P.1.k.
Basic and clinical neuroscience − Epidemiology
References
[1] American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of
mental disorders. 5th Ed. Washington (DC): APA; 2013
[2] John G. Gunderson, M.D. Borderline Personality Disorder, N Engl J
Med 2011; 364: 2037–2042.
P.1.k.010 Influence of heavy metals on the Zangezur
copper and molybdenum factory employees
nervous system
L. Galstyan1 ° , H.M. Manvelyan1 1 Yerevan State Medical
University, Department of Neurology, Yerevan, Armenia,
Republic of
Introduction: It is confirmed that heavy metals have negative
influence on person’s health condition, who has professional
contact with them [1,2].
Series of studies were performed in the Zangezur copper and
molybdenum factory, in RA, which was devoted to the hygiene
aspects [3]. However, comprehensive studies on the employees’
health condition almost have not been performed.
Zangezur copper and molybdenum enrichment factory mine
powder contains silicon free oxide, copper and molybdenum
sulfur-containing minerals (chalcopyrite, galena, molybdenite,
pyrite and etc.). Copper content in the ore of the minerals is 2−3
and more times higher than the molybdenum minerals content.
In the ore there are also small amounts of toxic properties for
the other metals (lead, tin, zinc, selenium, tellurium, bismuth,
rhenium, cobalt). Mercury has not been found in the mine of
Zangezur copper and molybdenum factory.
Purpose of the study: The therapeutic profile morbidity
dimensional figures and structure by age, gender, professional
work experience and specialty were studied by us among factory
employees.
Methods used: The study included 1493 individuals from
factory employees. The research was conducted in 2007–2009
years. Socio-hygienic and statistical methods were used.
Summary of results containing real data and appropriate
statistical assessments: According to the above principles, the
research showed that
1. According to the age − diseases of the nervous system pre-
vailed in all age groups, intensive index reliably increase
recorded in 21−30 and 31−40 age groups.
2. According to the professional work experience − nervous
system diseases specific weight ranged from 54.5% to 65.3%
in all groups.
3. According to the profession − nervous system diseases spe-
cific weight dominated among technicians (56.5%), work-
ers (57.8%), and engineers (61.0%).
4. According to the sex − nervous system diseases specific weight
was the prevalent among the males (58.3%) and near 52.0% −
females.
A multifactor systematic analysis was conducted for ascer-
taining therapeutic profile morbidity picture by age, sex, work
experience and specialty between factory employers who had
professional contacts with ore and who did not have any con-
tacts. For such a study we calculated general therapeutic profile
morbidity among persons with ore contact and without it. Indexes
comparison was done using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
Conclusions: Therefore is highlighted professional contact,
work experience duration and gender factor with ore and from
S359
diseases essential and crucial importance has nervous disease
morbidity.
The aspects of the therapeutic profile morbidity formation
were studied among workers of Zangezur Copper Molybdenum
Combine. Some regularity was revealed, which showed that the
gender, specialty and occupational contact with mine had funda-
mental importance for formation of therapeutic profile among this
contingent. Age had certain, but not decisive influence.
References
[1] Ajayi, G.O., 2011. Copper and zinc concentrations in Nigerian women
with breast cancer. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 32(3), 307−8.
[2] Reutova, N.V., Vorobyov, T.I., Reutova, T.B., Tumova, A.M., 2007.
Analysis of morbidity in the area of the tungsten − molybdenum factory.
Hygiene and sanitation 4, 13−15.
[3] Martirosyan, A., Arghumanyan, G., Gabrielyan, G., Kazarian, G.,
2000. Kajaran city environmental protection program. 2000: 64 pages,
Yerevan, Armenia
P.1.k.011 Examination of self-esteem, body image, and
past incidents of trauma in patients with
obesity
B. Tezcan1 ° , F. Barlas2 , M.K. Vardar1 1 Bagcılar Training and
Research Hospital, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 Okmeydani
Training and Research Hospital, Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
Obesity is known as a chronic disease which has significant
potential to not only cause several health issues but also exacerbate
other comorbid diseases. It has been suggested that obesity could
be regarded as a psychosomatic condition that requires a compre-
hensive treatment including psychotherapeutic interventions [1].
