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Lecture 1 Introduction To Commercial Construction
Lecture 1 Introduction To Commercial Construction
Lecture 1:
Introduction to Commercial Construction
❖ Individual/apartment buildings
❖ Mostly site-built
❖ Some small houses could be
pre-manufactured
❖ Mostly wood/concrete framing
❖ Sloped/flat roofs
❖ Wood/masonry finishing
materials Source: (kingstonherald.com)
❖ Structural steel or
concrete framing
❖ Flat roofing
❖ May have special use
areas (for example, X-ray
Source: eliteconstruction.com
room in hospitals)
❖ Greater technical
sophistication
Source: www.torontopubliclibrary.ca
Building Categories
Mid-rise Building:
The Hive
Condominium, The
Queensway,Toronto
High-rise
Buildings:
City of
Toronto
Downtown
Low-rise Buildings
Definition:
❖ A low-rise building is a structure that has few
storeys and usually without elevators
❖ Low-rise buildings generally go up to about 3 or 4
storeys (in Ontario, up to 3 storeys)
❖ They are mostly used for residential purposes
❖ Many Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional
(ICI) and civil buildings can also be low-rise
Low-rise Buildings – cont.
Major Types:
❖ Residential buildings
❖ Industrial buildings
❖ Commercial ICI Buildings
buildings
❖ Institutional
buildings
❖ Civil buildings
Construction of Low-riseICI
Buildings
Generally Goes through the Following Stages:
❖ Pre-construction works
➢ Preliminary reports and permits
➢ Initial mobilization and setup
❖ Construction activities
❖ Close-out
❖ The notice to proceed is a written directive from the owner to the contractor that
sets the date that the contractor can begin the work under the conditions of the
contract
❖ The directive identifies the contract delivery method and establishes the start of
the construction schedule. The architect and other members of the design team
are typically responsible for monitoring the contractor’s compliance with the
contract documents by conducting site visits, evaluating submittals, reviewing
❖ The construction phase typically ends when the owner submits the final
payment to the contractor. During the construction phase of a project,
the contractor is the primary participant of the ongoing work
Construction Contractors
Construction contractors perform the on-site construction of a project.They are
generally divided into general contractors and specialty contractors. General
contractors (GC) assume the responsibility for the construction of an entire
project at a specific cost and by a specified date
❖ They are responsible for developing project schedules and sequencing,
and coordinating the work of all subcontractors. The general contractor
also determines the actual methods and techniques of construction, and
implements safety precautions on the building site.A general contractor
signs contracts with subcontractors who perform the focused labor
within their technical areas, such as the electrical, plumbing, roofing,
bricklaying, carpentry, or concrete
Source: Spence and Kultermann
THE PROJECT D E L I V E R Y PROCESS
Design-Bid-Build
Design-Bid-Build (DBB) is the traditional method of project delivery that moves
sequentially from conception of a project through its construction. The owner
contracts initially with an architect to define the project scope, perform pre-
design services, and produce the construction documents. Once the construction
documents are complete, the project is sent out for proposals to qualified
contractors
In the design-build contracting method, the owner contracts with a single party
that completes all portions of the work from design through construction. Rather
than having multiple contracts with the architect and contractor, the design-build
method assigns a single entity with full responsibility
Construction Management (C M )
Owners with less experience in the construction process may choose to hire a
construction manager to provide management during the design phase, and
oversight and supervision during both the bidding and construction phase of a
project.“Construction management” is an umbrella term applied to a variety of
project delivery arrangements in which specific construction management
services are provided by a separate management firm that completes the
services traditionally provided by a general contractor
❖ Access road
❖ Temporary utilities
• Construction
• Materials Groups:
❖Organic Materials Composites
– Also naturaland ➢ Cement concrete
• synthetic materials ➢ Asphaltic concrete
➢ Wood ➢ Fiber-reinforced concrete
➢ Bitumen ➢ Glue-laminated lumber
➢ Rubber, etc. ➢ Glue-laminated timber, etc.
Basic ConstructionMaterials: