MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI NAȚIONALE

COLEGIUL TEHNIC ENERGETIC

SIBIU

LUCRARE PENTRU OBŢINEREA

ATESTATULUI DE COMPETENŢĂ

LINGVISTICĂ LA LIMBA ENGLEZĂ

Profesor coordonator:

Prof. Soare Constanţa

Elev:

Ghișe Horațiu-Laurian- Andrei

SIBIU
2023
 MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION

ENERGETIC TECHNICAL COLLEGE SIBIU

THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

MANCHESTER CITY

Scientific Advisor:

Soare Constanţa, Teacher

Student:

Ghișe Horațiu-Laurian- Andrei

SIBIU
2023
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 4

CHAPTER I- THE HISTORY OF FOOTBALL (SOCCER) 5

CHAPTER 2- HISTORY OF THE CLUB 9

CHAPTER 3- OTHER DETAILS ABOUT THE CLUB 15

3.1. CLUB BADGE AND COLOURS 15

3.2. KITS 18
3.3. PLAYERS OF ALL TIME 19

SOURCES USED 21
INTRODUCTION

There is no denying that as boys, we have always spent most of our free time
playing football. Football for us has always been more than just a sport, it is also an
opportunity of bonding, making new friends and also building strong friendships with the
other children. Also, football has been a nice pastime for us both as kid and as teenagers
and young men, not only when played but also when watched on television. We all get
maybe too emotional when our favourite team or player plays, we get a bit angry if they
lose, basically we rejoice or suffer together with them, as their victories as well as losses
become ours.

If as children we usually rather play the sport, as the time passes and we grow out
of our active way of spending time with friends, we move from playing it to watching it,
but it seems to be quite equally rewarding.

In Romania, as well as elsewhere, many children grow with this sport, which helps
them make friends and socialise with them, but it is also a companion for those kids that
might feel rather shy and withdrawn. Sport in general, but mostly team sports, such as
football usually help children get out of that shell of shyness and become more open and
easy to befriend. Besides helping children with becoming more emotionally mature, as
well as socialising and also having fun while doing something they enjoy.

Furthermore, sports and mainly sports people can also be an inspiration for young
children, especially for those coming from poorer social and economic backgrounds.
Seeing how well some sports people perform can definitely be an inspiration to want to
become the same when you grow up, thus children can learn about discipline,
responsibility, team spirit, ambition and dedication.

On a more personal note, I have always loved football and obviously in my free
time I play football with my friends. In fact, this is the main reason why I chose this topic
for my paper. Another reason for choosing to present this particular sport and team-
Manchester City, is that, even though throughout the times there have been many talented
players that I admire, my all-time favourite is Kevin De Bruyne, who plays for this team.
He is, actually, famous for his style of playing and for his ability to seize and to create
opportunities to score a goal.

4
 CHAPTER I- THE HISTORY OF FOOTBALL (SOCCER)

According to the online Cambridge dictionary, football, also known as soccer, is a

game played between two teams of eleven people, where each team tries to win by kicking
a ball into the other team's goal, or if we are referring to American football, a game for two
teams of eleven players in which an oval ball is moved along the field by running with it or
throwing it. Of course these two definitions are very short and lack many details pertaining
to the rules of the game as well as to its actual development on the field.
But let us try to give it a more comprising definition or explanation. Football is
from the family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot
to score a goal. One should also bear in mind that there are various types of football around
the world, so maybe a clear cut definition would be impossible to give. Unqualified, the
word football is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in
the regional context in which the word appears. Sports commonly called 'football' in
certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron
football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules
football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football. These
different variations of football are known as football codes.
Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as
popular peasant games. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the
codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century. The
expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British
influence outside of the directly controlled Empire. By the end of the nineteenth century,
distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately
incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.
Football (or soccer) has a history that dates back several thousand years. Evidence
of a ball game played with the feet dates back to ancient civilizations in China, Greece, and
Rome. However, the modern version of the sport can be traced back to England in the 19th
century. The sport quickly gained popularity and spread to other countries, particularly in
Europe and South America. Today, football is the most popular sport in the world, with
millions of fans and players across the globe. The sport is governed by the Fédération

5
Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), which was founded in 1904 and is
responsible for organizing international tournaments such as the World Cup.
The contemporary history of the world's favourite game spans more than 100 years.
It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off
on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed - becoming
the sport's first governing body.
Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately
branched ancestral tree. A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different
games, varying to different degrees, and to which the historical development of football
has been traced back.
The first known examples of a team game involving a ball, which was made out of
a rock, occurred in old Mesoamerican cultures for over 3000 years ago. The ball would
symbolize the sun and the captain of the losing team would be sacrificed to the gods.
The very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an
exercise from a military manual dating back to the second and third centuries BC in China.
This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a
leather ball filled with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in
width, into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes. According to one variation of this
exercise, the player was not permitted to aim at his target unimpeded, but had to use his
feet, chest, back and shoulders while trying to withstand the attacks of his opponents. Use
of the hands was not permitted.
Another form of the game, also originating from the Far East, was the Japanese
Kemari, which began some 500-600 years later and is still played today. This is a sport
lacking the competitive element of Tsu' Chu with no struggle for possession involved.
Standing in a circle, the players had to pass the ball to each other, in a relatively small
space, trying not to let it touch the ground.
The Greek 'Episkyros' - of which few concrete details survive - was much livelier,
as was the Roman 'Harpastum'. The latter was played out with a smaller ball by two teams
on a rectangular field marked by boundary lines and a centre line. The objective was to get
the ball over the opposition's boundary lines and as players passed it between themselves,
trickery was the order of the day. The game remained popular for 700-800 years, but,
although the Romans took it to Britain with them, the use of feet was so small as to
scarcely be of consequence.

6
 It was the Roman culture that would bring football to the British island
(Britannica). It is, however, uncertain in which degree the British people were influenced
by this variability and in which degree they had developed their own variants. The most
admitted story tells that the game was developed in England under the 12th century. In this
century games that reminded of football were played on meadows and roads in England.
Besides from kicks, the game involved also punches of the ball with the fist. This early
form of football was also much more ruff and more violent than the modern way of
playing. An important feature of the forerunners to football was that the games did involve
plenty of people and took place over large areas in towns (an equivalent was played in
Florence from the 16th Century where it was called Calcio). The rampage of these games
would cause damage on the town and sometimes death. These would be among the reasons
for the proclamations against it game that finally was forbidden in several centuries. But
the football-like games would appear again in the streets of London in the 17th Century.
It took, however, long time until the features of today’s football had been taken into
practice. For a long time it was no clear distinction between football and rugby. There were
also many variations concerning the size of the ball, the number of players and the length
of a match.
Football clubs have existed since the 15th century, but unorganized and without
official status. It is therefore hard to decide which the first football club was. Some
historians suggest that it was the Foot-Ball Club formed 1824 in Edinburgh. Earlier clubs
were often formed by former school students and the first of this kind was formed in
Sheffield in 1855. The oldest among professional football clubs is the English club Notts
County that was formed in 1862 and still exists today.
An important step for the emergence of teams was the industrialization that lead to
larger groups of peoples could meet at places such as factories, pubs and churches. In
bigger cities football teams were established and the new railroads could bring them to
other cities. 
In the beginning football was dominated by public school teams, but later on most
of the teams would consist of workers. Another change was successively taking place
when some clubs became willing to pay the best players to join their team. This would be
the start of a long period of transition, not without friction, in which the game would
develop to a professional stadium.

7
 The motivation behind paying players was not only to win more matches, but in the
1880s the interest in the game has moved ahead to a level that tickets were sold to the
matches.
In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of
many professional football competitions. During the twentieth century, several of the
various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the
world. The various codes of football share certain common elements: players in American
football, Canadian football, and rugby union and rugby league take up positions in a
limited area of the field at the start of the game. They tend to use throwing and running as
the main ways of moving the ball and only kick on certain limited occasions. Body
tackling is a major skill, and games typically involve short passages of play of 5–90
seconds.
And finally, in 1885 professional football was legalized and three years later the
Football League was established. During the first season, 12 clubs were joining the league,
but soon more clubs become interested and the competition would consequently expand
into more divisions. Other milestones were now to follow. Football Association Challenge
Cup (FA Cup) became the first important competition when it was run in 1871. The next
year was the first match between two national teams played for the first time. The match
was between England and Scotland, ended 0-0 and was followed by 4000 people at
Hamilton Crescent.
The first international tournament occurred in 1883 and included four national
teams: England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Few other sports show examples of passion
to that extent as football. The arenas are flocked by shearing people; and in front of
television even more are watching carefully and sometimes with great enthusiasm.
Already in the late 19th century Goodison Park was built in England in purpose of
football games. In the 1894 FA Cup final between Notts County and Bolton Wanderers
was attended by 37,000 people.
A milestone in football stadiums is the construction of Maracanã Stadium, opened
in 1950 the imposing stadium in Rio de Janeiro was ready for almost 200,000 people. No
other sports have been built stadiums of that capacity.
In time, football has become more than just a sport to entertain millions of fans, but
also a very profitable business, not only for the players, but rather for the managers and the
owners of the clubs, as well as the organizers of games. Televisions and sponsors alike pay
huge amounts of money to support one team or another or to broadcast live the most

8
awaited for matches. Behind what we know and like in football, there is a whole new
industry, profiting of the fame of this sport in order to make a lot of money.

9
CHAPTER 2- HISTORY OF THE CLUB

Manchester City Football Club is an English football club based in Manchester that

competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Founded in 1880 as St.
Mark's (West Gorton), it became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887 and
Manchester City in 1894. The club's home ground is the Etihad Stadium in east
Manchester, to which it moved in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. The club
adopted their sky blue home shirts in 1894 in the first season of the club's current iteration,
that have been used ever since. In terms of trophies won, it is the fifth-most successful club
in English football.
City gained their first honours by winning the Second Division in 1899; with it
came promotion to the highest level in English football, the First Division. They went on to
claim their first major honour on 23 April 1904, beating Bolton Wanderers 1–0 at Crystal
Palace to win the FA Cup; City narrowly missed out on a League and Cup double that
season after finishing runners-up in the League but City became the first club in
Manchester to win a major honour. In the seasons following the FA Cup triumph, the club
was dogged by allegations of financial irregularities, culminating in the suspension of
seventeen players in 1906, including captain Billy Meredith, who subsequently moved
across town to Manchester United. A fire at Hyde Road destroyed the main stand in 1920,
and in 1923 the club moved to their new purpose-built stadium at Maine Road in Moss
Side.
In the 1930s, Manchester City reached two consecutive FA Cup finals, losing
to Everton in 1933, before claiming the Cup by beating Portsmouth in 1934. During the
1934 cup run, Manchester City broke the record for the highest home attendance of any
club in English football history, as 84,569 fans packed Maine Road for a sixth-round FA
Cup tie against Stoke City in 1934 a record which stood until 2016. The club won the First
Division title for the first time in 1937, but were relegated the following season, despite
scoring more goals than any other team in the division. Twenty years later, a City team
inspired by a tactical system known as the Revie Plan reached consecutive FA Cup finals
again, in 1955 and 1956; just as in the 1930s, they lost the first one, to Newcastle United,
and won the second. The 1956 final, in which Manchester City beat Birmingham City 3–1,
saw City goalkeeper Bert Trautmann continuing to play on after unknowingly breaking his
neck.
After being relegated to the Second Division in 1963, the future looked bleak with
a record low home attendance of 8,015 against Swindon Town in January 1965. In the
summer of 1965, the management team of Joe Mercer and Malcolm Allison was
appointed. In the first season under Mercer, City won the Second Division title and made
important signings in Mike Summerbee and Colin Bell. Two seasons later, in 1967–68,
Manchester City claimed the League Championship for the second time, clinching the title
on the final day of the season with a 4–3 win at Newcastle United and beating their close
neighbours Manchester United into second place. Further trophies followed: City won the

10
FA Cup in 1969 before achieving European success by winning the European Cup
Winners' Cup in 1970, beating Górnik Zabrze 2–1 in Vienna. City also won the League
Cup that season, becoming the second English team to win a European trophy and a
domestic trophy in the same season.
The club continued to challenge for honours throughout the 1970s, finishing one
point behind the league champions on two occasions and reaching the final of the 1974
League Cup. One of the matches from this period that is most fondly remembered by
supporters of Manchester City is the final match of the 1973–74 season against arch-rivals
Manchester United, who needed to win to have any hope of avoiding relegation. Former
United player Denis Law scored with a backheel to give City a 1–0 win at Old Trafford
and confirm the relegation of their rivals. The final trophy of the club's most successful
period to date was won in 1976, when Newcastle United were beaten 2–1 in the League
Cup final.