In this regard, it has previously been shown that there is a
strong relationship between obesity and various factors that might
influence the status of one’s self-esteem [2]. Grilo et al. [3], for
example, found that 89% of the obese patients participated in
their study were exposed to traumatic abuse during childhood. In
the current study we examined various aspects of past and present
psychological factors in a group of obesity patients in comparison
to a control group of lean participants. We hypothesised that
obesity patients compared to the control group would tend to
have lower self-esteem, a stronger feeling of dissatisfaction with
their body, and more likely to have been exposed to traumatic
incidents in their past. The patient group included 50 participants
(39 women, M = 39.5, SD = 12.1) who were diagnosed as having
obesity at Florence Nightingale Hospital’s Endocrinology and
Cardiology Polyclinics and the control group consisted of 50 lean
participants (40 women, M = 40.0, SD = 11.9) who were chosen
among the relatives of various patients at FNH. Patients suffering
from serious psychiatric or physical disorder, psychoactive drugs
abuse or addiction or who have lower mental capacity were not
included. Body mass index of the individuals is measured. In
order to evaluate the self-esteem Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,
to evaluate the cathexis Body Cathexis Scale and to evaluate the
traumatic experiences Traumatic Experiences Scale was applied.
In this study it has been found out that the self-esteem of obese
people is considerably lower. (p = 0.001). The patient group stated
that they are highly dissatisfied with their bodies compared to
the lean ones (p < 0.001). The results showed that the correla-
tions between the obesity and witnessing other people’s traumatic
incidents, (informed until 18, it is often violence in family)
(p = 0.003), emotional neglect by mother and father (p = 0.017;
p = 0.027, respectively), physical abuse of the father (p = 0.037),
S360 P.1.k. Basic and clinical neuroscience − Epidemiology
sexual harassment by people out of the family (p = 0.012) were
significant. We also found that the proportion of having close
relatives with obesity (mother: 28%, father: 12%, siblings: 34%)
in the patient group was significantly higher (p = 0.022; p = 0.050;
p < 0.001, respectively) than that in the control group (mother:
10%, father: 2%, siblings: 6%). Additionally, the strength of
emotions (sadness, happiness, anxiety, anger) being the driving
force for eating was significantly higher in the patient than in
the control group (p < 0.001). Specifically, we found that obesity
patients would eat most when they are sad. Taken together,
these findings support the view that the individuals suffering
from obesity should be evaluated in terms of their psychological
status and both psychiatric and psychotherapeutic interventions
are required along with the medical treatment.
References
[1] Resch, M., Haasz, P., Sido, Z., 1998. Obesity as psychosomatic disease.
Eur Psychiatry 13: Sup 4, 315.
[2] Telch, C.F., Agras, W.S., 1994. Obesity, binge eating and psychopathol-
ogy: Are they related? Int J Eat Disord 5, 53−61.
[3] Grilo, C.M., ve ark, 2001. Childhood psychological, physical and sexual
maltreatment in outpatients with binge eating disorder. Obes Res 9,
320–325.
P.1.k.012 Correlation between ADHD and depression
among university students in Macedonia
L. Sushevska Panevska1 ° , K. Richter1 , G. Niklewski1 1 Klinikum
Nuernberg Nord, Klinik fuer Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie,
Nuernberg, Germany
Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder usually diagnosed
in children, with appearance of the first symptoms before the
age of seven years. The disorder is characterized by inattention
and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity that can seriously affect
many aspects of behavior and performance at school. ADHD may
significantly affect an individual through childhood as well as in
adulthood, especially if it is not optimally managed, has been asso-
ciated with lower professional status, crime, and substance abuse
ADHD can be associated with comorbidities, such as oppositional
defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety or depression.
