DIFFERENT POLICING SYSTEM

1. JAPAN (National Police Agency)

• THE NATIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY COMMISSION (NPSC) – It is formed of representative of the public so
that the police system is operated democratically and is responsible for controlling the NPA and the Prefectural
police forces. An administrative commission operating on the basis of liaison and coordination with the cabinet
government body responsible for the administrative supervision of the police. It composed of the chairman and five
members. The head of NPA is the commissioner general who is appointed and dismissed by the NPSC with the
consent of the Prime Minister.
• The Commissioner General- administers the task of the NPA, appoints and dismiss agency employees and
supervises and controls the prefectural police regarding the affairs under the jurisdiction of the agency. The
Commissioner General is the highest rank of the NPA while the lowest rank is Police Officer.
• To become a police officer in Japan a person must at least be a high school graduate and must pass a nation exam.
Once these requirements are met the person must undergo a 1 year of training which consists of classroom and
physical training in order to prepare them for work as an officer.
• National Police Agency, formulates police system and also conducts police operations regarding cases involving
national public safety, undertakes administration of matter which form the foundation of police activities such as
police education and training, police communications and criminal identification as well as coordination of police
administration.
• Koban and Chuzaisho are the heart of police activities in Japan. They are responsible for maintaining the safety
of the respective areas by ascertaining the security situations and hearing the residents’ requests and concern.
• Koban (police box) is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan and where community police officers
mainly carry out their work by a relatively small number of police officers (3-5 officers). Chuzaisho is a residential
police boxes usually staffed by a single officer.

2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

• USA is a federal district, it has major self-governing territories. USA is the 4th largest country and it is by far 3rd
most populous country.
• The United states police rank model is generally quasi-military in structure. The highest rank is Chief of police/
Commissioner of police/ Sheriff. The title Commissioner of police is used mainly by large metropolitan
departments while Chief of police is associated with small and medium-sized municipalities; both are typically
appointed by a mayor or selected by the city council or commission. Sheriffs in US are usually elected officials,
one in each county, who head the sheriff’s department. The lowest rank is Officer/ Deputy/ Trooper/ Corporal
who wears no rank insignia and there may be several pay grades.
• The basic educational requirement for a police trainee is a high school diploma. However, there some police
academies that still prefer an applicant with a bachelor’s or associate degree. Some other requirements necessary to
apply for police training include a US citizenship and age above 18 or 21 years old, depending on the police
department. The United States Capitol Police however, requires applicants to be at least 21 years of age.
• FEDERAL POLICE- who are authorized to enforce various laws at the federal level. It operates at the highest
level and are endowed with police roles; each maintain a small component of the other.
• STATE POLICE- Most states operate statewide law enforcement agencies that provide law enforcement duties
including investigations and state patrols. They may be called state police or highway patrol and are normally part
of the state Department of Public Safety.
• COUNTY POLICE- County also known as parishes and boroughs, county law enforcement is provided by
sheriffs’ department or offices, constables and county police.
• SHERIFFS POLICE- they are elected officials where the head of police is appointed or hired in. Sheriffs are
responsible for all three parts of the criminal justice system. They uphold the county jail, ensure safety within the
courts and have jurisdiction to enforce laws in the entire county.

3. CANADA (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)

• The Royal Canadian Mounted Police is the national police force responsible for providing policing services to
all Canadians and maintain law and order across the country. The Canadian policing system places a strong
emphasis on community policing, collaboration and the protection of human rights and freedoms.
• The highest rank is Commissioner while the lowest rank is constable.
• In order to become a police officer in Canada, you need at least a Secondary school Education. In some
provinces, such as Ontario, recruits have been selected by police services and attend basic training with
compensation, while in the Atlantic province aspirants attend a program at their own expenses and without
assurance of recruitment to a police service. Duration of basic recruit training varies from 21 weeks for some
municipal police recruits to 22 weeks for the RCMP at the Regina depot.
• FEDERAL POLICE- They provide investigation and protective services to the federal government, all
provinces except Quebec and Ontario. They also provide contract policing services to many rural and remote
communities across Canada.

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 • PROVINCIAL POLICE- have jurisdiction in rural areas and in unincorporated regions around cities. They
responsible for enforcing provincial laws and regulation as well as providing policing services to municipalities
that do not have their own police force.
• MUNICIPAL POLICE- They are provided by local police forces, which operate in most urban areas in Canada.
These forces are responsible for enforcing municipal by laws, provincial statues, and criminal laws within their
jurisdiction.
• The National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) is an integral part of the Government of Canada’s continued
effort to tackle crime in order to build stronger and healthier communities. The NCPS is the policy framework
for the implementation of crime prevention interventions in Canada.

