Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition Butcher Test Bank 1

Abnormal Psychology 15th Edition
Butcher Mineka Hooley 0205167268

9780205167265
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Chapter 10: Personality Disorders
Multiple-Choice Questions
10.1-1. There is a general agreement among researchers that personality

a. is mainly learned.
b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.
c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions.
d. is mainly genetic.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.1-1
Page Ref: 337
Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.
10.1-2. Individuals with personality disorders

a. comply with societal expectations.
b. reject societal expectations.
c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society.
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Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
d. have a strong sense of self.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-2
Page Ref: 337
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society.
10.1-3. Personality disorders were once known as

a. character disorders.
b. identity disorders.
c. conduct disorders.
d. maladaptive behavioral patterns.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-3
Page Ref: 337
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. character disorders.
10.1-4. Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,

a. personality disorders develop gradually.
b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has
developed.
c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress.
d. personality disorders are found on Axis III.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-4
Page Ref: 338
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. personality disorders develop gradually.
10.1-5. Which statement about personality disorders is accurate?

a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely
in form and severity.
b. The personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in
behaving.
c. Most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events.
d. Even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe impairments in
social and occupational functioning.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-5
Page Ref: 338
330
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely
in form and severity.
10.1-6. Because they are regarded as being different from standard psychiatric
syndromes, the personality disorders are
a. not listed in the DSM-IV.
b. coded on Axis I.
c. coded on Axis II.
d. given what is called a "provisional" category.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-6
Page Ref: 338
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. coded on Axis II.
10.1-7. The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders

a. tend to fluctuate over time.
b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures.
c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new
kinds of experiences.
d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder
to another.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.1-7
Page Ref: 338
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new
kinds of experiences.
10.1-8. According to the DSM-IV-TR, which of the following must be true for a
personality disorder diagnosis?
a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control.
b. The patient must experience clinically significant distress.
c. Signs of psychosis must be present.
d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-8
Page Ref: 337
Skill: Factual
331
Answer: d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
10.1-9. People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and
erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad
experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family
says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has
a. a mood disorder.
b. an anxiety disorder.
c. a dissociative disorder.
d. a personality disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-9
Page Ref: 337
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. a personality disorder.
10.1-10. Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders

because
a. the diagnostic criteria are objective.
b. many of the personality disorders share common features.
c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated.
d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.1-10
Page Ref: 339
Topic: Difficulties Doing Research on Personality Disorders/Difficulties in
Diagnosing
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. many of the personality disorders share common features.
10.1-11. Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the
diagnoses of personality disorders,
a. they are rarely used in clinical practice.
b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other
researchers.
c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact
on treatment decisions.
d. very little research or search for treatments is done.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 339
Diagnosing
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Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by
other researchers.
10.1-12. The five- factor model

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the
five basic personality dimensions.
b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into
five main categories.
c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the
five most important factors that lead to their development.
d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 339
Diagnosing
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the
five basic personality dimensions.
10.1-13. Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes
of personality disorders?
a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also
have another
b. The availability of only prospective data
c. The wealth of biological data available
d. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the
prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 340
Studying the Causes
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also
have another
10.1-14. The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality
disorders suggests that
a. all personality disorders have a biological basis.
b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders.
c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of Axis II
disorders.
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d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 340
Studying the Causes
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be
inherited.
10.1-15. The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is

a. they are directly inherited disorders.
b. they have no biological component, they are learned.
c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a
personality disorder.
d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality
disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 340
Studying the Causes
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a
10.1-16. The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-IV-TR are

grouped based on
a. similar etiologies.
b. level of dysfunction.
c. symptom or feature similarities.
d. expected prognosis.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 341
Topic: Categories of Personality Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. symptom or feature similarities.
10.1-17. What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common?

a. Lack of emotional expression
b. Oddness or eccentricity
c. Clear link to schizophrenia
d. Trust in other people
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Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 341
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. Oddness or eccentricity
10.1-18. Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder?