A long period of decline followed the success of the 1960s and 1970s. Malcolm
Allison rejoined the club to become manager for the second time in 1979, but squandered
large sums of money on several unsuccessful signings, such as Steve Daley. A succession
of managers then followed – seven in the 1980s alone. Under John Bond, City reached the
1981 FA Cup final but lost in a replay to Tottenham Hotspur. The club were twice
relegated from the top flight in the 1980s (in 1983 and 1987), but returned to the top flight
again in 1989 and finished fifth in 1991 and 1992 under the management of Peter
Reid. However, this was only a temporary respite, and following Reid's departure
Manchester City's fortunes continued to fade. City were co-founders of the Premier
League upon its creation in 1992, but after finishing ninth in its first season they endured
three seasons of struggle before being relegated in 1996. After two seasons in Division
One, City fell to the lowest point in their history, becoming the second ever European
trophy winners to be relegated to their country's third league tier, after 1. FC Magdeburg of
Germany.
After relegation, the club underwent off-the-field upheaval, with new
chairman David Bernstein introducing greater fiscal discipline. Under manager Joe Royle,
City were promoted at the first attempt, achieved in dramatic fashion in a play-off
against Gillingham. A second successive promotion saw City return to the top division, but
this proved to have been a step too far for the recovering club, and in 2001 City were

11
relegated once more. Kevin Keegan replaced Royle as manager in the close season, and
achieved an immediate return to the top division as the club won the 2001–02 Division
One championship, breaking club records for the number of points gained and goals scored
in a season in the process. The 2002–03 season was the last at Maine Road, and included a
3–1 derby victory over rivals Manchester United, ending a run of 13 years without
a derby win. City also qualified for European competition for the first time in 25 years. In
the 2003 close season, the club moved to the new City of Manchester Stadium. The first
four seasons at the stadium all resulted in mid-table finishes. Former England
manager Sven-Göran Eriksson became the club's first manager from overseas when
appointed in 2007. After a bright start, performances faded in the second half of the
season, and Eriksson was sacked in June 2008. Eriksson was replaced by Mark
Hughes two days later on 4 June 2008.
By 2008, the club was in a financially precarious position. Thaksin Shinawatra had
taken control of the club the year before, but his political travails saw his assets
frozen. Then, in August 2008, the club was purchased by the Abu Dhabi United Group.
The takeover was immediately followed by a flurry of bids for high-profile players; the
club broke the British transfer record by signing Brazilian international Robinho from Real
Madrid for £32.5 million. There wasn't a huge improvement in performance compared to
the previous season despite the influx of money however, with the team finishing tenth,
although they did well to reach the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup. During the summer of
2009, the club took transfer spending to an unprecedented level, with an outlay of over
£100 million on players Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel
Adebayor, Carlos Tevez and Joleon Lescott. In December 2009, Mark Hughes – who had
been hired shortly before the change in ownership but was originally retained by the new
board – was replaced as manager by Roberto Mancini. City finished the season in fifth
position in the Premier League, narrowly missing out on a place in the Champions League,
and competed in the UEFA Europa League in season 2010–11.
Continued investment in players followed in successive seasons, and results began
to match the upturn in player quality. City reached the 2011 FA Cup Final, their first major
final in over 30 years, after defeating derby rivals Manchester United in the semi-final, the
first time they had knocked their rival out of a cup competition since 1975. They
defeated Stoke City 1–0 in the final, securing their fifth FA Cup, the club's first major
trophy since winning the 1976 League Cup. In the same week, the club qualified for
the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1968 with a 1–0 Premier League win
over Tottenham Hotspur. On the last day of the 2010–11 season, City beat out Arsenal for
third place in the Premier League, thereby securing qualification directly into the
Champions’ League group stage.
Strong performances continued to follow in the 2011–12 season, with the club
beginning the following season in commanding form, including beating Tottenham 5–1
at White Hart Lane and humbling Manchester United by a 6–1 scoreline at Old Trafford.
Although the strong form waned halfway through the season, and City at one point fell
eight points behind United with only six games left to play, a slump by United allowed the
blue side of Manchester to draw back level with two games to go, setting up a thrilling