4. AUSTRALIA (Australian Federal Police)

• Australian Federal Police their role is to enforce Commonwealth criminal law, contribute to combating
complex, transnational, serious and organized crime threatening Australia’s national security and protect
Commonwealth interest in Australia as well as overseas.
• The organizational structure of the Australian Federal Police belongs to the Line and Staff organization this
type of organizational structure is the combination of line and functional type that is found in most of the police
agencies today. The line functions are responsible for operational activities, such as law enforcement and
investigations while staff functions provide support service, such as human resources and finance.
• Commissioner- The highest-ranking officer in a police force, responsible for the overall management and
administration of the police force. They are accountable to the government and the public for the performance
of the police force and for maintaining public safety.
• Constable- The entry-level rank in a police force, responsible for performing routine police work, including
maintaining public order, responding to emergencies and investigating crimes.
• Constable First Class- The entry-level rank for a sworn police officers in the AFP. They are responsible for
providing a visible presence and conducting patrols, responding to incidents and aiding the public.
• Senior Constable- A senior constable is a more experienced police officer who may have additional
responsibilities such as leading a term of constables, supervising crime scenes and conducting investigations.
• Leading Senior Constable- A senior member of AFP who has demonstrated leadership abilities and is
responsible for supervising a team for senior constables. They may also be involved in providing mentoring
and training to junior officers, liaising with other agencies and developing operational plans.
• To become police officer, you must at least 18 years old, Australian citizen and hold a driver’s license. You
usually have to gain your senior secondary certificate of education or complete year 10 plus a trade certificate.
Successful applicants complete 24 weeks of training at the AFP College in Barton. ACT. Recruits complete a
further 12 months of On-the-job training.
• Bizsafe-Australian Capital Territory- This initiative aims to reduce the risk of theft, robbery, fraud and other
relevant crimes for business within the ACT.
• Community Night Patrols- function by assisting those risk of becoming either victims of harm or causing
harm themselves.
• Crime Stopper- is a program designed to utilize the media and other resources to entice information from the
public that can facilitate police investigation.
• Light Up for Safety- is a rebate program for resident businesses that allows the city to contribute to the
acquisition and installation of lights, timer and sensor.
• We need to talk- is a crime prevention strategy that focuses on preventing violence against women in three
particular settings- the workplace, home and the community.

5. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

• Ministry of interior- oversees the operations of all police forces in the UAE, including police forces in each
of the seven emirates.
• Abu Dhabi Police- The Abu Dhabi Police Force is the largest police force and main law enforcement agency
in the UAE.
• Dubai Police- It is known for its advanced technology and equipment, including its fleet of luxury cars.
• Sharjah Police- It operates a range of units, including the Criminal Investigation Department, Traffic and
Licensing Department and Community Police Department.
• Umm Al Quwain Police- It operates a range of units, including the Criminal Investigation Department, Traffic
and Patrol Department and Community Police Department.
• Ras Al Khaimah Police- It operates a range of units, including the Criminal Investigation Department, Traffic
and Patrol Department and Community Police Department.
• Fujairah Police- It operates a range of units, including the Criminal Investigation Department, Traffic and
Patrol Department and Community Police Department.
• The standard uniform of Dubai Police officer is an olive-green shirt with red band running under the left arm
and looped through the left epaulette, a dark green beret with a golden badge depicting the police force’s seal,
olive green trousers and black boots. Female officers are required to wear a hijab.
• The highest rank is the General while the lowest rank is the Policeman.

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 •UAE are equipped with the latest technology to combat crime. This includes computer systems for tracking
criminal activity, software analyzing data and tools for detecting and preventing cybercrimes.
• In Dubai, all cameras (more than 300,000) are linked to one central command room to respond quickly to
crimes, security breaches and traffic issues. “Oyoon” enables Dubai Police to digitally tail criminal around the
city just by uploading a mugshot into a database.
• Mobile Data Transfer System (Accident Referencing and Analyzing System)- allows information from an
accident, traffic violation or major congestion to be sent to all key authorities within a second.
• Artificial Intelligence- The government has introduced AI technology to monitor and analyze criminal activity
trends in different regions of the country, enabling law enforcement agencies to take proactive measures.
6. CHINA (People’s Armed Police)
• China is the most populous country and the third largest country in world.
• Law enforcement in China consists of an extensive public security system and a variety of law enforcement
procedures used to maintain order in the country.
• National Central Bureau (NCB)- plays a central role in preventing the country and surrounding region from
serving international organized crime. NCB helps police officers across China detect and investigate the flow
of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and around the country.
• Ministry of Public security- oversees all domestic police activity in China. The ministry is responsible for
police operations and detention centers and has dedicated departments for internal political, economic and
communications security. It is in charge of public security for the entire country and is responsible for the
education and training of public security personnel and police officers.
• Ministry of State Security- The ministry’s operations include intelligence collection, both domestic and
foreign.
• Ministry of Justice- maintains oversees the operation of prison.
• People’s Liberation Army- units operating from militarized outposts in the South China Sea defend China’s
expansive maritime and territorial claims while also projecting power into maritime Southeast Asia.
• The highest rank is Commissioner General while the lowest rank is Constable.
• Chinese Community Policing- can be defined by the values of localized control, focusing on crime prevention
and relying on informal neighborhood-oriented networks, with the “mass line” as the dominant principle.
• Facial recognition tools- helps police identity and capture suspected criminals who pose security risks to the
public.
• Big data tools- allows police to analyze motion and behavior data to detect criminal activities.
• Police Cloud- a vast database of information on every citizen, including criminal and medical records, travel
bookings, social media comments and store visits.