a. Depressive
b. Schizoid
c. Paranoid
d. Borderline
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 344
Topic: Clinical Features of Personality Disorders/Summary of Personality Disorders/10.1
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Borderline
10.1-19. Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality
disorders from
a. Cluster A.
b. Cluster B.
c. Cluster C.
d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further study.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 341
Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. Cluster A.
10.1-20. Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is
unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely
to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.
a. paranoid
b. histrionic
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 341
Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders/Paranoid Personality Disorder
Skill: Applied
335
Answer: a. paranoid
10.1-21. The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality
disorder is
a. delusional.
b. impulsive.
c. unemotional.
d. mistrustful.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 342
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. mistrustful.
10.1-22. Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid
personality disorder
a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with
another person.
b. has persistent loss of reality contact.
c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends.
d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic
symptoms.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 342
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic
symptoms.
10.1-23. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most
important in the development of paranoid personality disorder?
a. Introversion and openness to feelings
b. Excitement seeking and neuroticism
c. Antagonism and neuroticism
d. Fantasy proneness and tough mindedness
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 342
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Antagonism and neuroticism
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10.1-24. Sam shows little emotion and is loner. He has no social relationships, other
than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality
disorder might Sam have?
a. Paranoid
b. Schizoid
c. Borderline
d. Narcissistic
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 342
Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders/Schizoid Personality Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. Schizoid
10.1-25. Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this,
which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy?
a. Night-time security guard who works alone
b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office
c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred
d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional
problems
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. Night-time security guard who works alone
10.1-26. The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is

a. recurrent depression.
b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others.
c. cognitive and perceptual distortions.
d. an inability to form attachments to other people.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. an inability to form attachments to other people.
important in the development of schizoid personality disorder?
a. Low agreeableness and high antagonism
b. High introversion and low openness to feelings
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c. High introversion and low agreeableness
d. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. High introversion and low openness to feelings
10.1-28. Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ

significantly in their
a. ability to function.
b. display of psychotic symptoms.
c. level of emotionality.
d. likelihood of recovery.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. level of emotionality.
10.1-29. A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the
individual with this disorder believes that
a. he is basically alone.
b. few people can be trusted.
c. no one can live up to his or her expectations.
d. he is misunderstood.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. he is basically alone.
10.1-30. Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply
thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes
just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to
do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but
sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not
to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him
because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis
for Tom is
a. borderline personality disorder.
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b. paranoid personality disorder.
c. schizotypal personality disorder.
d. schizoid personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343-344
Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders/Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. schizotypal personality disorder.
10.1-31. Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken

for schizophrenia?
a. Avoidant
b. Borderline
c. Schizoid
d. Schizotypal
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 344
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Schizotypal
10.1-32. While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and
aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd.
a. avoidant; schizotypal
b. schizoid; schizotypal
c. schizoid; avoidant
d. schizotypal; avoidant
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 343-344
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. schizoid; schizotypal
10.1-33. Visual, attentional, and memory deficits comparable to those seen in

schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder.
a. paranoid
b. schizoid
c. schizotypal
d. borderline
Difficulty: 1
339
Page Ref: 344
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. schizotypal
10.1-34. Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to

________ personality disorder.
a. schizoid
b. schizotypal
c. avoidant
d. Both A and B.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 344-345
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. schizotypal
10.1-35. Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following

personality disorders?
a. Paranoid and schizoid
b. Schizotypal and schizoid
c. Schizoid and antisocial
d. Paranoid and schizotypal
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 344
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. Paranoid and schizotypal
10.1-36. Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon
for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends
describe her as a "drama queen.” Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to
warrant an Axis II diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she
most likely to be diagnosed with?
a. Antisocial
b. Borderline
c. Histrionic
d. Narcissistic
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 345
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders/Histrionic Personality Disorder
340
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. Histrionic
10.1-37. Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively
and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a
long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis
of
a. histrionic personality disorder.
b. narcissistic personality disorder.
c. dependent personality disorder.
d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 346
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. histrionic personality disorder.
10.1-38. Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with

histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time.
Why?
a. Their extreme distrust makes lasting relationships impossible.
b. Their self-reliance leads them to feel that they do not need anyone else.
c. Their exaggerated sense of self-importance is generally off-putting.
d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 345-346
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.
10.1-39. Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who

a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone.
b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms.
c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.
d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 345-346
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.
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important in the development of histrionic personality disorder?
a. Low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness
b. High extraversion and high neuroticism
c. High neuroticism and low agreeableness
d. High conscientiousness and low assertiveness
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 346
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. High extraversion and high neuroticism
10.1-41. Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be
diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men?
a. Women are more likely to develop this disorder.
b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in
women.
c. Women are naturally more likely than men to engage in attention-seeking
behaviors.
d. The primary feature of this disorder is emotionality and women are more
emotional than men.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 346
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen
in women.
10.1-42. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and
behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder?
a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions
c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain
d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 346
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention
10.1-43. Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the
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development of histrionic personality disorder?
a. "I need a man to define me."
b. "I am the only one I can trust."
c. "I am completely helpless."
d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 346-347
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."
10.1-44. Which of the following personality disorders might be the female equivalent
of antisocial personality disorder?
a. Avoidant
b. Borderline
c. Histrionic
d. Narcissistic
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 347
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Histrionic
10.1-45. Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other
students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She
believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her
outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from
b. narcissistic personality disorder.
c. dependent personality disorder.
d. schizoid personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 347
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders/Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. narcissistic personality disorder.
10.1-46. Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from

the other Cluster B disorders?
a. Emotionality
b. Grandiosity
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c. Impulsivity
d. Vanity
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 347
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. Grandiosity
10.1-47. Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking
about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be
expected in someone with ________ personality disorder.
a. borderline
b. histrionic
c. narcissistic
d. paranoid
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 347
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. narcissistic
10.1-48. Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to
seek treatment?
a. They are suspicious that therapists will steal their ideas.
b. They afraid they will become dependent on the therapist.
c. They are hypersensitive to criticism.
d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 348
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.
10.1-49. The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________.
a. attention; admiration
b. acceptance; admiration
c. admiration; attention
d. acceptance; approval
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 348-349
344
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. attention; admiration
10.1-50. A lack of parental indulgence of a child's overconfidence might play a

causal role in ________ personality disorder.
a. Antisocial
b. Borderline
c. Histrionic
d. Narcissistic
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 348
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. Narcissistic
10.1-51. At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that
others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate
their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain
the development of ________ personality disorder.
a. antisocial
b. borderline
c. histrionic
d. narcissistic
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 348
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. narcissistic
10.1-52. Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of

a. antisocial personality disorder.
b. borderline personality disorder.
c. schizoid personality disorder.
d. schizotypal personality disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 349
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders/Antisocial Personality Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. antisocial personality disorder.
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10.1-53. ________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women
and involves the exploitation of others without remorse.
a. Antisocial
b. Histrionic
c. Borderline
d. Paranoid
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 361
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders/Antisocial Personality Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. Antisocial
behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder?
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 360
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain
10.1-55. Symptoms of what Axis I diagnosis are present in individuals who later
develop antisocial personality disorder?
a. Attention-deficit disorder
b. Attachment disorder
c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder
d. Depression
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 365-368
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy/Developmental Perspective
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder
10.1-56. Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in
that
a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed.
b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.
c. symptoms are only present after age 15.
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d. it is seen equally on men and women.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 361
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.
10.1-57. Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of
authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly
marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most
likely
a. narcissistic personality disorder.
b. borderline personality disorder.
c. histrionic personality disorder.
d. antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 360
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. antisocial personality disorder.
10.1-58. What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer
to?
a. The border between Axis I and Axis II disorders
b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of
psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity.
c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of
the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness.
d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on
continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 349
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders/Borderline Personality Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on
continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.
10.1-59. Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-

image, and mood best characterize
b. antisocial personality disorder.
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c. avoidant personality disorder.
d. borderline personality disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 349
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. borderline personality disorder.
behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder?
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 349
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment
10.1-61. Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have
abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual
promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a
sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder.
a. narcissistic
b. histrionic
c. dependent
d. borderline
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 349-350
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. borderline
10.1-62. Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is

a. a form of suicidal behavior.
b. a form of self-punishment.
c. done to reduce anxiety and depression.
d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression.
Difficulty: 1
348
Page Ref: 350
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. done to reduce anxiety and depression.
10.1-63. Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him.
When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and
manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the
following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have?
a. Narcissistic
b. Histrionic
c. Dependent
d. Borderline
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 351
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. Borderline
10.1-64. Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________

a. borderline
b. antisocial
c. narcissistic
d. obsessive-compulsive
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 351
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. borderline
important in the development of borderline personality disorder?
a. High extraversion and low fantasy proneness
b. High impulsivity and affective instability
c. High antagonism and low neuroticism
d. High agreeableness and low excitement seeking
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Factual
349
Answer: b. High impulsivity and affective instability
10.1-66. The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that

a. impulsive behavior is rare.
b. a need for others is not exhibited.
c. comorbid diagnoses are rare.
d. the central role of sexuality is not present.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. the central role of sexuality is not present.
10.1-67. The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial
personality disorder is that
a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder
uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about
others.
b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder
because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder
because they need others to love them.
c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it
due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial
personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.
d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder
because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder
to get attention.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it
due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality
disorder does it for gain and without guilt.
10.1-68. According to Paris (1999, 2007), a key causal factor in borderline

personality disorder seems to be
a. inconsistent or highly punitive discipline in childhood.
b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or
loss.
c. a negative attributional style.
d. an inability to empathize with other people.
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Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or
loss.
10.1-69. About half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also
qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time.
a. antisocial personality disorder
b. schizophrenia
c. a mood disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. a mood disorder
10.1-70. In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression

most commonly seen?
a. Antisocial personality disorder
b. Borderline personality disorder
c. Dependent personality disorder
d. Histrionic personality disorder
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. Borderline personality disorder
10.1-71. According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality

disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability
a. are likely to develop BPD in response to even minor stressors.
b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma.
c. come mainly from intact homes and are unlikely to develop BPD.
d. come to enjoy acting out.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 352
351
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma.
10.1-72. The research on the association between borderline personality disorder

and childhood sexual abuse
a. proves child sexual abuse is the leading cause of borderline personality
disorder.
b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that
might be more important.
c. has shown that the reports of sexual abuse were mostly false reports.
d. suggests that some genetic component underlies both the disorder in the child
and the parents' tendency to abuse.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 353
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that
might be more important.
10.1-73. The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to
someone with ________ personality disorder.
a. antisocial
b. borderline
c. schizoid
d. schizotypal
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 354
Topic: Cluster C Personality Disorders/Avoidant Personality Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. schizoid
10.1-74. The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop

lasting relationships as a result of his or her
a. callousness.
b. fear of rejection.
c. desire to control others.
d. lack of interest.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 354
Skill: Factual
352
Answer: b. fear of rejection.
10.1-75. Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date
women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating
service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he
was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is
a. avoidant personality disorder.
b. schizoid personality disorder.
c. paranoid personality disorder.
d. schizotypal personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 354
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. avoidant personality disorder.
10.1-76. Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to

a. engage in a series of intense, unstable relationships.
b. have no interest in social relationships.
c. avoid achievement situations where she might fail.
d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 354
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.
10.1-77. In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder

a. are emotional and dramatic.
b. are impulsive and self-destructive.
c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships.
d. are exploitive rather than compliant.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 35
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships.
10.1-78. Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is

terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man
criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of
353
________ personality disorder.
a. antisocial
b. dependent
c. avoidant
d. borderline
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 354
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. avoidant
important in the development of avoidant personality disorder?
a. High extraversion and low openness to feelings
b. High introversion and high neuroticism
c. High antagonism and low neuroticism
d. High agreeableness and high angry hostility
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Factual
Answer: b. High introversion and high neuroticism
10.1-80. Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to

distinguish from
a. generalized social phobia.
b. schizoid personality disorder.
c. generalized anxiety disorder.
d. paranoid personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 354
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: a. generalized social phobia.
10.1-81. Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should
make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother’s, because Emily worries that
something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even
though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her
talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely
diagnosis is
354
a. borderline personality disorder.
b. dependent personality disorder.
c. schizoid personality disorder.
d. paranoid personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 355
Topic: Cluster C Personality Disorders/Dependent Personality Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. dependent personality disorder.
10.1-82. Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be
most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder.
a. antisocial
b. borderline
c. dependent
d. schizotypal
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. dependent
10.1-83. Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she
a. experiences little distress in her life.
b. has difficulty in initiating relationships.
c. has acute discomfort when she is alone.
d. prefers being alone rather than being with people who might criticize her.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. has acute discomfort when she is alone.
10.1-84. People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the
possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships
have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.
a. histrionic
b. dependent
c. avoidant
d. narcissistic
Difficulty: 1
355
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. dependent
10.1-85. The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent

personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:
a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person
with dependent personality disorder gets angry.
b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with
dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.
c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a
replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and
sad.
d. The person with borderline personality disorder gets into new relationships, and
the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new
relationships.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person
with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.
important in the development of dependent personality disorder?
a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness
b. High introversion and low conscientiousness
c. High fantasy proneness and low neuroticism
d. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness
10.1-87. What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with
dependent personality disorder?
a. "I am helpless."
b. "I don't know who I am without you."
c. "Unless I make people laugh, they will not like me."
356
d. "Others exist to benefit me."
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 355
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. "I am helpless."
10.1-88. John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house
until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and
over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's
behavior suggest?
a. Avoidant
b. Dependent
c. Obsessive-compulsive
d. Narcissistic
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 356
Topic: Cluster C Personality Disorders/Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: c. Obsessive-compulsive
10.1-89. The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described

as rigid and cold.
a. borderline
b. histrionic
c. obsessive-compulsive
d. dependent
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 356
Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c obsessive-compulsive
10.1-90. Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set

routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder.
a. schizoid
b. obsessive-compulsive
c. dependent
d. avoidant
357
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 356
Disorder
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. obsessive-compulsive
10.1-91. What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

(OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
a. People with OCD are more perfectionistic than people with OCPD.
b. People with OCPD are less conscientious about their rituals than people with
OCD.
c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with
OCD have.
d. People with OCD can do a compulsion once and feel better, people with OCPD
never feel better no matter how many times they do them.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 356
Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people
with OCD have.
important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?
a. High conscientiousness and low compliance
b. High extraversion and high openness to feelings
c. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings
d. High fantasy proneness and high agreeableness
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 357
Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. High conscientiousness and low compliance
10.1-93. Why does the person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have
problems in interpersonal relationships?
a. They have no interest in having relationships.
b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work.
358
c. They are too emotionally expressive.
d. Their manipulative behavior tends to destroy relationships.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 357
Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work.
10.1-94. Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat
a. They develop early in life.
b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders suffers from subjectivity.
c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception.
d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 358
Topic: Treatments Other Personality Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.
10.1-95. Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality

disorders?
a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are more difficult
to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and reluctance to enter therapy.
b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder ought to be
altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered.
c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing good therapeutic
relationships with their therapist.
d. People with both an Axis I and an Axis II diagnosis are easier to treat than
people with just an Axis II disorder because they have more distress.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 358
Topic: Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: d. People with both an Axis I and an Axis II diagnosis are easier to treat than
people with just an Axis II disorder because they have more distress.
10.1-96. Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder

controversial?
a. Because it is unethical to alter someone's personality through chemical means
359
b. Because research shows it clearly doesn't help
c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior
d. Because of the possibility of severe side effects
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 359
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior
10.1-97. Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress
is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most
wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and
untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called
a. dialectical.
b. splitting.
c. entitlement.
d. psychopathological.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 359
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. splitting.
10.1-98. Dialectical behavior therapy is

a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.
b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on
personality change.
c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been
found to be ineffective.
d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves
medication and brief hospitalization.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 359
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.
10.1-99. Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial

personality and psychopathy?
a. Careful planning of future activities that will help their families.
b. Using charm to make a strong first impression.
360
c. Strong feelings of remorse after wronging others.
d. A total lack of desire to maintain friendships with others.
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 360
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy/The Clinical Picture
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. Using charm to make a strong first impression.
10.1-100. Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy
and antisocial personality disorder?
a. Psychopathy is another name for antisocial personality disorder.
b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have
psychopathy.
c. Psychopathy is a less severe form of antisocial personality disorder.
d. Psychopathy is a more easily treated form of antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 361
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy/Psychopathy and
ASPD
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have
psychopathy.
10.1-101. Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial

personality disorder
a. is an older diagnosis.
b. focuses more on personality characteristics.
c. focuses more on observable behaviors.
d. is a less severe and more treatable form of the disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 361
ASPD
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. focuses more on observable behaviors.
10.1-102. The presence of psychopathy

a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.
b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder.
c. means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes.
d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful.
361
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 361
ASPD
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.
10.1-103. An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He
hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive
actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others."
What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate?
a. Histrionic personality disorder
b. Psychopathy
c. Borderline personality disorder
d. Substance abuse
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 361
ASPD
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. Psychopathy
10.1-104. The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial
personality disorder who were adopted into other families
a. did not develop antisocial personality disorder.
b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the
quality of their adoptive family.
c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive
family had problems, such as marital conflict.
d. developed antisocial personality disorder at a later age than if they had been
raised by their biological parents.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 365
Topic: Antisocial Personality and Psychopathy/Causal Factors in Psychopathy and
Antisocial Personality
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive
family had problems, such as marital conflict.
10.1-105. In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment,

psychopaths
362
a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its
consequence.
b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive
behaviors.
c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses.
d. showed larger than normal fear potential startle responses.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 366
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses.
10.1-106. Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to

a. be very concerned about possible punishment and to try to avoid it as much as
possible.
b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the
rewards don't come as often as they did.
c. be very interested in rewards and to change his behavior quickly if rewards
don't come as often as they did.
d. be equally interested in rewards and punishments and do his best to get the first
and avoid the second.
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 367
Topic: Antisocial Personality and Psychopathy/Sociocultural Causal Factors and
Psychopathy
Skill: Applied
Answer: b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the
rewards don't come as often as they did.
10.1-107. Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?

