ITS DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

AND CULTURE
TOPIC OF
DISCUSSIONS

A DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
OF INDIAN CULTURE

B VALUES UNDERLYING
INDIAN CULTURE

C VALUES IN CURRICULUM,
APPLICATION OF VALUES,
VALUE CONFLICT
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF
INDIAN CULTURE

OVERVIEW
CULTURE
The most widely accepted definition of culture is the
definition given by Taylor in which he defines culture as a
wide-ranging set of activities that feature in all human
societies. The word culture therefore may mean a set of ideas,
beliefs, values, knowledge, behavior, education of a particular
society.

UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity

adopted in November 2001, defines culture as the set of
distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional
features of a society or social group, that encompasses,
in addition to art and literature, life styles, ways of
living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.

PENINSULAR INDIA
India is a peninsula with five geographical
divisions and these are:
( The mountains of northern India which are
mainly the Himalayan mountain range
(it) Northern plains in the river valleys of
the Indus, Ganga,
Brahmaputra
(ii) The Central Indian plateau
(iv) The South Indian plateau and
(v) The Coastal regions
 INDIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE
INDIAN ART, ARCHITECTURE, SPIRITUALITY, MUSIC, DANCE ARE ALL INFLUENCED BY THESE GEOGRAPHICAL
FEATURES. SOUTH OF THE VINDHYAS, THE DISTINCT DRAVIDIAN CULTURE IS DEVELOPED WHICH IS DIFFERENT
FROM THE NORTHERN ARYAN CULTURE.
INDIAN CULTURE HAS INFLUENCED ASIA, SOUTH-EAST ASIA AND MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD

IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE, THE BEST EXAMPLE OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE GREEK STYLE ON BUDDHIST
THEMES WAS THE GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ART. THE INDO-ISLAMIC SYNTHESIS CAN BE SEEN IN THE DIFFERENT
REGIONAL SCHOOLS OF ART SUCH AS THE KANGRA, DECCAN AND MOGUL STYLES OF PAINTING AND IN
ARCHITECTURE TOO.

THE INDIAN LANGUAGE, URDU WAS ALSO THE RESULT OF THE PERSIAN INFLUENCE.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF OTHER CIVILIZATIONS TO INDIAN LIFE AND CULTURE CREATES IN INDIANS THE IDEA
THAT THE WHOLE WORLD IS A FAMILY:
'VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM

THE VALUE OF UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD HAS BEEN NURTURED IN THIS WAY. THERE IS LINGUISTIC,
RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY WHICH CO-EXISTS SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH A
'FUNDAMENTAL UNITY' AND THAT MAKES IT UNIQUE. THERE MAY BE SUBCULTURES OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS,
LANGUAGES BUT THERE IS ONE NATIONAL CULTURE THAT IS THE INDIAN CULTURE WHICH HAS INFLUENCED
ASIA, SOUTH-EAST ASIA AND MANY OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD.
VALUES UNDERLYING
INDIAN CULTURE
OVERVIEW
VALUES AND INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
INDIA IS A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY
THE OBJECTIVES STATED IN THE PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN
CONSTITUTION CLEARLY ENUNCIATES THE VALUES OF
JUSTICE, LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY WITHIN A
SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST,SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC.

• ARTICLES 14(4) AND 16(4) AIM AT REMOVING SOCIAL AND

ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES AND ENSURE EQUAL
OPPORTUNITIES.

ARTICLES 14, 15, 16, 21, 38, 39 AND 46 ARE TO MAKE THE
QUALITY OF THE LIFE OF THE POOR, DISADVANTAGED AND
DISABLED CITIZENS IN THE SOCIETY MEANINGFUL.

