1. Stress and Strain 3.

Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

P
σ=
A
σ : Stress: a quantity that describes the distribution of internal
forces within a body
3
M∗c B∗H
σ= ; I=
I 12

ΔL
ε=
L
ε : Strain: quantity that describes the defromations that occur within
a body
2. Beam Theory
δ
σ =ε∗Ε ; ε =
L
3
FL
δ=
3 EI

Thermo Stress
δt
δ t =α∗L ( T −T o ) ; ε t= =α (T −T o )
L
Max
Hoop Stress
pi∗r r i +r o
σ t= =¿ r= Euler Formula: For Bucking
t 2 2
π ∗E∗I
Axial Stress Pcr =
σ L2
Posisson’s Ratio: how much material will deform in lateral direction
ε tran
υ=
ε axis
 −k∗A∗T 2−T 1
Q̇=
L
Q̇ : rate of heat transfer(W)
k = thermal conductivity(W/(m*K)
A = Surface area perpendicular to direction of heat transfer (^2)

Convection
Newton’s Law of Cooling
Q̇=h∗A ( T w −T ∞ )
h= convection heat-transfer coefficient of the fluid(W/(m^2*K))
A= Convection surface area
Tw=wall surface temperature
T ∞= bulk fluid temperature

4. Bolt Stress and Design Radiation

1 1 Q̇=ε∗σ∗A∗T 4
MS= −1; MS= −1
√R +R
2
t
2
s √(R +R ) +R
t b
2 3
s ε = emissivity of the body
σ = Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 5.67E-8; W/m^2K^4
SF∗V Pb
R s= ;Rt= A= body surface area
ShearAllowable Bending Allowable T= Absolute temperature(K)

SF=1.15, V = √ 1 2
2 2
V +V Drawing

A electronics/telecommunications products, and product

certification markings/standards .
5. Manufacture Process electro-mechanical systems products that are manufactured,
assembled and tested at high volume
 Temperature and cooling fluids
Snap Fit
 Die casting/
Tolerancing
 Plastic molding/thermoforming
o plastic injection Sheet Metal Design
 Soldering and brazing
 Adhesive bonding
 Surface finishing and coatings
 sheet metal, machining, various finishing processes)

6. Heat Transfer
Conduction
Fourier’s Law of Conduction