Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

Animal Diversity 7th Edition Hickman Roberts

Keen Larson Eisenhour 0073524255
9780073524252
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Chapter 07
Cnidarians and Ctenophores

True / False Questions

1. The radiate animals represent the tissue-organ level of organization.

FALSE

2. Cnidarians are widespread in marine habitats, but there are a few freshwater forms.
TRUE

3. Most of the hydrozoans are colonial marine animals with both an asexual polyp and a
sexual medusa stage in their life cycle.
TRUE

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

4. The freshwater Hydra has a medusa stage in its life cycle.

FALSE

5. Some nematocysts do not inject poison.

TRUE

6. The central nervous system of cnidarians includes a brain.

FALSE

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

7. Radial symmetry benefits animals that actively move in certain directions because they
approach their environment from all sides equally.
FALSE

8. Nematocysts are found in some cells lining the gastrovascular cavity of scyphozoans.
TRUE

9. The anthozoans include the marine sea anemones and corals.

TRUE

10. All ctenophores are marine, and most of them are free-swimming forms.
TRUE

11. The most typical habitat of cnidarians is the shallow, warm ocean.
TRUE

12. Some fish eat cnidarians, and then use the ingested nematocysts for their own defense.
FALSE

13. The neuromuscular system first evolved in the cnidarians.

TRUE

14. Ctenophores, also known as sea wasps, are responsible for many fatal stings in tropical
waters.
FALSE

Multiple Choice Questions

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

15. Compared to the sponges, the radial animals are much more advanced in their
A. respiratory system.
B. excretory system.
C. nervous system.
D. circulatory system.

16. A common characteristic of cnidarians is

A. an osculum.
B. dimorphism and often polymorphism.
C. gills.
D. choanocytes.

17. Nematocysts are expelled when

A. the osmotic pressure reaches 140 atmospheres.
B. the hydrostatic pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure.
C. the internal hydrostatic pressure increases when water enters due to osmotic pressure
inside.
D. the cnidocil stimulates the cnidocyte to decrease hydrostatic pressure and increase osmotic
pressure.

18. Hydra reproduces asexually by means of

A. buds.
B. nematocysts.
C. gland cells.
D. gametes.

19. Digestion in cnidarians is

A. intracellular only.
B. extracellular only.
C. both extracellular and intracellular.
D. none of these

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

20. The class of cnidarians with the most conspicuous medusa stage is
A. Hydrozoa.
B. Scyphozoa.
C. Anthozoa.
D. Ctenophora.

21. The medusa of Obelia is the

A. sexual jellyfish stage.
B. sexual colonial stage.
C. asexual jellyfish stage.
D. asexual colonial stage.

22. In Obelia, the feeding polyp is the

A. perisarc.
B. gonangium.
C. manubrium.
D. hydranth.

23. Zooxanthelae
A. fix carbon dioxide and photosynthesize in a non-symbiotic relationship.
B. recycle phosphorus and nitrogenous waste compounds.
C. are found in river outflows with high turbidity.
D. detract from the ability of coral to deposit calcium carbonate.

24. The correct sequence in the life cycle of the jellyfish Aurelia is
A. planula, ephyra, scyphistoma.
B. scyphistoma, planula, ephyra.
C. planula, scyphistoma, ephyra.
D. ephyra, planula, scyphistoma.

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

25. The function of rhopalia is

A. digestive.
B. respiratory.
C. food capture.
D. sensory.

26. Sea anemones and corals lack

A. a sexual stage.
B. an asexual stage.
C. a polyp stage.
D. a medusa stage.

27. The function of the siphonoglyph is

A. to pump water into the gastrovascular cavity.
B. to sting the prey.
C. to aid in swimming.
D. unknown.

28. A pharynx and siphonoglyphs are structures found in

A. Hydra.
B. sea anemones.
C. Aurelia.
D. Obelia.

29. Reef-building corals have mutualistic algal cells in their tissues called
A. coralline algae.
B. zooxanthellae.
C. kelp.
D. Euglena.

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

30. Ctenophores capture prey by use of

A. nematocysts.
B. collenchyme.
C. colloblasts.
D. statocysts.

31. In cnidarians, extracellular digestion occurs in the

A. gastrovascular cavity.
B. gastrodermal cells.
C. mesoderm.
D. nematocysts.

32. Coral reefs are limited to areas

A. of shallow water.
B. of upwelling.
C. near river outflows.
D. of high latitudes.

33. The ______________ are often bioluminescent.

A. anthozoans
B. ctenophores
C. hydrozoans
D. scyphozoans

Fill in the Blank Questions

34. The morphological type adapted to a sedentary or sessile life is the _________, and that
adapted for floating or free-swimming existence is the _____________.
polyp; medusa

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

35. The nematocyst is enclosed within the cell that secreted it, called a ________________.
cnidocyte

36. The structure of the nervous system in cnidarians is referred to as a _________________.

nerve net

37. The body wall of a Hydra consists of an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis with
______________ between them.
mesoglea

38. The ciliated larva of the cnidarians is called a ________.

planula

39. The tall secretory cells around the pedal disc and mouth of Hydra are the ___________
cells.
gland

40. Most of the zooids of Obelia are feeding polyps called ____________________.
hydranths or gastrozooids

41. Molecular evidence suggests that hydrozoans, scyphozoans, and cubozoans shared a
common ancestor with an anthozoan life cycle and a ___________ form later to the life
cycle.
medusoid

42. The small organs of equilibrium in scyphozoan jellyfishes are called _____________, and
these are borne in more complex sense organs called ________________.
statocysts; rhopalia

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Chapter 07 - Cnidarians and Ctenophores

43. A distinguishing characteristic of cubozoan medusae is the presence of a flattened blade

called a _________________ at the base of the tentacles.
pedalium

44. The long threadlike structures that help to overcome prey and provide defense in sea
anemones are called _______________.
acontia

45. Ctenophores are propelled by eight plates bearing long, fused ____________.
cilia

46. The three types of nematocysts in the Hydra are the penetrants, the glutinants, and the
___________.
volvents

47. Sea anemones may exhibit an unusual form of asexual reproduction by

________________.
pedal laceration

48. Octocorallian corals include soft corals, sea pansies, sea pens, and sea fans and other
gorgonian corals (horny corals). All of these are characterized by strict _________________
symmetry.
octomerous

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