INDIA IS A SECULAR STATE AND THE CITIZENS HAVE THE

FREEDOM TO FOLLOW THEIR OWN RELIGION. THERE IS AN
ATMOSPHERE OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND THERE IS NO
OFFICIAL STATE RELIGION.
THE FOUR MAJOR RELIGIONS:
HINDUISM
BUDDHISM,
JAINISM,
SIKHISM
ORIGINATED IN INDIA.
SOCIETY

FAMILY: FAMILY IS THE BASIC UNIT OF SOCIETY. JOINT FAMILY SYSTEM INDIAN SOCIETY IS
MOSTLY A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY IN WHICH THE FATHER IS PREDOMINANT.
HOWEVER, THERE ARE MATRIARCHAL SOCIETIES IN INDIA: KHASI IN MEGHALAYA (NORTH-
EASTERN INDIA) AND THE NAIRS OF KERALA (SOUTH INDIA). FAMILIES ARE ESSENTIAL IN
PRESERVING AND TRANSMITTING CULTURES. THE TRADITIONS, BELIEFS, IDEAS, VALUE
SYSTEM OF PERSONS ARE NURTURED BY THE FAMILY HE/SHE IS BORN
INTO.

MARRIAGE: MARRIAGES IN INDIA ARE MOSTLY ARRANGED BY PARENTS,

MARRIAGES IN WHICH MEN OR WOMEN CHOOSE THEIR OWN PARTNERS ARE
STILL NOT SO POPULAR.

IN INDIAN CULTURE, INDIVIDUALS MARRY INTO A FAMILY AND THERE IS

GREAT BONDING OF FAMILIES, RATHER THAN JUST A BONDING BETWEEN
TWO INDIVIDUALS AS IN THE WESTERN CULTURE.

THE NEWLY MARRIED COUPLE NORMALLY ENTERS INTO AN

EXTENDED FAMILY RELATIONSHIP AND THE BRIDE SETS UP
HER NEW HOME WITH THE IN-LAWS.
RELIGIOUS RITUALS ARE INTEGRAL TO MARRIAGE
CEREMONIES AND THE WEDDING ITSELF IS AN ELABORATE
AFFAIR, WITH MUCH FEASTING AND CELEBRATIONS.
 FESTIVAL
Festivals are celebrated in India almost throughout the year.
Most have a religious significance and prayers are an essential part of any festival. Festivals also involve the
meeting of families and friends; eating meals together. The women of the family prepare delicacies that all
enjoy.
In India, food is valued and from childhood, the parents train children not to waste food and share it with
friends and family. Delicacies are prepared on festive occasions and these vary in different regions.
Feeding the hungry and the poor is an important feature of the major religions of India. Individuals and
charitable organizations often organize feeding programs for the poor. Indians also feed birds and animals
Each state has its different style. For men, traditional clothes are the dhoti-kurta, kurta-pyjama, etc.
However, in the North-Eastem states men and women dress in their traditional clothes which are very
colorful and have many different patterns. Clothes in India are associated with tradition, diversity of culture
and family pride.
The classical dances differ from state to state. The most famous according to India's National Academy of
Music, Dance, and Drama are Bharatnatyam (Tamil Nadu), Kathak (northern India), Sattriya (Assam),
Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), Kathakali (Kerala), Mohiniattam (Kerala), Manipuri (Manipur), and Odissi
(Orissa). Folk dances are closely related to daily life and based on food-gathering, harvesting, rites, rituals
and beliefs.
 LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
LANGUAGE IS A KEY COMPONENT OF CULTURE. IT IS THE MEDIUM THROUGH WHICH EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION TAKES PLACE. LANGUAGE IS FIRST LEARNT IN THE FAMILY AND THEN FORMALLY
DEVELOPED IN SCHOOL. KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOTHER TONGUE IS VITAL BECAUSE WITHOUT IT,
CULTURE AND TRADITION WOULD NOT BE TRANSMITTED.

SOME OF THE IMPORTANT WRITERS ARE RABINDRANATH TAGORE (WHO WON THE NOBEL PRIZE
FOR LITERATURE IN 1913 FOR "GITANJALI"),', SUBRAMANIA BARATHI, BANKIM CHANDRA
CHATTOPADHYAY, MUNSHI PREMCHAND, MUHAMMAD IQBAL, DEVAKI NANDAN KHATRI. IN MODERN
INDIA, FAMOUS WRITERS ARE GIRISH KARNAD, INDIRA GOSWAMI, MAHASWETA DEVI, AMRITA
PRITARN, QURRATULAIN HYDEI , T.S.PILLAI, VIKRAM SETH, ARUNDHATI ROY AND SO ON.

THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS IN INDIA REPRESENT THE INDIAN CULTURE AND TRADITION.
THEY SYMBOLIZE UNITY, TRUTH AND PATRIOTISM. THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS ARE: THE NATIONAL
FLAG OF INDIA, THE NATIONAL BIRD AS THE PEACOCK; THE NATIONAL FLOWER - THE LOTUS; THE
NATIONAL TREE - THE FIG TREE; THE NATIONAL ANTHEM: 'JANA GANA MANA'; THE NATIONAL RIVER:
THE GANGA THE STATE EMBLEM IS THE LION PILLAR OF ASOKA WITH 'SATYAMEVE JAYATE'
INSCRIBED ON IT.
 HISTORICAL
BUILDINGS

TRADITIONAL INDIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE HAS ITS

UNIQUE FEATURES BUT IT HAS ALSO BEEN ENRICHED BY
THE ASSIMILATION AND ABSORPTION OF MANY FOREIGN
INFLUENCES. THE BUDDHIST AJANTA AND ELLORA
PAINTINGS ARE THE EARLIEST SURVIVING EXAMPLES OF
ANCIENT INDIAN ART.

MADHUBANI PAINTING, MYSORE PAINTING, RAJPUT PAINTING,

TANJORE PAINTING.
THE EARLIEST EXAMPLE OF INDIAN ARCHITECTURE WAS THAT OF
THE URBAN HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION, WITH ITS ADVANCED
TOWN PLANNING, THE GREAT BATH, THE GREAT GRANARY, THE
BRONZE DANCING GIRL AND THE BEARDED MAN OF MOHENJO-
DARO.

OTHER ANCIENT ARCHITECTURAL MARVELS INCLUDE THE ASOKA

PILLAR, SANCHI STUPA, GANDHARA, MATHURA, AMARVATI
SCHOOLS OF ART, IRON PILLAR, KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, CHOLA
TEMPLES, MAHABALIPURAM ROCK-CUT TEMPLES, MEENAKSHI
TEMPLE OF MADURAI AND SO MAY OTHER MORE.
VALUES IN CURRICULUM,
APPLICATION OF VALUES,
VALUE CONFLICT

OVERVIEW
 VALUES IN CURRICULUM FOR TEACHING
THIS VALUES IN CURRICULUM TEACHERS ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN CENTRAL PART OF HOW TO
INCULCATE INTEGRATE VALUES INTO THE CURRICULUM IN ALL SUBJECTS WHILE TEACHING LANGUAGE
AND LITERATURE THEY ARE SO MANY VALUES WHICH ARE UNDERLYING THE WHICH OUGHT TO BE
ELICITATE.
VALUES PLAY A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE TO INTEGRATE VALUES IN THE CURRICULUM IN ALL SUBJECTS
FOR EXAMPLE WHEN TEACHERS ARE TEACHING LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE THE VALUES
UNDERLYING PROSE OR POETRY ARE TO BE ELICITED FOR EXAMPLE A PARTICULAR POEM WOULD BE A
TALKING ABOUT AWARE GREED IS NOT GOOD, WE'RE HELPING OTHERS IS GOOD SO

A TEACHER SHOULD GO BE ON WHAT OTHER SUBJECTS THAT IS THE TEACHER SHOULD BRING ABOUT
THE VALUES WHICH ARE IN THE POETRY IN THE SUBJECTS AND ALSO DURING POTERY MEMBER OF
THE SOCIETY LESSONS STUDENTS APPRECIATE AND ACKNOWLEDGE THE PAST HERITAGE THEY CAN
RELATE TO THE PRESENT AND VISUALIZE THE FUTURE. THE STUDENTS CAN DEVELOP WHAT IS CALLED
A VALUES WHICH WOULD DETERMINE HOW HE OR SHE WILL BEHAVE WITH OTHERS IT'S NOT IT THE
SUBJECT AT TIMES THE UNDERLYING THE SUBJECTS IS NOT IT DOES NOT COME OUT IT'S NOT
REFLECTED SO THE TEACHERS HAVE TO BRING OUT THESE VALUES WHEN THEY ARE TEACHING THESE
SUBJECTS
SOCIAL SCIENCE