The aim of our research was to determine the prevalence and
gender distribution of ADHD as well as to determine the subtypes
and conditions (in this case depression) associated with it.
Material and Methods: The study design was cross sectional.
There were 127 boys and 251 girls. The target group consists of
university students from the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Štip,
a town in Macedonia. The number of participants in the survey
is 500 respondents (in order to make better screening), from all
years of study and from all four study programs (general medicine,
dentistry, pharmacy and vocational studies). It represents 25% of
the total number of students of medical sciences and every fourth
student who attends the lectures will be included in the research.
Inclusion criteria: research concerns the students of the Faculty of
Medical Sciences who agree to participate in research. Exclusion
criteria: the research will not participate students who refuse to
participate because of personal reasons.
Results: The research results show that the ADHD is highly
significant associated with gender (p = 0.0004). Men more often
than women have this kind of disorder. Female examinees are
significantly (p = 0.028) more often depressed compared to male
examinees. The existence of depression can be recognised in 76
(30.3%) persons from the group of female students compared to
25 (29.7%) male students who suffer from depression according
to the scale results. The Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient
value is r = 0.173 for the examined connection between depression
and attention deficit, and r = 0.148 for the examined connection
between depression and hyperactivity/impulsiveness. These values
show that the examined correlations are positive ones or direct,
meaning that by increasing the values of the scores from both
subscales from the Evaluation ADHD Scale one also increases
the scores from the Depression Scale, and vice versa. For a value
of p = 0.001 and p = 0.004 these correlations are statistically highly
significant, in other words highly important.
Conclusion and Discussion: Our results are similar with the
results from the studies worldwide. The research results show
that the ADHD is highly associated with gender. Men more
often than women have this kind of disorder. Female students
have deficit of attention subtype, while man student have of-
ten hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder and combined subtype due
to psychological, temperament and character gender differences
among boys and girls.
References
[1] Faraone, S.V., Sergeant, J., Gillberg, C., Biederman, J., 2003. The
worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition? World
Psychiatry 2, 104–113.
[2] Zwi, M., Ramchandani, P., Joughin, C., 2000. Evidence and belief
in ADHD. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 321 (7267), 975−6.
[3] Gudjonsson, G.H., et al., 2009. The relationship between satisfaction
with life, ADHD symptoms and associated problem among university
students. Journal of Attention Disorders 12, 507–515.
P.1.k.013 Predictors of subjective successful aging
in community-dwelling elderly: Comparing
elders living alone and those living with
others
I. Shin1 ° , H. Baek1 , H. Shin2 , J. Kim1 , S. Kim1 , J. Yoon1
1 Chonnam National University Hospital, Psychiatry, Gwangju,
South-Korea; 2 Chonnam National University Medical School,
Biomedical Science, Gwangju, South-Korea
Objectives: Successful aging has been a subject of increasing
public interest as the number of old aged population has been
growing very rapidly. Most of studies is based on objective
measures of successful aging without chronic disease and disabil-
ity along with high cognitive, physical, and social functioning.
There is a need for research to assess subjective perceptions on
successful aging as psychological functioning, and overall health
from a holistic perspective. There has been a few studies of self-
rated successful aging in community-dwelling elderly. This study
was aimed to investigate factors affecting successful aging in
community-dwelling elderly Korean population. Also, the purpose
of this study is to compare factors in living alone elderly and living
with others.
Methods: This study is a community-based, cross-sectional
study that included 434 elderly subjects aged 60 years and more.
Four research assistants, trained and supervised by the project
psychiatrist, conducted home-based interviews for all participating
residents. Subjects completed the questionnaire including sociode-
mographic characteristics (age, sex, education, spouse, religion),
health behaviors (smoking, drinking), and chronic medical ill-
ness (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, rheumatism/
arthritis). Korean Mini-Mental Sate Examination in the Korean