7. UNITED KINGDOM
• NATIONAL CRIME AGENCY (NCA)- An agency that leads UK wide activities to combat high level crime
such as organized crime.
• the highest rank is Commissioner and the lowest rank is Constable.
• In the UK, police officers are required to have a minimum of five GCSEs or equivalent qualifications.
• The Association of Chief Police officers (ACPO)- offers a range of course and qualifications related to law
enforcement.
• The National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA)- offers range of courses and qualifications including
the National Intelligence Model and the Counter Terrorism Awareness Program.
• Policing by consent- their integrity in exercising those powers and their accountability for doing. Police officer
are granted certain power to enable them to execute their duties.
• Situational Crime Prevention- is a type of crime prevention that focuses on the offense rather than the
offender. It is based on the notion that the opportunities that promote committing crimes are built in the
immediate environment within which crimes take place.
• Social Crime Prevention- is a label that covers a wide range of interventions and ideas that are geared towards
preventing criminality.
• Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships- are a group of local authorities, police and other businesses
and organizations that have come together to develop and implement strategies to reduce crime and disorder at
a local level.

8. SWITZERLAND
• The policing system of Switzerland officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the
confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Europe.
• Due to the country’s federal structure and cantonal sovereignty in police affairs, there is no single national
police force in Switzerland; the federal system and division into three levels- communal, cantonal and federal-
is also reflected in the structure of the Swiss police.
• Federal Office of police- works with its international and cantonal partners as a center for information,
coordination or cooperation and analysis in matters concerning the internal security of Switzerland.

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 • Cantonal Police Corps- The responsibility of law and order basically lies with the cantons, where the police
have also the function of judicial police and of coordination body in the event of major disasters. The canton
also mainly determines the structure of their police forces.
• Communal Police Corps- became established in cantons that are territorially subdivided or whose communes
traditionally have a high level of autonomy, such as Zurich and Lausanne among others.
• Swiss Border Guards- they are responsible for conducting investigations against transnational organized
crime, including financial crime; terrorism and its financing; criminal activities involving explosives; illegal
intelligence gathering; offences involving federal elections and ballots.
• Office of Investigation- clarify legal elements of the offense and decides whether a person will be held in
custody.
• Federal Office of Police (FedPol)- acts as INTERPOL’s National Central Bureau for Switzerland, providing
a link between the cantonal and federal services as well as other national police services.
• National Central Bureau Bern- is a national platform that enables Switzerland to cooperate with law
enforcement the world over. It also plays an active role in global operations to tackle organized crime including
money laundering, drug trafficking and migrant smuggling.

9. NEW ZEALAND
• NEW ZEALAND POLICE is the national police service and principal law enforcement agency of New Zealand,
responsible for preventing crime, enhancing public safety, bringing offenders to justice and maintaining public
order.
• To become police officer, you need to complete the police training course- a three days online course before
starting at Police college- 16 weeks of training at the Royal New Zealand Police College in Porirua- 2 years of
supervised police work, which is regularly assessed.
• Community Policing- This strategy involves the police working with the local community to help identify and
prevent crime. This could involve officers engaging in high visibility foot patrols, attending community
meetings and events and working with local businesses and resident groups.
• Target Hardening- This strategy is designed to make it more difficult for potential offenders to access potential
targets. This involve installing lighting, CCTV cameras, alarms or other physical security measures.
• Education and Awareness- This strategy involves educating the public on the risks of crime and how to protect
themselves.
• Restorative Justice- This strategy involves holding offenders accountable for their actions through non-punitive
approaches.
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design- This strategy involves designing and maintaining the
physical environment to reduce opportunities for crime.

10. BRAZIL
• Brazil is the world’s fifth-largest country by area and seventh most populous.
• Their capital is Brasilia and the type of government are Democracy and republic.
• The Federal Police- investigates crime that are against the federal government.
• The Federal Highway Police- combat crime on Brazilian federal roads and highways. These officers’ control
and all vehicular watch traffic.
• The Federal Railway Police- patrolling the federal railway system. It does not investigate crime, solely focusing
on order maintenance.
• The State Military Police and Fire Brigade- The military police units are the main ostensive police force at the
state level and are responsible for policing and maintaining public order. Military Firefighters are military public
security forces, responsible for civil defense, firefighting and search and rescue inside the federative units.
• The State Civil Police (Politia Civil)- is the name of the investigative state police forces. Exercise of the public
security for the prevention of the public order and investigating crimes committed in the violation of the
Brazilian criminal law.

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