HISTORY LESSON BRINGS OUT VALUE RELATED TO HISTORY

STUDENTS SHOULD NOT JUST STUDY FROM THE POINT OF PASSING
THE EXAM GETTING GOOD MARKS BUT ALSO FOR THE VALUES
UNDERLYING THESE SUBJECTS SHOULD BE BROUGHT OUT BY THE
TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO RELATE TO THE
TEACHINGS OF THE TEACHERS AND APPRECIATE THESE VALUES
UNDERLYING THE CURRICULUM.

CIVICS INCULCATE STUDENTS THEIR VALUE IN THEIR CITIZENSHIP

THEIR DUTIES AND THEIR RIGHT.
CIVICS TEACH THE STUDENTS THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS WHAT ARE
DUTIES AS SUCH AS A CITIZEN WHAT ARE THE RIGHTS AS A CITIZENS .

GEOGRAPHY STUDENT FOCUS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

OF PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTO DEPENDENCE VALUES
WHICH CAN BE DEVELOPED THROUGH SIGNS INTERDEPENDENCE
SHARING OF NATURAL RESOURCES ARE CARRIED BY STUDENTS IN A
SCHOOL IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITY THEY ARE VARIOUS VALUES
 STORY

THE TEACHERS HAVE TO MAKE THE STUDENTS

UNDERSTAND THIS VALUES AND IT IS VERY IMPORTANT
THAT THE STUDENTS DO NOT JUST LEARN THE
SUBJECTS BY HEART THE SUBJECT JUST FROM THE
MAX POINTS OF YOU GETTING GOOD MARK HERE VERY
PROMINENT PART OF STUDYING IN AN EDUCATION
INSTITUTION

HOW IS THE AT THE SAME TIME

LEARNING VALUES
THROUGH THE SUBJECTS WOULD ALSO MAKE A PERSON A
BETTER HUMAN BEING WOULD ALSO IMPROVE HIS
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY SO
THESE VALUES HAVE TO BE BROUGHT UP BY THE
STUDENTS VALUES CAN BE PASSED ON BY THE TEACHERS

FOR EXAMPLE, TEACHERS MAY USE A STORYTELLING TECHNIQUE

LIKE A STORY ABOUT HOW A RABBIT AND A TORTOISE . HOW A
TORTOISE MADE THE RABBIT LOOK DOWN . SO TEACHERS CAN
USE THE STORY ABOUT A PERSEVERANCE ABOUT PATIENCE
ABOUT RESPECTING OTHERS AND IN A VARIOUS OTHER FORM LIKE
MAKE EXCURSIONS
 CAUSES OF CONFLICT

WHY THE VALUES OF DETERMINATION COURAGE IS SO MUCH IMPORTANT VALUES NOT TO GIVE
UP ON LIFE BECAUSE IF YOU DON'T GIVE UP IF YOU HAVE COURAGE TO SUCCESS OFTEN WE CARRY
WITHIN US MANY PREJUDICES OR WRONG BELIEFS AND DO NOT THINK WHETHER THESE IS RIGHT
OR WRONG FOR EXAMPLE WE CARRY A PREJUDICE WE CARRY WHAT IS THE WRONG BELIEFS
ABOUT A PARTICULAR PERSON FORM ANOTHER RELIGION AND SO ON AND WHICH IS NOT GOOD
WE CARRY PREJUDICES WE ASSUME THE ASSUMPTION ABOUT OTHERS ON THE BASE OF ON THE
CASTE AND THE BASIS OF THE BACKGROUND RELIGION. IS WRONG VALUES WE INCULCATE.
 THANK
YOU!
KASHVI (2015991080)
MOHINI (2015991079)
HIMANI ( 2015991078)
SARMAYA (2015991040)