raw drugs. Later after the preparation of Lepa
Churna, pharmacognostical evaluation was carried
out.
Organoleptic evaluation: Organoleptic features
like color; odor and taste of the Chandraprabha
Udvartana Lepa were recorded and are placed in
table no 2.
Microscopic evaluation:
Microscopic evaluation was conducted by
powdering the Lepa Churna and dissolving it in the
distilled water and studied under microscope for
the presence of characteristics of ingredient drugs.
The diagnostic characters are Compound starch
granules of Sarsapa, Epidermal cells in surface
view of Sarsapa, Epidermal cells with brown
content in surface view of Sarsapa, Fiber fragment
of Sarsapa, Fragment of endosperm cells of
Sarsapa, Fragment of parenchyma of Charoli, Oil
globules of Charoli, Organic brown contents of
Charoli, Parenchyma cells of epidermis in surface
view of Charoli, Parenchyma cells with starch
granules of Charoli, Scalriform vessel of Masura,
Simple starch granules with concentric lines of
Masura, Simple starch granules with hilum of
Masura, Starch granules of Masura, Stone cell of
Masura, which are placed with micro photographs
1-15.
Physico-chemical parameters:
Physico-chemical parameters of the Lepa Churna
like loss on drying, total ash values were found
within the normal range. Methanol and water
soluble extractive values were found to be 14.3%
and 16.8% respectively. Details is shown in table
no.3
209
High performance thin layer chromatography:
Densitometry scanning of the HPTLC pattern
Page
showed 5 spots at corresponding Rfvalues 0.01,
0.09, 0.11, 0.29, 0.70 in short wave UV 254 nm. and
4 spots at corresponding Rf values 0.01, 0.08, 0.18,
0.70 obtained in long wave UV 366 nm (Table
no.4). Though it cannot be possible to identify
particular chemical constituent from the spot
obtained, the pattern may be used as a reference
standard for further quality control researches.
(HPTLC Photographs1-5)
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DISCUSSION values are the criteria to judge the identity and

Powder microscopy of Chandraprabha Udvartana
Lepa revealed the diagnostic characters like
compound starch granules of Sarsapa, Epidermal
cells in surface view of Sarsapa, Epidermal cells
with brown content in surface view of Sarsapa,
Fiber fragment of Sarsapa, Fragment of endosperm
cells of Sarsapa, Fragment of parenchyma of
Charoli, Oil globules of Charoli, Organic brown
contents of Charoli, Parenchyma cells of epidermis
in surface view of Charoli, Parenchyma cells with
starch granules of Charoli, Scalriform vessel of
Masura, Simple starch granules with concentric
lines of Masura, Simple starch granules with hilum
of Masura, Starch granules of Masura and stone cell
of Masura which authenticate genuineness of the
raw drugs of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa.
Taste of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa was
Madhura (Sweet), because majority of contents of
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa having Madhura
(Sweet) taste. Aromatic odor may be due to sweet
aroma present in each ingredient. Moisture
contents should be minimum tom prevent
degradation of product. Excess of water in
formulation encourage microbial growth, presence
of fungi or insects and deterioration following
hydrolysis. Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa
contains 4.10% w/w moisture, showing that Lepa
should be protected from humid atmosphere. Ash
purity of crude drugs, were total ash, water soluble
and acid insoluble ashes are considered.
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa contained 6.036%
w/w total ash and 4.098% w/w acid insoluble ash.
The results revealed that Chandraprabha
Udvartana Lepa is free from unwanted organic
compounds and production site was good enough
keeping sample free from dust and other solid
matters. The 14.3% w/w of water soluble
extractives and 16.8% w/w methanol soluble
extractives were present in Chandraprabha
Udvartana Lepa indicating that the drug is having
good solubility in water.[17]
In HPTLC study 5 spots at 254 nm and 4 spots at
366 nm were obtained, indicating its possible
components of matrix which may possess its
therapeutic effect.
CONCLUSION
The formulation was subjected to
pharmacognostical study reveal genuineness as
that all the ingredient microscopical characters
were observed. Physico-chemical and HPTLC
studies inferred that the formulation meets the
minimum quality standards as reported in the API
at a preliminary level. The inference from this
study may be used as reference standard in the
further quality control researches.

Table: 1 Ingredients of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa [1]

Drug name Latin name Part used Proportion

Pitta Sarsapa Brassica Compestris Seeds 1 part
Masura Ervum Lens Seeds 1 part
Chiraungi Bauchanania Latifolia Nuts 1 part

Table: 2 Organoleptic characters of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa

Parameter Results
Color Orange
Odor Aromatic
Test Sweet
Consistency Coarse powder

Table No. 3 Physico-chemical analysis of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa

210

Parameter Value
Loss on drying at 110 0C 4.10 %
Ash Value 6.036%
Acid insoluble Ash 4.098%
Page

Water soluble extract 14.3%

Methanol Soluble extract 16.8%
Particle Consistency
Weight of moderately coarse powder (Above 60 mesh) 68% w/w
Weight of moderately fine powder (between 60-80 mesh) 20.6% w/w
Weight of fine powder (between 85-120 mesh) 0.7% w/w
Weight of very fine powder ( below 120 mesh) 0.22% w/w

Table No.4 Rf Values of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa

Rf Values at 254 nm Rf Values at 366 nm.

HPTLC 0.01, 0.09, 0.11, 0.29, 0.70 0.01, 0.08, 0.18, 0.70

Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
3(4):207-212
 VOL 3 eISSN-2348-0173
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985
ISSUE 4 (2015)

Figure 1 Compound starch granules of Figure 2 Epidermal cells in surface view Figure 3 Epidermal cells with brown
Sarsapa of Sarsapa content in surface view of Sarsapa

Figure 4 Fiber fragment of Sarsapa Figure 5 Fragment of endosperm cells of Figure 6 Fragment of parenchyma of
Sarsapa Charoli

Figure 7 Oil globules of Charoli Figure 8 Organic brown contents of Figure 9 Parenchyma cells of epidermis
Charoli in surface view of Charoli

211

Figure 10 Parenchyma cells with starch Figure 11 Scalriform vessel of Masura Figure 12 Simple starch granules with
granules of Charoli concentric lines of Masura
Page

Figure 13 Simple starch granules with Figure 14 Starch granules of Masura Figure 15 Stone cell of Masura
hilum of Masura

Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
3(4):207-212
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE pISSN-2395-3985
ISSUE 4 (2015)

Figure 16 3D MWL of methanolic extract Figure 17 Densitogram of methanolic Figure 18 Densitogram of methanolic
of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa. extract of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa extract of Chandraprabha Udvartana
Densitogram of methanolic extract of at 254nm Lepa at 366nm
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa at 254nm.
Densitogram of methanolic extract of
Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa at 366nm

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Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015; 3(4):207-212
Source of Support – Nil Conflict of Interest – None Declared

Shaikh Imtiyaz I. et.al., Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Chandraprabha Udvartana Lepa, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2015;
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