a. A child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. A child with oppositional defiant disorder
c. A child with conduct disorder
d. A child with conduct disorder and A or B
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 368
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy/A Developmental
Perspective on Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality
Skill: Applied
Answer: d. a child with conduct disorder and A or B
363
10.1-108. Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a
psychopath as an adult?
a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness
b. One who has high fear and high callousness
c. One who has trouble regulating emotions and high levels of emotional
reactivity, including aggression
d. One who has high depression, high anxiety, and is quick to anger
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 370
Topic: Antisocial Personality and Psychopathy/ A Developmental
Skill: Applied
Answer: a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness
10.1-109. Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the
amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality
disorder?
a. Cognitive behavioral treatment
b. Medication
c. Growing older
d. Nothing has any impact
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 371
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. Growing older
10.1-110. Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral

treatments for antisocial personality?
a. Punishment
b. Relaxation
c. Self-critical thinking
d. Response-prevention training
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 371
Topic: Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality
Skill: Factual
Answer: a. Punishment
364
10.1-111. According to your textbook, each very high-risk antisocial youth may cost
society between ____ and ____ in rehabilitation, incarceration, and costs to victims.
a. $12,000; $20,000
b. $120,000; $200,000
c. $1.2 million; $2 million
d. $12 million; $20 million
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 372
Topic: Developments in Practice: Prevention of Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality
Disorder
Skill: Factual
Answer: c. $1.2 million; $2 million
10.1-112. Proposed revisions for the DSM-5 will change the diagnosis of personality
disorders in what way?
a. All existing personality disorders will be split into two sub-categories (chronic
and intermittent)
b. All existing personality disorders will be removed and only Axis I disorders
will remain
c. A categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis
d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis
Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 373
Topic: Unresolved Issues: DSM-5: Moving Toward a Dimensional System of
Classification
Skill: Factual
Answer: d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
10.2-1. Cluster __________ Personality Disorders include Schizoid and Schizotypal

Personality Disorders.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.2-1
Page Ref: 338
Skill: Factual
Answer: A
10.2-2. People with __________ are usually unable to form social relationships and
have little interest in them.
Difficulty: 1
365
Question ID: 10.2-2
Page Ref: 343
Skill: Factual
Answer: Schizoid Personality Disorder
10.2-3. People with __________ have more criminal activities than those with
antisocial personality disorder.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.2-3
Page Ref: 361
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathology/Psychopathy and ASPD
Skill: Factual
Answer: psychopathy
10.2-4. Cluster __________ personality disorders include Histrionic and Borderline

Personality Disorders.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.2-4
Page Ref: 345-346
Skill: Factual
Answer: B
10.2-5. Cluster __________ Personality disorders include avoidant and dependent

personality disorders.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.2-5
Page Ref: 353-354
Skill: Factual
Answer: C
Short Answer Questions
10.3-1. Briefly describe the general characteristics of a personality disorder.

Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.3-1
Page Ref: 337
Skill: Factual
Answer: This is a disorder in which personality traits and behavior patterns are
maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. The behavior patterns
are stable and of long duration. They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the
gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or
366
occupational functioning and in some cases cause a good deal of subjective emotional
distress.
10.3-2. What complicates the diagnosis of personality disorders?

Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.3-2
Page Ref: 339
Diagnosing
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: Personality disorders are often not diagnosed or may be misdiagnosed.
Personality disorders may never be diagnosed or treated due to their basic nature -
personality disorders define the personality of the individual with the disorder, and it is
difficult to determine when a problematic personality becomes a disordered personality.
Misdiagnosis is common as the diagnostic criteria are not precise and lack objective
behavioral standards. Diagnosis is vulnerable to subjective interpretation of traits and
behaviors as being maladaptive or not. The criteria for the disorders is not exclusive of
other diagnoses. While clinicians are likely to agree that an individual has a personality
disorder, there may not be agreement as to which disorder the individual has.
10.3-3. How does temperament relate to personality disorders?

Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.3-3
Page Ref: 340
Diagnosing
Skill: Applied
Answer: Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop particular
personality traits and disorders. This can make personality disorders seem inherited, but it
is the traits that predispose people to the disorders that are inherited.
10.3-4. What does the five-factor model tell us about personality disorders?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.3-4
Page Ref: 340
Diagnosing
Skill: Factual
Answer: The five-factor model assesses how people score on five basic personality traits
and the six facets of each. People with personality disorders show extremes on different
patterns of these traits.
10.3-5. Compare and contrast paranoid personality disorder and schizophrenia.