12
finale to the season with both teams going into the last day equal on points (City led by
eight goals in goal difference). Despite City only needing a home win against Queens Park
Rangers, a team in the relegation zone, they fell 1-2 behind by the end of normal time,
leading some of United's players to finish their game, a 1-0 win at Sunderland, celebrating
in the belief that they had won the league. Two goals in injury time – the second by Sergio
Agüero in the fourth added minute – resulted in an almost-literal last-minute 3-2 title
victory, City's first in 44 years, with which they became only the fifth team to win the
Premier League since its creation in 1992. In its aftermath, the event was described by
media sources from the UK and around the world as the greatest moment in Premier
League history. The game was also notable for former City player Joey Barton's sending
off, where he committed three separate red card-able incidents on three players in the space
of only a couple of seconds, resulting in a 12-match ban.
The following season City failed to capitalise on the gains made in the first two full
seasons of Mancini's reign. While City rarely seemed likely to drop below second in the
table, they posed little title challenge all season. In the Champions League, the club was
eliminated at the group stage for a second successive season, while a second FA Cup final
in three seasons ended in a 1–0 defeat to relegated Wigan Athletic. Mancini was dismissed
two days later, ostensibly as he had failed to reach his targets for the season, but BBC
Sports Editor David Bond reported he had been sacked for his poor communication and
relationships with players and executives. The Chilean Manuel Pellegrini was named City's
new manager.
In Pellegrini's first season, City won the League Cup and regained the Premier
League title on the last day of the season. However, City's league form was less impressive
in the next couple of years and by 2016 they were finishing in their lowest position since
2010. Pellegrini's reign was ended despite a further League Cup win and the club's best
ever finish in the Champions League.
Pep Guardiola, former manager of Barcelona and Bayern Munich, is the current
manager, who has been in charge since the dismissal of Pellegrini in 2016. Under
Guardiola, Manchester City won the 2017–18 Premier League title with the highest points
total in Premier League history and broke numerous other club and English league
records along the way. They also won the EFL Cup that year and Sergio Agüero became
the club's all-time leading goalscorer.

13
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manchester_City_pitch_invasion.JPG

Guardiola then guided the club in 2018–19 to retain their Premier League and EFL

Cup titles; the first time in Manchester City's history that the club had completed any
successful title defence. The team then went on to also win the FA Cup and so complete an
unprecedented treble of English domestic men's titles.
In 2020, UEFA banned the club from European competitions for two seasons for
alleged breaches of the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations; the club appealed to
the Court of Arbitration for Sport, who overturned the ban within months, finding that
some allegations were above the five-years-old limit for such UEFA investigations, while
the other allegations were unproven. The CAS also reduced UEFA's fine from €30 to €10
million.
In April 2021, it was announced that City had joined the proposed European Super
League as one of its twelve founder members together with the five other "Big Six"
English football clubs. However, the announcement led to widespread condemnation
from The Football Association, the Premier League, UEFA and FIFA, as well as from the
UK's Conservative government and Prime Minister Boris Johnson. Within 48 hours of the
initial announcement on 20 April, City had announced that they had withdrawn from the
Super League to be followed shortly by the other five English clubs. By the following day,
only three of the original founders, Barcelona, Real Madrid and Juventus remained
committed, and it seemed that the proposal had collapsed.
In the COVID-19 affected 2020–21 Premier League season, City regained their title
from Liverpool, becoming champions for the third time in four years. They ended the
season twelve points ahead of second-placed Manchester United, winning the title with
three games to spare. They also won the EFL Cup for a record-equalling fourth
consecutive season and eighth time in total, beating Tottenham 1–0 in the final. Their
league victory was the tenth league and cup title of Guardiola's five year tenure, making

