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  • Effect of Alkali and Sulfate On The Quality of Clinker

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    mohamed A. Gawad
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    The alkali sulfate saturation in cement clinker is important for three reasons: 1) Unsaturated clinker leads to poorer burnability, workability in concrete, and durability due to the alkalis being in undesirable forms in the clinker minerals. 2) Saturated clinker results in finer clinker particles, poorer grindability requiring 1% more energy or 5 kWh/ton to grind, and higher sulfate content in the clinker minerals. 3) At saturation, there is an increase in early concrete strength of 0.1-1.5 MPa with an addition of 0.1% soluble Na2O.

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    Effect of Alkali and Sulfate on the Quality of Clinker

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    The alkali sulfate saturation in cement clinker is important for three reasons: 1) Unsaturated clinker leads to poorer burnability, workability in concrete, and durability due to the alkalis being in undesirable forms in the clinker minerals. 2) Saturated clinker results in finer clinker particles, poorer grindability requiring 1% more energy or 5 kWh/ton to grind, and higher sulfate content in the clinker minerals. 3) At saturation, there is an increase in early concrete strength of 0.1-1.5 MPa with an addition of 0.1% soluble Na2O.

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    33 views3 pages

    Effect of Alkali and Sulfate On The Quality of Clinker

    Uploaded by

    mohamed A. Gawad
    The alkali sulfate saturation in cement clinker is important for three reasons: 1) Unsaturated clinker leads to poorer burnability, workability in concrete, and durability due to the alkalis being in undesirable forms in the clinker minerals. 2) Saturated clinker results in finer clinker particles, poorer grindability requiring 1% more energy or 5 kWh/ton to grind, and higher sulfate content in the clinker minerals. 3) At saturation, there is an increase in early concrete strength of 0.1-1.5 MPa with an addition of 0.1% soluble Na2O.

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    of 3

    Why is the Alkali Slulfate Saturation important ?

    Saturation of Alkalies by Sulphates


    Clinker finer,
    Burnability poor poor Grindability
    Workability of Clinker 1%→+5 kWh/t
    in Concrete poor S in silicates
    Durability poor and
    aluminates
    Alkali-sulphate
    Na and K in Cubic C3A Alkali- Alkali-
    orthorhombic sulphate sulphate
    C 3A orthorhombic
    cubicC3A Cubic C3A
    C 3A
    Sulphate in Clinker
    Increase in Early strength
    +0.1% Na2O soluble
    +0.5 to 1.5 MPa after 1 day
    Why is the Alkali Slulfate Saturation important ?

    Saturation of Alkalies with Sulphates

    Alkalies > Sulphate Sulphate > Alkalies


    Burnability, Clinker finer, bad
    Workability in the Grindability of clinker
    Concrete & Durability 1% → +5 kWh/t
    bad

    Alkalies = Sulphate
    Increase of early strength
    + 0.1% Na2O sol.
    to 1.5 MPa more after 1 day
    Items impacting Grinding Energy

    Average probable impact


    INPUT + 0.4% + 10% + 4% + 1% + 1% + 1% + 15µ + 10µ
    IMPACT soluble C3 S C 3A MgO Ex.SO 3 / f. CaO d75 Alite d75 Belite
    Na 2O eq. tot. alk.

    kWh/t for
    250 m2/kg -3 +4 -0.9 +1.5

    kWh/t for
    300 m2/kg -4 +5 +3

    kWh/t for
    350 m2/kg -5 -1.2 +6 +3

    kWh/t for
    400 m2/kg -7 -2.4 +7 +4.5

    X good reliability Y average reliability

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