Types of Jet Engine

1. Turboprop engine
To move an airplane through the air, thrust is generated with some kind
of propulsion system. Many low speed transport aircraft and small
commuter aircraft use turboprop propulsion. There are two main parts to a
turboprop propulsion system, the core engine and the propeller. The core is
very similar to a basic turbojet except that instead of expanding all the hot
exhaust through the nozzle to produce thrust, most of the energy of the
exhaust is used to turn the turbine. There may be an additional turbine
stage present, which is connected to a drive shaft. The drive shaft is
connected to a gear box. The gear box is then connected to a propeller that
produces most of the thrust. The exhaust velocity of a turboprop is low and
contributes little thrust because most of the energy of the core exhaust has
gone into turning the drive shaft. Because propellers become less efficient
as the speed of the aircraft increases, turboprops are used only for low
speed aircraft like cargo planes. High speed transports usually use high
bypass turbofans because of the high fuel efficiency and high speed
capability of turbofans.
2. Turbo Jet Enigne
A turbojet engine is a jet engine which produces all of its thrust by
ejecting a high energy gas stream from the engine exhaust nozzle. In
contrast to a turbofan or bypass engine, 100% of the air entering the intake
of a turbojet engine goes through the engine core. Large amounts of
surrounding air are continuously brought into the engine inlet. Inlets come
in many shapes and sizes depending on the aircraft's mission. At the rear of
the inlet, the air enters the compressor. The compressor acts like many
rows of airfoils, with each row producing a small jump in pressure. A
compressor is like an electric fan. We have to supply energy to turn the
compressor. At the exit of the compressor, the air is at a much higher
pressure than free stream. In the burner a small amount of fuel is combined
with the air and ignited. Leaving the burner, the hot exhaust is passed
through the turbine. The turbine works like a windmill. Instead of needing
energy to turn the blades to make the air flow, the turbine extracts energy
from a flow of gas by making the blades spin in the flow. In a jet engine we
 use the energy extracted by the turbine to turn the compressor
by linking the compressor and the turbine by the central shaft. The turbine
takes some energy out of the hot exhaust, but there is enough energy left
over to provide thrust to the jet engine by increasing the velocity through
the nozzle. Because the exit velocity is greater than the free stream
velocity, thrust is created as described by the thrust equation. For a jet
engine, the exit mass flow is nearly equal to the free stream mass flow,
since very little fuel is added to the stream
3. Turboshaft Engine
Turboshafts are essentially a turbojet engine with a large shaft connect to
the back of it. And since most of these engines are used on helicopters, that
shaft is connected to the rotor blade transmission.
.The engine operates like a turbojet, for the most part.
.The power shaft attached to the turbine powers the transmission.
.The transmission transfers rotation from the shaft to the rotor blade.
.The helicopter, through mostly unknown and magical means, is able to fly
through the sky.
Turboshaft takeaway:
Pros:
Much higher power-to-weight ratio than piston engines
Typically smaller than piston engines
Cons:
Loud
Gear systems connected to the shaft can be complex and break down
4. Turbofan Engine
A turbofan engine, sometimes referred to as a fanjet or bypass engine, is
a jet engine variant which produces thrust using a combination of jet core
efflux and bypass air which has been accelerated by a ducted fan that is
driven by the jet core. The fan creates additional thrust, helps cool the
engine, and lowers the noise output of the engine.
1. Inlet air is divided into two separate streams. One stream flows around
the engine (bypass air), while the other passes through the engine core.
2. Bypass air passes around the engine and is accelerated by a duct fan,
 producing additional thrust.

3. Air flows through the turbojet engine, continuing the production of

thrust.
Turbofan takeaway:
Pros:
Fuel efficient
Quieter than turbojets
They look awesome
Cons:
Heavier than turbojets
Larger frontal area than turbojets
Inefficient at very high altitudes
5. Ramjet Engine
A ramjet is a variant of an air breathing jet engine that does not include a
rotary compressor; rather, it uses the engine's forward motion to compress
the incoming air. A ramjet cannot function at zero airspeed and therefore
cannot be used to power an aircraft in all phases of flight. A ramjet
equipped aircraft requires another type of propulsion to accelerate it to a
speed at which the ramjet is capable of producing thrust. A ramjet can
theoretically be started at speeds as low as 100 knots but it does not start
to produce any significant thrust until the airspeed reaches
approximately mach 0.5. Even at this speed, efficiency is very low and peak
efficiency will not be attained until reaching supersonic speeds in the realm
of mach 3. Ramjet engines are limited to a maximum speed of about mach
6 due to the shockwave induced pressure loss which occurs when slowing
the intake air to subsonic speed.