14
him the most successful manager in the club's history. The season was highlighted by City
reaching their first-ever UEFA Champions League final, where they met Chelsea, making
it the third all-English final in the competition's history. However, the Citizens were
defeated 1–0 at the Estádio do Dragão in Porto, courtesy of a Kai Havertz goal. Still, City's
breakthrough marked its most successful European campaign to date.
A further report from Der Spiegel in April 2022 claimed, based on leaked internal
documents, that the Abu Dhabi owners had previously made payments into the club
disguised as sponsorship payments by Emirati companies like Etihad and Etisalat (the
same claim that the club had successfully defended at CAS in 2020); Sheikh
Mansour‘s Abu Dhabi United Group (ADUG) had allegedly indirectly paid for underage
players to sign with the club; and that the club had allegedly used a fictitious contract
between Roberto Mancini and Mansour‘s Al Jazira Club to pay large compensation fees to
the former manager in addition to his salary. It also claimed that these three cases were
under investigation by the Premier League for the last three years. In response, the club
dismissed these claims as untrue and another attempt to undermine the reputation and
integrity of the club.

15
CHAPTER 3- OTHER DETAILS ABOUT THE CLUB

3.1. Club badge and colours

Manchester City's home colours are sky blue and white. Traditional
away kit colours have been either maroon or (from the 1960s) red and black; however, in
recent years several colours have been used. The origins of the club's home colours are
unclear, but there is evidence that the club has worn blue since 1892 or earlier. A booklet
entitled Famous Football Clubs – Manchester City published in the 1940s indicates that
West Gorton (St. Marks) originally played in scarlet and black, and reports dating from
1884 describe the team wearing black jerseys bearing a white cross, showing the club's
origins as a church side.  The red and black away colours used infrequently yet recurrently
come from former assistant manager Malcolm Allison, who believed that adopting the
colours of AC Milan would inspire City to glory. Allison's theory worked, with City
winning the 1969 FA Cup Final, 1970 League Cup Final and the 1970 European Cup
Winners' Cup Final in red and black stripes as opposed to the club's home kit of sky blue.
City have previously worn three other badges on their shirts, prior to their current
badge which was implemented in 2016. The first, introduced in 1970, was based on
designs which had been used on official club documentation since the mid-1960s. It
consisted of a circular badge which used the same shield as the current badge (including a
ship, based on the City of Manchester coat of arms), inside a circle bearing the name of the
club. In 1972, this was replaced by a variation which replaced the lower half of the shield
with the red rose of Lancashire. In 1976, a heraldic badge was granted by the College of
Arms to the English Football League for use by City. The badge consisted of the familiar
ship above a red rose but on a circular device instead of a shield (blazoned as "A roundel
per fess azure and argent in chief a three masted ship sails set pennons flying or in base a
rose gules barbed and seeded proper").
On occasions when Manchester City played in a major cup final, the club wore
shirts bearing a badge of the arms of the City of Manchester, as a symbol of pride in
representing the city at a major event. This practice originated from a time when the
players' shirts did not normally bear a badge of any kind. The club has since abandoned the
practice; for the 2011 FA Cup Final, its first in the 21st century, City used the usual badge
with a special legend, but the Manchester coat of arms was included as a small
monochrome logo in the numbers on the back of players' shirts.
16
 A new club badge was adopted in 1997, as a result of the previous badge being
ineligible for registration as a trademark. This badge was based on the arms of the city
of Manchester, and consisted of a shield in front of a golden eagle. The eagle is an old
heraldic symbol of the city of Manchester; a golden eagle was added to the city's badge in
1958 (but has since been removed), representing the growing aviation industry. The shield
features a ship on its upper half representing the Manchester Ship Canal, and three
diagonal stripes in the lower half symbolise the city's three rivers – the Irwell, the Irk and
the Medlock. The bottom of the badge bears the motto "Superbia in Proelio", which
translates as "Pride in Battle" in Latin. Above the eagle and shield are three stars, which
are purely decorative.

1926
1880-1894 1960s

1970-1972 1972-1976 1976-1981

1981-1997 1997-2016 2016-present

On 15 October 2015, following years of criticism from the fans over the design of
the 1997 badge, the club announced they intended to carry out a fan consultation on
whether to disregard the club badge and institute a new design. After the consultation, the
club announced in late November 2015 the current club badge would be replaced in due
course by a new version which would be designed in the style of the older, circular
variants. A design purporting to be the new badge was unintentionally leaked two days
early prior to the official unveiling on 26 December 2015 by the IPO when the design was

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trademarked on 22 December. The new design was officially unveiled at the club's home
match on 26 December against Sunderland.
Founded as St. Mark’s (West Gordon), the club was renamed Ardwick in 1887 and
become a founding member of the second division in 1892, two years before they took the
name Manchester City. In 1899 they were the first club in history to be promoted to the
first division, then the first club in Manchester to win a major trophy: the 1904 FA Cup. It
had its first major period of success in the late 1960s, winning the League, FA Cup and
League Cup. In 1970 the club won the Uefa Cup Winners’ Cup. In the 1980s the club went
through a period of decline, which eventually saw them relegated as far down as third tier
of English football by the end of the 1997-98 season. They promoted again to the top tier
in 2001-2002 and have remained a fixture in the Premier League since 2002-03. In 2008,
history took a fresh turn when City were bought by investors from Abu Dhabi for
£210 million, making the club one of the wealthiest in the world, with buying power to
sign major players. After decades of waiting Manchester City become league champions in
2012, 2014. 2018 and 2019. Manchester City’s biggest rivalry is with neighbors
Manchester United against whom they contest the Manchester derby. Man City also has a
very notable rivalry with Liverpool FC. City have previously worn three other badges on
their shirts, prior to their current badge which was implemented in 2016. The first,
introduced in 1970, was based on designs which had been used on official club
documentation since the mid-1960s. It consisted of a circular badge which used the same
shield as the current badge, inside a circle bearing the name of the club. In 1972, this was
replaced by a variation which replaced the lower half of the shield with the red rose of
Lancashire.
A new club badge was adopted in 1997, as a result of the previous badge being
ineligible for registration as a trademark. This badge was based on the arms of the city of
Manchester and consisted of a shield in front of a golden eagle. The eagle is an old heraldic
symbol of the city of Manchester; a golden eagle was added to the city’s badge in 1958
(but has since been removed), representing the growing aviation industry. The shield
features a ship on its upper half representing the Manchester Ship Canal and three diagonal
stripes in the lower half symbolise the city’s three rivers – the Irwell, the Irk and the
Medlock. The bottom of the badge bears the motto “Superbia in Proelio“, which translates
as “Pride in Battle” in Latin. Above the eagle and shield are three stars, which are purely
decorative. On 15 October 2015, following years of criticism from the fans over the design
of the 1997 badge, the club announced they intended to carry out a fan consultation on

18
whether to disregard the club badge and institute a new design. After the consultation, the
club announced in late November 2015 the current club badge would be replaced in due
course by a new version which would be designed in the style of the older, circular
variants. The new design was officially unveiled end of 2015.

3.2. Kits

Kit sponsors and shirt sponsors

Kit deals

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3.3. Players of all time
First-team squad

As of 10 May 2021

Player of the Year

Each season since the end of the 1966–67 season, the members of the Manchester
City Official Supporters Club have voted by ballot to choose the player on the team they
feel is the most worthy of recognition for his performances during that season. The
following table lists all of the recipients of this award since 2000.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C

National Football Museum Hall of Fame

The following former Manchester City players and managers are inductees in
the English Football Hall of Fame (a.k.a. the National Football Museum Hall of Fame) and
are listed according to the year of their induction within the various categories:

20
 Premier League Hall of Fame

The following players have been inducted into the Premier League Hall of Fame,
which is the hall of fame for association football players that have played in the Premier
League. Inaugurated in 2020 but delayed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Hall
of Fame is intended to recognise and honour players that have achieved great success and
made a significant contribution to the league since its founding in 1992.

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SOURCES USED

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C._supporters
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_City_F.C.
 https://www.mancity.com/
 https://www.espn.com/soccer/team/_/id/382

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