Difficulty: 2
367
Question ID: 10.3-5
Page Ref: 341-342
Skill: Applied
Answer: While both disorders are characterized by paranoid delusions, the individual
with paranoid personality disorder does not exhibit the overall cognitive impairment that
is seen in schizophrenia. The paranoid personality is characterized by paranoia in the
absence of the hallucinations and break with reality that is characteristic of schizophrenia.
10.3-6. Which of the personality disorders appears to be most related to

schizophrenia? What evidence is there of this relationship?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.3-6
Page Ref: 343-344
Skill: Applied
Answer: While all of the cluster A personality disorders are characterized by different
features of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality appears to be the most strongly related
to schizophrenia. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in behavior that are
often seen in those with schizophrenia, and there is evidence that those with schizotypal
personality disorder are at greater risk of developing schizophrenia.
10.3-7. Why is histrionic personality disorder more prevalent in women?

Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.3-7
Page Ref: 345-346
Skill: Factual
Answer: While histrionic personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in women, it
may or may not be more prevalent in this gender. Many of the behaviors that characterize
this disorder can be described as "gender-related traits" that are more commonly seen in
women, thus the diagnosis is more likely to be given to women. This includes traits such
as vanity, overdramatization, and concern with physical appearance.
10.3-8. Why does the person with a narcissistic personality disorder have many
"friends" but few intimate relationships?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.3-8
Page Ref: 347
Skill: Factual
Answer: People with narcissistic personality disorder overestimate their own
accomplishments and underestimate others'. They need friends to gain admiration and
seem important, but they eventually see others as stupid or unworthy and reject them.
368
Relationships do not last long because others become tired of the narcissistic person's
lack of consideration.
10.3-9. What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality

disorder?
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.3-9
Page Ref: 349-350
Skill: Factual
Answer: Borderline personality disorder includes erratic and impulsive behaviors that
can be self-destructive. These include reckless driving, binges of gambling, drinking, and
sex, as well as self-mutilation and suicidal behavior. Self-mutilation is one of the most
discriminating signs of borderline and is sometimes associated with relief from anxiety
and other negative emotions. Suicidal behavior is also common and, while suicide
attempts may be motivated a desire to manipulate, it is estimated that as many as 8
percent may complete a suicide.
10.3-10. What is the main distinguishing factor between borderline and histrionic
Difficulty: 1
Page Ref: 352
Skill: Applied
Answer: Sexuality is central to histrionic personality disorder but not to borderline
10.3-11. Compare and contrast avoidant and schizoid personality disorders.

Difficulty: 2
Page Ref: 353-354
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: While both disorders are characterized by a lack of social contact, the
motivation behind the exhibited social isolation differs. Avoidant individuals are too
frightened to initiate relationships. Although alone, the avoidant personality very much
wants to be with others but is afraid of rejection. Schizoid individuals are alone because
they have no desire to be with others and are emotionally uninvolved.
10.3-12. What are the two dimensions of psychopathy and the relationship to
antisocial personality disorder?
Difficulty: 2
369
Page Ref: 361
Topic: Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy/Psychopathy and ASPD
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: Dimension 1: Affective and interpersonal traits - lack of remorse, empathy,
superficial charm, exaggerated self-worth, and pathological lying. Dimension 2: Behavior
- deviant lifestyle, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. The second dimension is more related
to antisocial personality disorder.
Essay Questions
10.4-1. Describe and differentiate between the Cluster A personality disorders.

Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.4-1
Page Ref: 341-343
Topic: Cluster A Personality Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: The Cluster A personality disorders are all alike in that they are characterized
by odd behavior. This cluster includes the paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality
disorders. All disorders share some common features with schizophrenia, but it is only
thought that schizotypal personality disorder is related to schizophrenia. The paranoid
personality is characterized by extreme suspicion and distrust. This is the individual who
can't forgive even the smallest perceived slight. The paranoid personality is always
looking for someone to do him or her wrong, but he or she is not psychotic. Despite the
prevalent paranoia, the paranoid personality is firmly in touch with reality. The schizoid
personality shows some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, social withdrawal
and flat affect. This is the loner, who prefers to be alone and seems to take pleasure in
nothing. The schizotypal personality is best described as odd and eccentric. They may
show some bizarre thinking, but are generally in touch with reality. GRADING RUBRIC
- 12 points total, 3 for general description of cluster A disorders and 3 for each of the 3
disorders.
10.4-2. Discuss the two theories discussed in the text about the possible causes of
narcissistic personality disorder.
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.4-2
Page Ref: 347-348
Skill: Factual
Answer: 1. Kohut--Children go through a phase of grandiosity and lack of empathy. If
parents mirror some of this grandiosity, children develop normal self-confidence and self-
worth. Narcissistic personality disorder develops if parents are neglectful, devaluing, or
unempathic to the child. The child then keeps searching for affirmation of an idealized
and grandiose sense of self. 2. Millon--Narcissistic personality disorder comes from
370
unrealistic parental overevaluation. Parents overindulge their child and teach the child
that he/she can get whatever he/she wants without effort or caring about others.
GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, 5 points for each theory.
10.4-3. Compare and contrast histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder.

Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.4-3
Page Ref: 349-354
Topic: Cluster B Personality Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: Both disorders are characterized by a need for attention, but the motivation
underlying this need differ. The histrionic personality desires attention in order to feel
valued and may use manipulative means to get the attention he or she craves. The
narcissistic personality appears to believe that he or she has great value, but seeks
admiration to confer this belief. While the histrionic desires any attention and will do
whatever is needed to get it, the narcissist desires admiration and praise. Both disorders
are characterized by vanity and a lack of concern for the emotions of others. These are
personality types that are needy, but in different ways. Histrionic personality disorder is a
more common diagnosis for women, while narcissism is more commonly seen in men.
GRADING RUBRIC - 8 points, 2 points for each of 2 similarities and 2 points for each
of 2 differences.
10.4-4. What are the research findings on psychopathy and learning?

Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.4-4
Page Ref: 361-362
Skill: Factual
Answer: Psychopaths show deficient avoidance learning. They have a lower than normal
fear potential startle response. They do not condition easily to fear. They have a deficient
behavior inhibition system - the neural system underlying anxiety. This causes them to
show the above-mentioned differences. Their behavioral activation system is normal or
overreactive, so they tend to focus on rewards. If caught, they focus on avoiding
punishment. Their dominant response set for rewards seems to interfere with their ability
to use punishment as a cue to change behavior.
10.4-5. What are the two dimensions of childhood temperament related to antisocial
personality disorder and psychopathy, and what is the relationship?
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.4-5
Page Ref: 361-362
Perspective
371
Skill: Conceptual
Answer: 1. Difficulty regulating emotions plus high levels of emotional reactivity,
including aggressive behaviors when responding to stress and negative emotions like
anger. This increases the risk of ASPD and the antisocial dimension of psychopathy. 2.
Few problems with regulating emotions, fearlessness, low anxiety and callous-
unemotional traits. These children show poor development of conscience, and their
aggressive behavior is more premeditated than reactive. This is correlated with the
interpersonal dimension of psychopathy. GRADING RUBRIC: 10 points, 4 for each
dimension and 2 for their relationship with the disorders.
372

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Chapter 10: Personality Disorders

10.1-1. There is a general agreement among researchers that personality

10.1-2. Individuals with personality disorders

10.1-3. Personality disorders were once known as

10.1-4. Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD,

10.1-5. Which statement about personality disorders is accurate?

10.1-7. The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders

10.1-10. Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders

10.1-12. The five- factor model

10.1-15. The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is

10.1-16. The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-IV-TR are

10.1-17. What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common?

10.1-18. Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder?

10.1-26. The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is

10.1-28. Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ

10.1-31. Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken

10.1-33. Visual, attentional, and memory deficits comparable to those seen in

10.1-34. Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to

10.1-35. Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following

10.1-38. Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with

10.1-39. Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who

10.1-46. Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from

10.1-50. A lack of parental indulgence of a child's overconfidence might play a

10.1-52. Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of

10.1-59. Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-

10.1-62. Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is

10.1-64. Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________

10.1-66. The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that

10.1-68. According to Paris (1999, 2007), a key causal factor in borderline

10.1-70. In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression

10.1-71. According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality

10.1-72. The research on the association between borderline personality disorder

10.1-74. The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop

10.1-76. Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to

10.1-77. In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder

10.1-78. Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is

10.1-80. Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to

10.1-85. The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent

10.1-89. The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described

10.1-90. Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set

10.1-91. What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

10.1-95. Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality

10.1-96. Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder

10.1-98. Dialectical behavior therapy is

10.1-99. Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial

10.1-101. Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial

10.1-102. The presence of psychopathy

10.1-105. In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment,

10.1-106. Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to

10.1-107. Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?

10.1-110. Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral

10.2-1. Cluster __________ Personality Disorders include Schizoid and Schizotypal

10.2-4. Cluster __________ personality disorders include Histrionic and Borderline

10.2-5. Cluster __________ Personality disorders include avoidant and dependent

10.3-1. Briefly describe the general characteristics of a personality disorder.

10.3-2. What complicates the diagnosis of personality disorders?

10.3-3. How does temperament relate to personality disorders?

10.3-5. Compare and contrast paranoid personality disorder and schizophrenia.

10.3-6. Which of the personality disorders appears to be most related to

10.3-7. Why is histrionic personality disorder more prevalent in women?

10.3-9. What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality