Present Perfect

What is it?
The present perfect tense is a verb tense used to express a relationship of action
between the present and the past. That is, the action started in the past and is still in the
present.
Uses and functions
The present perfect is used for actions that occurred at a non-specific time before now.
The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific time
expressions ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year"...) with the present perfect. The
present perfect can be used with non-specific time expressions ("never", "ever", "many
times", "for", "since", "already", "yet"...).
1. We use the present perfect to describe an experience (we don't use it for specific
actions) Example: He has worked in many different museums.
2. We use the present perfect for a change in time. Example: Their English has
improved a lot this year.
3. We use it for successes or achievements. Example: Our football team has won the
championship three times.
4. We use the present perfect for actions that have not yet happened. so we often
use the adverbs "yet" and "still". Example: You haven't finished your homework yet?
5. The present perfect is used to talk about actions at different times in the past.
Example: We have spoken several times, but we still can't reach an agreement.
6. An action or situation initiated in the past and continuing in the present. I have
lived in Bristol since 1984 (= I still live there.)
7. An action performed during a period of time not yet completed. She has
beenento the cinema twice this week (= the week is not over yet.)
8. An action repeated in an unspecified time period between the past and the
present. We have visited Portugal several times.
9. An action that has been completed in the very recent past, indicated by 'just'. I
have just finished my work.
10. An action for which the precise time of occurrence is not important. He has read
'War and Peace' (= what is relevant is the result of the action).
Present Perfect Formation
To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "to have" (in the present tense) and the
past participle of the main verb are used.
For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple past form.

For irregular verbs you have to look at the 3rd column of the verb list and learn some of
the most common verbs.
Subject Auxiliary Verb Abbreviation Past Participle

I, you, I’ve, you’ve, talked, learned,

have
we, they we’ve, they’ve traveled…

he, she, he’s, she’s, talked, learned,

has
it it’s traveled…

Past Past
Verb
Simple Participle

be was/were been

do did done

go went gone

make   made made

see saw seen

Present Perfect - Structure and conjugation
Affirmative = Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + past participle + complement.
Example: We have been in London. - She has gone to work.
Interrogative = Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + past participle + complement.
Example: Have you been to London? - Has she gone to work?
Negative = Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + not + past participle + complement.
Examples: We have not been to London. - She has not gone to work.
Negative interrogative = Auxiliary verb (to have) + not + subject + past participle +
complement.
Examples: We have not gone to London? - She hasn't gone to work?

Present Perfect Progressive

What is the Present Perfect Progressive?
The present perfect progressive is an English verb tense that is used to indicate actions
started in the past that have just ended or are uncertain whether they are still in
progress. The emphasis is on the development of the action and not on its result.
Uses and functions
 Actions that began in the past and continue in the present. Examples: I have
been looking for a job for three months now.
 Actions that began and ended in the past but whose results continue in the
present. Examples: Have you had a haircut?
 Go in the Present Perfect: The verb go has two participles in English: been and
gone. What differentiates them is the location of the subject at the moment of
speech.
- We use gone to move without ending. Example: Carlos just gone to the
supermarket, he'll be back soon.
- We use been for completed trips. Example: Carlos has just been to the
supermarket, the fridge is already full!

Present Perfect Progressive Formation

The present perfect progressive is formed with the auxiliary verb 'to have' in the present
tense plus the participle 'been' and a gerund.

Auxiliary Past
Subject Abbreviation
Verb Participle

I’ve been,
I, you, talking,
have you’ve been,
we, studying,
been we’ve  been,
they waiting…
they’ve been

he’s been, talking,
he, she,
has been she’s been, studying,
it
it’s been waiting…
Present Perfect Continuous-Structure and Conjugation
To conjugate a verb in present perfect continuous we use the present tense of the
auxiliary verb have, the participle of be (been) and the gerund of the main verb:
have/has + been + -ing.
Affirmative = Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) +been + verb+ing.
Examples: She has been studying English since she was 16. - I've been waiting for you
for over an hour!
Interrogative = Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + been + verb+ing+?
Examples: Since when has she been studying English? Have you been waiting long?
Negative = Subject+ auxiliary verb (to have) + not + been + verb+ing.
Examples: She hasn't been studying English for very long. - Don't worry, I haven't been
waiting long.
Negative interrogative = Auxiliary verb (to have) + not + subject + been + verb+ing+?
Examples =Since when hasn't she been studying? - Haven't you been waiting long?

What is the difference between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect
Progressive?
Both refer to past events or states that began in the past and are still in the present or
have recently been completed, but we can distinguish them by the following differences:
Present perfect
It denotes that the situation is completed and puts the emphasis on the result. Example:
I have written a novel.
With actions that have taken place once or a specific number of times. Example: I've
gone to the cinema three times this week.
Present perfect continuous
Emphasizes the duration or continuity of the action. Example: You have been making
that sandwich all morning!
It is also used to indicate that an action is repetitive. Example: He has been crying all
night.
Nixon:
Kiara:
Karol:
Kaylah:
Joselyn: