Beginning Algebra 7th Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual 1

BEGINNING ALGEBRA 7TH EDITION
MARTIN GAY
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Chapter 5
Section 5.1 Practice Exercises 6 6 6 6 3
b. If x is −4, = = = =
x 2
(−4) 2 (−4)(−4) 16 8
1. a. 33 = 3  3  3 = 27
3. a. 34  36 = 34+6 = 310
b. Use 4 as a factor once, 41 = 4
b. y3  y 2 = y3+ 2 = y 5
c. (−8)2 = (−8)(−8) = 64
d. −82 = −(8  8) = −64 c. z  z 4 = z1  z 4 = z1+ 4 = z 5
3 d. x 3  x 2  x 6 = x 3+2 +6 = x11
3 3 3 3 27
e.  4  = 4  4  4 = 64
  e. (−2)5  (−2)3 = (−2)5+3 = (−2)8
f. (0.3)4 = (0.3)(0.3)(0.3)(0.3) = 0.0081 f. b3  t 5 , cannot be simplified because b and t

are different bases.
g. 3  52 = 3  25 = 75
4. (−5 y3 )(−3 y 4 ) = −5  y3  −3  y 4
4 4
2. a. If x is 3, 3 x = 3  (3)
= −5  −3  y3  y 4
= 3  (3  3  3  3)
= 3  81 = 15 y 7
= 243
5. a. ( y 7 z 3 )( y5 z) = ( y 7  y5 )  ( z 3  z1 )
= y12  z 4 or y12 z 4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 215

Chapter 5: Exponents and Polynomials ISM: Beginning Algebra
b. (−m 4 n 4 )(7mn10 )
= (−1  7)  (m 4  m1 )  (n 4  n10 )
= (−7)  (m5 )  ( n14 ) or − 7m5 n14
6. a. ( z 3 )7 = z 37 = z 21
b. (49 )2 = 492 = 418
c. [(−2)3 ]5 = (−2)35 = (−2)15
7. a. ( pr )5 = p5  r 5 = p5r 5
b. (6b)2 = 62  b2 = 36b2
3 3
1 2  1 2 3 3
c.  4 x y  =  4   (x )  y
   
1 6 3
= x y
64
1 6 3
= x y
64
d. (−3a3b4 c)4 = (−3)4  (a3 )4  (b4 )4  c 4

= 81a12 b16 c 4
5
 x  x5 x5
8. a.  2  = 2 5 = 10 , y  0
y  (y ) y
5
 2a4  25  (a 4 )5 32 a20
b.  3  = = ,b0
 b  (b3 ) 5 b15
 
z8
9. a. = z 8− 4 = z 4
4
z
(−5)5
b. = (−5)5−3 = (−5)2 = 25
(−5)3
88
c. = 88−6 = 82 = 64
86
216 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Beginning Algebra Chapter 5: Exponents and Polynomials
q5 Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.1

d. cannot be simplified because q and t are
t2 1. Repeated multiplication of the same factor can
different bases. be written using an exponent.
e. Begin by grouping common bases. 2. In 52 , the 2 is called the exponent and the 5 is
3 7 3 7
6x y x y called the base.
= 6  = 6  x 3−1  y 7−5 = 6 x 2 y 2
5 x y5
xy
3. To simplify x 2  x 7 , keep the base and add the
10. a. −30 = −1  30 = −1  1 = −1 exponents.
b. (−3)0 = 1 4. To simplify ( x 3 )6 , keep the base and multiply

the exponents.
c. 80 = 1 5. The understood exponent on the term y is 1.
d. (0.2)0 = 1
6. If x = 1, the exponent is 0.
e. Assume that neither a nor y is zero.
7. Example 4 can be written as −42 = −1  42 ,
(7 a 2 y 4 )0 = 1
which is similar to Example 7, 4  32 , and shows
f. 7 y 0 = 7  y 0 = 7 1 = 7 why the negative sign should not be considered
part of the base when there are no parentheses.
2
 z  z2 z2 8. The properties allow us to reorder and regroup
11. a.  12  = = factors and put those with common bases
  122 144
together, making it easier to apply the product
rule; yes, in Example 13.
b. (4 x6 )3 = 43  ( x6 )3 = 64 x18
9. Be careful not to confuse the power rule with the
c. y10  y 3 = y10+3 = y13 product rule. The power rule involves a power
raised to a power (exponents are multiplied), and
the product rule involves a product (exponents
12. a. 82 − 80 = 64 − 1 = 63
are added).
b. ( z 0 )6 + (40 )5 = 16 + 15 = 1 + 1 = 2 10. Remember to raise the −2 (or any number) to the

power along with the variables.
2
 5 x3  52 ( x 3 ) 2 25 x6 x6
c.   = 2 4 2 = = 11. the quotient rule
 15 y 4  15 ( y ) 225 y8 9 y8
 
12. No, Example 30 is a fraction and does not use
the quotient rule.
( 2 z 8 x5 ) 4 24 ( z 8 ) 4 ( x5 ) 4
d. =
−16 z 2 x 20 −16 z 2 x 20 Exercise Set 5.1
16 z 32 x 20
= 2. In (−3)6 , the base is −3 and the exponent is 6.
−16 z 2 x 20
= −1  ( z 32− 2 )  ( x 20− 20 )
4. In 5  34 , the base 3 has exponent 4.
= −1  z 30
x 0
= −1  z 30
1 6. In (5 x )2 , the base is 5x and the exponent is 2.
= −z 30
8. −32 = −3  3 = −9

10. (−3)2 = (−3)(−3) = 9 52. (a4 b)7 = a47 b17 = a28b7
12. −43 = −4  4  4 = −64 54. (−3 x 7 yz 2 )3 = (−3)3 x 73 y13 z 23 = −27 x 21 y3 z 6
14. (−4)3 = (−4)(−4)(−4) = −64 q

11
q11
56.   =
t t11
16. (0.2)5 = (0.2)(0.2)(0.2)(0.2)(0.2) = 0.00032
2
2  xy  x 2 y2 x 2 y2
 1  1  1  1 58.   = =
18.  −  =  −  −  =  7  72 49
 9  9  9  81
3
20. 9  17 = 9  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 = 9
 xy 4  x 3 y 43 x 3 y12
60.   = =
 −3z 3  (−3)3 z 33 −27 z 9
 
22. −4  33 = −4  3  3  3 = −108
62. A = (5 y)2 = (5)2 y 2 = 25 y 2 
3 3
24. x = (−2) = (−2)(−2)(−2) = −8
The area is 25y 2  square centimeters.
26. 4 x 2 = 4(−1)2 = 4(−1)(−1) = 4

64. V = (4 x )2 (5 x 3 )
28. −4 x 2 y3 = −4(2)2 (−1)3 =   42 x 2  5 x 3

= −4(2)(2)(−1)(−1)(−1) =   16  5  x 2 +3
= 16 = 80 x 5 
The volume is 80x 5  cubic meters.
10 10
10 10 2
30. = = = =
3 3 3(5)(5)(5) 375 75
3y 3(5) y10
66. = y10 −9 = y1 = y
y9
32. y 2  y = y 2 +1 = y3
(−6)13
34. (−5)7  (−5)6 = (−5)7+6 = (−5)13 68. = (−6)13−11 = (−6)2 = 36
(−6)11
36. (−2 z 3 )(−2 z 2 ) = −2(−2) z 3+ 2 = 4 z 5
x8 y6
70. = x 8−1 y 6 −5 = x 7 y1 = x 7 y
2
38. (a b)(a b ) = a 13 17 2 +13 1+17
b =a b 15 18 xy 5
40. (−7a3b3 )(7a19 b) = −7(7)a3+19 b3+1 = −49a22 b 4 9a 4 b 7 9 4 −1 7−2 1 3 5 a3 b5

72. = a b = a b =
27ab2 27 3 3
5 6 4 5+ 6 + 4 15
42. (12 x )(− x )( x ) = 12(−1) x = −12 x
74. 230 = 1
7 10 7 +10 17
44. A = (9 y )(2 y ) = 9(2) y = 18 y
17 76. (4 y)0 = 1
The area is 18y square meters.
46. ( y 7 )5 = y 75 = y35 78. −2 x 0 = −2(1) = −2
80. −30 + 40 = −1 + 1 = 0
48. (ab)6 = a6 b6
82. (−9)2 = (−9)(−9) = 81
50. (4 x 6 )2 = 42 x 62 = 16 x12

3
2 2 2 2 8 ( 2 x 6 y 2 )5 25 ( x6 )5 ( y 2 )5
84.   =   = 116. =
3 3 3 3 27 −32 x 20 y10 −32 x 20 y10
32 x30 y10
86. y y = y
4 4 +1
=y 5 =
−32 x 20 y10
= −1  x30− 20  y10−10
88. x 2 x15 x9 = x 2+15+9 = x 26
= −1  x10  y 0
90. (3 y 4 )(−5 y ) = (3  −5)( y 4  y ) = −15 y 4+1 = −15 y 5 = −1  x10 1
= − x10
92. ( y z )( y z ) = ( y  y )( z  z )
2 2 15 13 2 15 2 13
118. −6z + 20 − 3z = −6z − 3z + 20 = −9z + 20
= y 2+15 z 2+13
= y17 z15 120. 10y − 14 − y − 14 = 10y − y − 14 − 14 = 9y − 28
122. −3(w + 7) + 5(w + 1) = −3w − 21 + 5w + 5

94. (−3s5t )(−7 st10 ) = (−3)(−7)( s5  s)(t  t10 )
= 2w − 16
= 21s5+1t1+10
= 21s 6t11 124. x14  x 23 = x14 +23 = x 37
Add the exponents; choice A.
96. (t 5 )11 = t 511 = t 55
x 35
126. = x 35−17 = x18
98. (2ab) 4 = (2) 4 a 4 b 4 = 16a 4 b 4 17
x
Subtract the exponents; choice B.
100. (−3 xy 2 a3 )3 = (−3)3 x3 ( y 2 )3 (a3 )3
128. answers may vary
= −27 x3 y 23 a33
= −27 x3 y 6 a9 130. answers may vary
132. S = 6 x 2 = 6(5)2 = 6(25) = 150

5 x9 x9 9 −3
102. = 5 = 5x = 5x 6
The surface area is 150 square meters.
x3 x3
134. We use the surface area formula.
104. (2ab)5 = 25 a5b5 = 32a5b5
106. 7 − 7 = 49 − 1 = 48
2 0
140. b9a b4 a = b9a + 4a = b13a

4 4
 2ab   ab  a 4b4 a 4b 4
108.   =  = 4 4 4 =
 6 yz   3 yz  3 y z 81y 4 z 4
142. (2a4b )4 = 24 a4b4 = 16a16b
x12 y13 x12 y13
110. =  = x12−5 y13−7 = x7 y 6 y15b
x5 y 7 = y15b −6 b = y9b
5 7
x y 144.
6b
y
112. (9 ) + ( z ) = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
0 4 0 5 4 5
2
 3a 4  32 (a 4 )2 9 a8 a8
114.  
 = = =
 9b5  92 (b5 )2 81b10 9b10

12 5. To find each height, we evaluate the polynomial

 r
146. A = P 1 +  when t = 1 and when t = 2.
 4
−16t 2 + 130 = −16(1)2 + 130
12
 0.08  = −16 + 130
A = 10, 000 1 +
 4  = 114
= 10, 000(1.02)12 The height of the camera at 1 second is 114 feet.
 12, 682.42 −16t 2 + 130 = −16(2)2 + 130
$12,682.42 is needed to pay off the loan in = −16(4) + 130
3 years. = −64 + 130
= 66
Section 5.2 Practice Exercises The height of the camera at 2 seconds is 66 feet.
1. a. The exponent on y is 3, so the degree of 5y 3 6. a. −4y + 2y = (−4 + 2)y = −2y

is 3.
b. These terms cannot be combined because z
b. −3a 2b5c can be written as −3a 2b5c1. The and 5z 3 are not like terms.
degree of the term is the sum of the
exponents, so the degree is 2 + 5 + 1 or 8. c. 15 x3 − x3 = 15 x3 − 1x3 = 14 x3
c. The constant, 8, can be written as 8x0 d. 7a 2 − 5 − 3a 2 − 7 = 7a 2 − 3a 2 − 5 − 7

(since x0 = 1). The degree of 8 or 8x0 is 0. = 4a 2 − 12
3 3 5 1 1
2. a. The degree of the trinomial 5b2 − 3b + 7 is e. x − x 2 + x 4 + x3 − x 4
2, the greatest degree of any of its terms. 8 6 12 2
5 1 4 3 1  3
=  −  x +  +  x − x2
b. Rewrite the binomial as 7t1 + 3, the degree 6 2  8 12 
is 1. 5 3 4  9 2 
=  −  x +  +  x3 − x 2
 6 6   24 24 
c. The degree of the polynomial 2 4 11 3
= x + x −x 2
5 x 2 + 3x − 6 x3 + 4 is 3. 6 24
1 11 3
= x4 + x − x2
3. Term numerical degree of 3 24
coefficient term
7. 9 xy − 3x 2 − 4 yx + 5 y 2 = −3x 2 + (9 − 4) xy + 5 y 2
−3x3 y 2 −3 5
= −3x 2 + 5 xy + 5 y 2
4xy 2 4 3
8. x  x + 2  x + 2  2 + 5  x + x  3x
−y 2
−1 2 = x 2 + 2 x + 4 + 5 x + 3x 2
= 4 x2 + 7 x + 4
3x 3 1
−2 −2 0 9. (−3x 2 − 4 x + 9) + (2 x 2 − 2 x)
= −3x 2 − 4 x + 9 + 2 x 2 − 2 x
4. a. −10x + 1 = −10(−3) + 1 = 30 + 1 = 31 = (−3x 2 + 2 x 2 ) + (−4 x − 2 x) + 9
= − x2 − 6 x + 9
b. 2 x 2 − 5 x + 3 = 2(−3)2 − 5(−3) + 3
= 2(9) + 15 + 3
= 18 + 15 + 3
= 36

10. (−3x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x − 4) + (3 x 2 − 9 x) Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.2

= −3x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x − 4 + 3 x 2 − 9 x 1. A binomial is a polynomial with exactly 2 terms.
= −3x3 + (7 x 2 + 3x 2 ) + (3x − 9 x) − 4
2. A monomial is a polynomial with exactly one
= −3x3 + 10 x 2 − 6 x − 4 term.
11. 5 z 3 + 3 z 2 + 4 z 3. A trinomial is a polynomial with exactly three

5z + 4z
2 terms.
5z + 8z 2 + 8z
3
4. The numerical factor of a term is called the
coefficient.
12. (8 x − 7) − (3 x − 6) = (8 x − 7) + [ −(3 x − 6)]
= (8 x − 7) + (−3 x + 6) 5. A number term is also called a constant.
= (8 x − 3x) + (−7 + 6)
= 5x − 1 6. The degree of a polynomial is the greatest degree
of any term of the polynomial.
13. First, change the sign of each term of the second
7. The degree of the polynomial is the greatest
polynomial and then add.
degree of any of its terms, so we need to find the
(3x3 − 5 x 2 + 4 x) − ( x3 − x 2 + 6) degree of each term first.
= (3x3 − 5 x 2 + 4 x) + (− x3 + x 2 − 6)
8. the replacement value for the variables
= 3 x3 − x3 − 5 x 2 + x 2 + 4 x − 6
= 2 x3 − 4 x 2 + 4 x − 6 9. simplifying it
14. Arrange the polynomials in vertical format, 10. Addition; no, we subtract in Examples 9−11. To
lining up like terms. subtract, we first change the signs of the
− 2 z 2 − 8z + 5 −2 z 2 − 8 z + 5 polynomial being subtracted and then add.
− (6 z 2 + 3z − 6) −6 z 2 − 3 z + 6 Exercise Set 5.2
−8 z − 11z + 11
2
2. −6 y 2 + 4 is a binomial because it has two terms.
15. [(8x − 11) + (2x + 5)] − (3x + 5) The degree is 2, the greatest degree of any of its
= 8x − 11 + 2x + 5 − 3x − 5 terms.
= 8x + 2x − 3x − 11 + 5 − 5
= 7x − 11 4. a + 5a 2 + 3a3 − 4a 4 is none of these because it
has four terms. The degree is 4, the greatest
16. a. (3a 2 − 4ab + 7b 2 ) + (−8a 2 + 3ab − b 2 ) degree of any of its terms.
= 3a 2 − 4ab + 7b 2 − 8a 2 + 3ab − b 2
6. 7r 2 s 2 + 2rs − 3rs5 is a trinomial because it has
= −5a 2 − ab + 6b 2
three terms. The degree is 6, the greatest degree
of any of its terms.
b. (5 x 2 y 2 − 6 xy − 4 xy 2 )
− (2 x 2 y 2 + 4 xy − 5 + 6 y 2 ) 8. 5 y 7 + 2 is a binomial because it has two terms.
= 5 x 2 y 2 − 6 xy − 4 xy 2 − 2 x 2 y 2 The degree is 7, the greatest degree of any of its
− 4 xy + 5 − 6 y 2 terms.
= 3x 2 y 2 − 10 xy − 4 xy 2 − 6 y 2 + 5 Polynomial Degree
10. 8x 2 y 2 4
12. 4 z 6 + 3z 2 6

14. a. 2x − 10 = 2(0) − 10 = 0 − 10 = −10 2 4 1

36. x − 23x 2 + x 4 + 5 x 2 − 5
5 15
b. 2x − 10 = 2(−1) − 10 = −2 − 10 = −12 2 1
= x 4 + x 4 − 23x 2 + 5 x 2 − 5
5 15
16. a. x 2 + 3x − 4 = (0)2 + 3(0) − 4 = 0 + 0 − 4 = −4 6 1
=  +  x 4 + (−23 + 5) x 2 − 5
 15 15 
b. x 2 + 3x − 4 = (−1)2 + 3(−1) − 4 7
= 1− 3 − 4 = x 4 − 18 x 2 − 5
15
= −6
1 4 1 2 1 3
18. a. −2 x3 + 3x 2 − 6 x + 1 38. x − x + 5 − x4 − x2 + 1
6 7 2 7
= −2(0)3 + 3(0)2 − 6(0) + 1 1 1 4  1 3 2
=  −  x +  − −  x + (5 + 1)
= 0 + 0 − 0 +1 6 2  7 7
=1  1 3  4
=  −  x4 − x2 + 6
6 6 7
b. −2 x3 + 3x 2 − 6 x + 1 2 4 4 2
= − x − x +6
= −2(−1)3 + 3(−1)2 − 6(−1) + 1 6 7
= −2(−1) + 3(1) − 6(−1) + 1 1 4 4 2
= − x − x +6
= 2 + 3 + 6 +1 3 7
= 12
40. x 2 y + xy − y + 10 x 2 y − 2 y + xy
20. −16t + 1150
2
= (1 + 10) x 2 y + (1 + 1) xy + (−1 − 2) y
t = 7: −16(7 ) + 1150 = −784 + 1150 = 366
2
= 11x 2 y + 2 xy − 3 y
After 7 seconds, the height is 366 feet.
42. (4 + 5a) − (−a − 5) = (4 + 5a) + (a + 5)
22. −16t 2 + 1150 = 4 + 5a + a + 5
t = 6: −16(6)2 + 1150 = −576 + 1150 = 574 = (5a + a) + (4 + 5)
After 6 seconds, the height is 574 feet. = 6a + 9
24. Use x = 2010 − 2006 = 4. 44. (5 x 2 + 4) − (7 x 2 − 6) = (5 x 2 + 4) + (−7 x 2 + 6)

−0.13 x + x + 827 = −0.13(4) + (4) + 827
2 2
= 5x2 + 4 − 7 x2 + 6
= −0.13(16) + 4 + 827
= (5 x 2 − 7 x 2 ) + (4 + 6)
= −2.08 + 4 + 827
= 828.92 = −2 x 2 + 10
There were 828.92 thousand visitors in 2010.
46. (3x − 8) + (4 x 2 − 3x + 3)
26. 14y − 30y = (14 − 30)y = −16y = 3x − 8 + 4 x 2 − 3x + 3
= 4 x 2 + (3x − 3x) + (−8 + 3)
28. 18 x3 − 4 x3 = (18 − 4) x3 = 14 x3
= 4 x2 − 5
30. 12k 3 − 9k 3 + 11 = (12 − 9)k 3 + 11 = 3k 3 + 11 48. 4 − (−12 y − 4) = 4 + (12 y + 4)
= 4 + 12 y + 4
32. 5y + 7y − 6y = (5 + 7 − 6)y = 6y = 12 y + 4 + 4
= 12 y + 8
34. 7.6 y + 3.2 y 2 − 8 y − 2.5 y 2
= (3.2 − 2.5) y 2 + (7.6 − 8) y
= 0.7 y 2 − 0.4 y

50. (−7 x 2 + 4 x + 7) − (−8 x + 2) 68. (−m2 + 3) − (m2 − 13) + (6m2 − m + 1)

= (−7 x 2 + 4 x + 7) + (8 x − 2) = (−m2 + 3) + (−m2 + 13) + (6m2 − m + 1)
= −7 x 2 + 4 x + 7 + 8 x − 2 = −m2 + 3 − m2 + 13 + 6m2 − m + 1
= −7 x 2 + 4 x + 8 x + 7 − 2 = 4m2 − m + 17
= −7 x 2 + 12 x + 5
70. ( y 2 − 4 y + 1) − y = y 2 − 4 y + 1 − y = y 2 − 5 y + 1
52. 7 x3 + 3
+ 2 x3 + 1 72. (−3x 2 − 5 x + 2) + ( x 2 − 6 x + 9)
9 x3 + 4 = −3x 2 − 5 x + 2 + x 2 − 6 x + 9
= −2 x 2 − 11x + 11
54. 7 a 2 − 9a + 6 7 a 2 − 9a + 6
− (11a 2 − 4a + 2) + (−11a 2 + 4a − 2) 74. (7 y 2 + 9 y − 8) − (5 y 2 + 8 y + 2)
−4 a 2 − 5 a + 4 = (7 y 2 + 9 y − 8) + (−5 y 2 − 8 y − 2)
= 7 y2 + 9 y − 8 − 5 y2 − 8 y − 2
56. 5u 5 − 4u 2 + 3u − 7 = 2 y 2 + y − 10
− (3u 5 + 6u 2 − 8u + 2)
76. [( x 2 + 7 x + 1) + (7 x + 5)] − (4 x 2 − 2 x + 2)
5u 5 − 4u 2 + 3u − 7 = ( x 2 + 7 x + 1) + (7 x + 5) + (−4 x 2 + 2 x − 2)
+ (−3u 5 − 6u 2 + 8u − 2) = x2 + 7 x + 1 + 7 x + 5 − 4 x2 + 2 x − 2
= −3x 2 + 16 x + 4
2u 5 − 10u 2 + 11u − 9
78. x  7 + 2 x  2 x + 2 x  2 x + 3  6 + 4  4
58. (3x − 9 xy) − (2 x + xy) = 3x − 9 xy − 2 x − xy
= 7 x + 4 x 2 + 4 x 2 + 18 + 16
= x − 10 xy
= 8 x 2 + 7 x + 34
60. [(−5 x − 7) + (12 x + 3)] − (−12 x − 3)
= −5 x − 7 + 12 x + 3 + 12 x + 3 80. (3 x − 2 + 6 y) + (7 x − 2 − y)
= −5 x + 12 x + 12 x − 7 + 3 + 3 = 3x − 2 + 6 y + 7 x − 2 − y
= 19 x − 1 = 10 x − 4 + 5 y
62. (14 y + 12) + (−3 y − 5) = 14 y + 12 − 3 y − 5 82. (7a 2 − 3b 2 + 10) − (−2a 2 + b 2 − 12)

= 14 y − 3 y + 12 − 5 = 7a 2 − 3b 2 + 10 + 2a 2 − b 2 + 12
= 11y + 7
= 9a 2 − 4b 2 + 22
64. (5 y 2 − 3 y − 1) − (2 y 2 + y + 1)
84. (a 2 − ab + 4b 2 ) + (6a 2 + 8ab − b 2 )
= (5 y 2 − 3 y − 1) + (−2 y 2 − y − 1)
= a 2 − ab + 4b 2 + 6a 2 + 8ab − b 2
= 5 y2 − 3 y −1 − 2 y2 − y −1
= 7a 2 + 7ab + 3b 2
= 3y2 − 4 y − 2
86. (3x 2 y − 6 xy + x 2 y 2 − 5) − (11x 2 y 2 − 1 + 5 yx 2 )
66. (2 x + 7 x − 9) + ( x − x + 10) − (3 x − 30)
2 2 2
= 3 x 2 y − 6 xy + x 2 y 2 − 5 − 11x 2 y 2 + 1 − 5 yx 2
= (2 x + 7 x − 9) + ( x − x + 10) + (−3 x + 30)
2 2 2
= −2 x 2 y − 6 xy − 10 x 2 y 2 − 4
= 2 x + 7 x − 9 + x − x + 10 − 3 x + 30
2 2 2
= 6 x + 31 88. 1.85 x 2 − 3.76 x + 9.25 x 2 + 10.76 − 4.21x

= (1.85 + 9.25) x 2 + ( −3.76 − 4.21) x + 10.76
= 11.1x 2 − 7.97 x + 10.76

90. [(1.2 x 2 − 3x + 9.1) − (7.8 x 2 − 3.1 + 8)] + (1.2 x − 6) b. 5 y  y = 5  y1  y1 = 5  y1+1 = 5 y 2

= 1.2 x 2 − 3x + 9.1 − 7.8 x 2 + 3.1 − 8 + 1.2 x − 6
c. −5y − y = −5y − 1y = −6y
= −6.6 x 2 − 1.8 x − 1.8
d. (−5 y)(− y) = (−5  y1 )(−1  y1 )
92. −7 x( x) = −7  x  x = −7 x 2
= 5  y1+1
94. 6r 3 (7r10 ) = 6  7  r 3  r10 = 42r13 = 5 y2
answers may vary

96. − z 2 y(11zy) = −1z 2 y(11zy)
= −1 11  y  y  z 2  z 116. a. x + x = 1x + 1x = 2x
= −11 y z2 3
b. x  x = x1  x1 = x1+1 = x 2
98. 5x + 3 + 4x + 3 + 2x + 6 + 3x + 7x
= (5x + 4x + 2x + 3x + 7x) + (3 + 3 + 6) c. −x − x = −1x − 1x = −2x
= 21x + 12
d. (− x)(− x) = (− x1 )(− x1 ) = x1+1 = x 2
100. ( x 2 − 6 x − 2) + x 2 + (− x + 4) + 5 x
answers may vary
= x2 − 6 x − 2 + x2 − x + 4 + 5x
= 2 x2 − 2 x + 2 118. Since 9 + 3 = 12, 9 y 7 + 3 y 7 = 12 y 7 is a true
The perimeter is (2 x 2 − 2 x + 2) centimeters. statement.
102. (13x − 7) − (2 x + 2) = 13x − 7 − 2 x − 2 120. Since 3 + 7 = 10 and −2 − 1 = −3,

= 11x − 9 3 y 5 + 7 y 5 − 2 y 2 − y 2 = 10 y 5 − 3 y 2 is a true
The length of the remaining piece is
statement.
(11x − 9) inches.
122. 9x + 9x + 5x + 5x + 9  5 + 9  5 = 28x + 90
104. Let x = 2020 − 2000 = 20.
4.8 x 2 + 104 x + 431 = 4.8(20) 2 + 104(20) + 431 Section 5.3 Practice Exercises
= 4.8(400) + 104(20) + 431
= 1920 + 2080 + 431 1. 5 y  2 y = (5  2)( y  y) = 10 y 2
= 4431
The model predicts approximately 4431 million 2. (5 z 3 )  (−0.4 z 5 ) = (5  −0.4)( z 3  z 5 ) = −2 z8
Internet users in 2020.
106. answers may vary  1  7   1 7  7

3.  − b6   − b3  =  −  −  (b6  b3 ) = b9
 9  8   9 8  72
4. a. 3x(9 x5 + 11) = 3x(9 x5 ) + 3x(11)
110. 5x + 5x = (5 + 5)x = 10x
choice C = 27 x6 + 33x
112. (15 x − 3) − (5 x − 3) = 15 x − 3 − 5 x + 3 b. −6 x3 (2 x 2 − 9 x + 2)
= 15 x − 5 x − 3 + 3 = −6 x3 (2 x 2 ) + (−6 x3 )(−9 x) + (−6 x 2 )(2)
= (15 − 5) x
= 10 x = −12 x5 + 54 x 4 − 12 x3
choice C
114. a. 5y + y = 5y + 1y = 6y

5. Multiply each term of the first binomial by each 11. 5x2 + 2 x − 2

term of the second.
(5 x − 2)(2 x + 3) x2 − x + 3
= 5 x(2 x) + 5 x(3) + ( −2)(2 x) + ( −2)(3) 15 x 2 + 6 x − 6
= 10 x 2 + 15 x − 4 x − 6 −5 x3 − 2 x 2 + 2 x
= 10 x 2 + 11x − 6 5 x 4 + 2 x3 − 2 x 2
5 x 4 − 3 x3 + 11x 2 + 8 x − 6
6. Recall that a = a  a, so 2
(5 x − 3 y)2 = (5 x − 3 y )(5 x − 3 y ). Multiply each Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.3
term of the first binomial by each term of the
1. The expression 5x(3x + 2) equals 5x  3x + 5x  2
second.
by the distributive property.
(5 x − 3 y)(5 x − 3 y)
= 5 x(5 x) + 5 x(−3 y) + (−3 y)(5 x) + (−3 y)(−3 y) 2. The expression (x + 4)(7x − 1) equals
= 25 x 2 − 15 xy − 15 xy + 9 y 2 x(7x − 1) + 4(7x − 1) by the distributive property.
= 25 x 2 − 30 xy + 9 y 2
3. The expression (5 y − 1) 2 equals (5y − 1)(5y − 1).
7. Multiply each term of the first polynomial by
each term of the second. 4. The expression 9x  3x equals 27x 2 .
( y + 4)(2 y − 3 y + 5)2
= y(2 y 2 ) + y(−3 y) + y(5) + 4(2 y 2 ) 5. No; the monomials are unlike terms.
+ 4(−3 y) + 4(5)
6. distributive property, product rule
= 2 y3 − 3 y 2 + 5 y + 8 y 2 − 12 y + 20
= 2 y3 + 5 y 2 − 7 y + 20 7. Yes; the parentheses have been removed for the
vertical format, but every term in the first
polynomial is still distributed to every term in
8. Write ( s + 2t )3 as (s + 2t)(s + 2t)(s + 2t). the second polynomial.
( s + 2t )( s + 2t )( s + 2t )
= ( s 2 + 2st + 2st + 4t 2 )( s + 2t ) Exercise Set 5.3
= ( s 2 + 4st + 4t 2 )( s + 2t )
2. 9t 6 (−3t 5 ) = 9(−3)(t 6  t 5 ) = −27t11
= ( s + 4st + 4t ) s + ( s + 4st + 4t )(2t )
2 2 2 2
= s3 + 4s 2t + 4st 2 + 2s 2t + 8st 2 + 8t 3 4. (−5.2 x 4 )(3x 4 ) = (−5.2  3)( x 4  x 4 ) = −15.6 x8

= s + 6s t + 12st + 8t
3 2 2 3
9. 5 x − 3x + 5
2
 3  1   3 1 
 4  7   4 7 
(
6.  − y 7   y 4  =  −   y 7  y 4 = −
28
)
3 11
y
 x−4
−20 x 2 + 12 x − 20 8. ( x)(5 x 4 )(−6 x7 ) = 5(−6)( x  x 4  x7 ) = −30 x12
5 x3 − 3 x 2 + 5 x
10. 2 x(6 x + 3) = (2 x)(6 x) + (2 x)(3) = 12 x 2 + 6 x
5 x3 − 23x 2 + 17 x − 20
12. −3a(2a + 7) = −3a(2a) + (−3a)(7) = −6a 2 − 21a

10. x3 − 2 x 2 + 1
 x2 + 2 14. 4 x(5 x 2 − 6 x − 10)
2 x3 − 4 x 2 + 2 = 4 x(5 x 2 ) + 4 x(−6 x) + 4 x(−10)
x − 2x
5 4
+x 2
= 20 x3 − 24 x 2 − 40 x
x − 2 x + 2 x − 3x + 2
5 4 3 2

16. −4b2 (3b3 − 12b2 − 6) = −4b2 (3b3 ) + (−4b2 )(−12b2 ) + (−4b2 )(−6)
= −12b5 + 48b4 + 24b2
18. − x(6 y 3 − 5 xy 2 + x 2 y − 5 x3 ) = − x(6 y 3 ) + (− x)(−5 xy 2 ) + (− x)( x 2 y) + (− x)(−5 x3 )

= −6 xy 3 + 5 x 2 y 2 − x3 y + 5 x 4
1 2 1 1 1
20. y (9 y 2 − 6 y + 1) = y 2 (9 y 2 ) + y 2 (−6 y) + y 2 (1)
3 3 3 3
3 1 2
= 3y − 2 y + y
4
3
22. ( x + 2)( x + 9) = x( x) + x(9) + 2( x) + 2(9)

= x 2 + 9 x + 2 x + 18
= x 2 + 11x + 18
24. ( y − 10)( y + 11) = y( y) + y(11) + (−10)( y) + (−10)(11)

= y 2 + 11y − 10 y − 110
= y 2 + y − 110
 3  2  2 3 3 2
26.  x +  x −  = x( x) + x  −  + ( x) +  − 
 5  5  5 5 5 5
2 2 3 6
= x − x+ x−
5 5 25
2 1 6
= x + x−
5 25
28. (5 x 2 + 2)(6 x 2 + 2) = (5 x 2 )(6 x 2 ) + 5 x 2 (2) + 2(6 x 2 ) + 2(2)

= 30 x 4 + 10 x 2 + 12 x 2 + 4
= 30 x 4 + 22 x 2 + 4
30. (6 x − 7)2 = (6 x − 7)(6 x − 7)

= 6 x(6 x) + 6 x(−7) + (−7)(6 x) + (−7)(−7)
= 36 x 2 − 42 x − 42 x + 49
= 36 x 2 − 84 x + 49
32. (8 x − 3)(2 x − 4) = 8 x(2 x) + 8 x(−4) + (−3)(2 x) + (−3)(−4)

= 16 x 2 − 32 x − 6 x + 12
= 16 x 2 − 38 x + 12
34. ( x 2 + 4)2 = ( x 2 + 4)( x 2 + 4)

= x 2 ( x 2 ) + x 2 (4) + 4( x 2 ) + 4( 4)
= x 4 + 4 x 2 + 4 x 2 + 16
= x 4 + 8 x 2 + 16

36. a. 9 x 2 (−10 x 2 ) = 9(−10)( x 2  x 2 ) = −90 x 4
b. 9 x 2 − 10 x 2 = (9 − 10) x 2 = (−1) x 2 = − x 2
c. answers may vary
38. ( x + 3)( x 2 + 5 x − 8) = x( x 2 ) + x(5 x) + x(−8) + 3( x 2 ) + 3(5 x) + 3(−8)

= x3 + 5 x 2 − 8 x + 3x 2 + 15 x − 24
= x3 + 8 x 2 + 7 x − 24
40. (a + 2)(a3 − 3a 2 + 7) = a(a3 ) + a(−3a 2 ) + a(7) + 2(a 3 ) + 2(−3a 2 ) + 2(7)

= a 4 − 3a3 + 7a + 2a3 − 6a 2 + 14
= a 4 − a3 − 6a 2 + 7a + 14
42. (3 + b)(2 − 5b − 3b 2 ) = 3(2) + 3(−5b) + 3(−3b 2 ) + b(2) + b(−5b) + b(−3b 2 )

= 6 − 15b − 9b 2 + 2b − 5b 2 − 3b3
= −3b3 − 14b 2 − 13b + 6
44. ( y − 1)3 = ( y − 1)( y − 1)( y − 1)

= ( y 2 − y − y + 1)( y − 1)
= ( y 2 − 2 y + 1)( y − 1)
= ( y 2 − 2 y + 1) y + ( y 2 − 2 y + 1)(−1)
= y3 − 2 y 2 + y − y 2 + 2 y − 1
= y3 − 3 y 2 + 3 y − 1
46. (3x + 4)3 = (3x + 4)(3 x + 4)(3 x + 4)

= (9 x 2 + 12 x + 12 x + 16)(3x + 4)
= (9 x 2 + 24 x + 16)(3x + 4)
= (9 x 2 + 24 x + 16)3x + (9 x 2 + 24 x + 16)4
= 27 x3 + 72 x 2 + 48 x + 36 x 2 + 96 x + 64
= 27 x3 + 108 x 2 + 144 x + 64
4x − 7
48.
 5x + 1
4x − 7
20 x 2 − 35 x
20 x 2 − 31x − 7
50. 8x2 + 2 x − 4
 4x − 5
−40 x 2 − 10 x + 20
32 x3 + 8 x 2 − 16 x
32 x3 − 32 x 2 − 26 x + 20

52. 3x2 − x + 2 68. (5 x + 4)( x 2 − x + 4)

 x2 + 2 x + 1 = 5 x( x 2 ) + 5 x(− x) + 5 x(4) + 4( x 2 ) + 4(− x) + 4(4)
3x 2 −x+2 = 5 x3 − 5 x 2 + 20 x + 4 x 2 − 4 x + 16
6 x3 − 2 x 2 + 4 x = 5 x3 − x 2 + 16 x + 16
3 x 4 − x3 + 2 x 2
70. a 2 + 3a − 2
3x + 5 x + 3x + 3x + 2
4 3 2
 2 a 2 − 5a − 1
54. −4.2 x(−2 x5 ) = −4.2(−2)( x  x5 ) = 8.4 x 6 −a 2 − 3a + 2
−5a3 − 15a 2 + 10a
56. −5 x( x 2 − 3x + 10) 2a 4 + 6a 3 − 4a 2
= −5 x( x ) + (−5 x)(−3x) + (−5 x)(10)
2
2a 4 + a3 − 20a 2 + 7a + 2
= −5 x3 + 15 x 2 − 50 x
72. ( x + 4) 2 = ( x + 4)( x + 4)
58. (3 y + 4)( y + 11) = 3 y( y) + 3 y(11) + 4( y) + 4(11) = x( x) + x( 4) + 4( x) + 4( 4)
= 3 y 2 + 33 y + 4 y + 44 = x 2 + 4 x + 4 x + 16
= 3 y + 37 y + 44
2
= x 2 + 8 x + 16
The area is ( x 2 + 8 x + 16) square feet.
 2  1
60.  m +   m − 
 9  9
74. ( y − 1)3 = ( y − 1)( y − 1)( y − 1)
 1 2 2 1
= m(m) + m  −  + (m) +  −  = ( y 2 − y − y + 1)( y − 1)
 9 9 9 9
2 1 2 2 = ( y 2 − 2 y + 1)( y − 1)
= m − m+ m−
9 9 81 = ( y 2 − 2 y + 1) y + ( y 2 − 2 y + 1)(−1)
2 1 2 = y3 − 2 y 2 + y − y 2 + 2 y − 1
= m + m−
9 81
= y3 − 3 y 2 + 3 y − 1
62. (7 y + 2)2 = (7 y + 2)(7 y + 2) The volume is ( y 3 − 3 y 2 + 3 y − 1) cubic meters.

= 7 y(7 y) + 7 y(2) + 2(7 y) + 2(2)
= 49 y 2 + 14 y + 14 y + 4 76. Add: 4 y 7 + 4 y 3 cannot be simplified.
= 49 y 2 + 28 y + 4 Subtract: 4 y 7 − 4 y 3 cannot be simplified.
Multiply: 4 y 7  4 y 3 = 4  4  y 7  y 3
64. (t + 3)(t − 5t + 5)
2
= 16 y 7 +3
= t (t 2 ) + t (−5t ) + t (5) + 3(t 2 ) + 3(−5t ) + 3(5)
= 16 y10
= t 3 − 5t 2 + 5t + 3t 2 − 15t + 15
4 y7 4 7 −3
= t 3 − 2t 2 − 10t + 15 Divide: = y = 1 y 4 = y 4
3 4
4y
66. (3 y − 1) = (3 y − 1)(3 y − 1)(3 y − 1)
3
= (9 y 2 − 3 y − 3 y + 1)(3 y − 1) 78. Add: −14 x 2 + 2 x 2 = (−14 + 2) x 2 = −12 x 2

= (9 y 2 − 6 y + 1)(3 y − 1) Subtract: −14 x 2 − 2 x 2 = (−14 − 2) x 2 = −16 x 2
= (9 y 2 − 6 y + 1)3 y + (9 y 2 − 6 y + 1)(−1) Multiply: −14 x 2  2 x 2 = −14  2  x 2  x 2
= 27 y 3 − 18 y 2 + 3 y − 9 y 2 + 6 y − 1 = −28 x 2+ 2
= 27 y 3 − 27 y 2 + 9 y − 1 = −28 x 4
−14 x 2 −14 2− 2
Divide: = x = −7 x0 = −7 1 = −7
2 2
2x
80. a. (8 x − 3) − (5 x − 2) = 8 x − 3 − 5 x + 2 = 3 x − 1 98. larger rectangle:

( x + 1)( x + 4) = x( x) + x(4) + 1( x) + 1(4)
b. (8 x − 3)(5 x − 2) = x2 + 4 x + x + 4
= 8 x(5 x − 2) + (−3)(5 x − 2)
= x2 + 5x + 4
= 8 x(5 x) + 8 x(−2) + (−3)(5 x) + ( −3)( −2)
small square: x  x = x 2
= 40 x 2 − 16 x − 15 x + 6
shaded region: x 2 + 5 x + 4 − x 2 = 5 x + 4
= 40 x 2 − 31x + 6
The area of the shaded region is (5x + 4) square
answers may vary units.
82. (2x − 1) + (10x − 7) = 2x − 1 + 10x − 7 = 12x − 8 Section 5.4 Practice Exercises
84. (2 x − 1)(10 x − 7) 1. ( x + 2)( x − 5)

= 2 x(10 x − 7) + (−1)(10 x − 7) = ( x)( x) + ( x)(−5) + ( 2)( x) + ( 2)(−5)
= 2 x(10 x) + 2 x(−7) + (−1)(10 x) + (−1)(−7) = x 2 − 5 x + 2 x − 10
= 20 x 2 − 14 x − 10 x + 7 = x 2 − 3 x − 10
= 20 x 2 − 24 x + 7 2. (4 x − 9)( x − 1)
= 4 x( x) + 4 x(−1) + (−9)( x) + (−9)(−1)
86. (2 x − 1) − (10 x − 7) = (2 x − 1) + (−10 x + 7)
= 2 x − 1 − 10 x + 7 = 4 x2 − 4 x − 9 x + 9
= −8 x + 6 = 4 x 2 − 13 x + 9
88. larger rectangle: x(1 + 2x) 3. 3( x + 5)(3 x − 1) = 3(3 x 2 − x + 15 x − 5)

left rectangle: x  1 = x
= 3(3x 2 + 14 x − 5)
right rectangle: x  2 x = 2 x 2
= 9 x 2 + 42 x − 15
left rectangle + right rectangle: x + 2 x 2
90. entire figure: (3x + 1)(3x + 1) 4. (4 x − 1)2

= (4 x − 1)(4 x − 1)
top left rectangle: 3x  3x = 9 x 2
= (4 x)(4 x) + (4 x)(−1) + (−1)(4 x) + (−1)(−1)
top right rectangle: 3x  1 = 3x
bottom left rectangle: 1  3x = 3x = 16 x 2 − 4 x − 4 x + 1
bottom right rectangle: 1  1 = 1 = 16 x 2 − 8 x + 1
entire figure: 9 x 2 + 3x + 3x + 1 = 9 x 2 + 6 x + 1
5. a. (b + 3)2 = b2 + 2(b)(3) + 32 = b2 + 6b + 9
92. 5a  6a = 5  6(a  a) = 30a 2
b. ( x − y)2 = x 2 − 2( x)( y) + y 2 = x 2 − 2 xy + y 2
94. (5 x + 2 y)2 = (5 x + 2 y)(5 x + 2 y)
= 5 x(5 x) + 5 x(2 y) + 2 y(5 x) + 2 y(2 y) c. (3 y + 2) 2 = (3 y)2 + 2(3 y)(2) + 22
= 25 x 2 + 10 xy + 10 xy + 4 y 2 = 9 y 2 + 12 y + 4
= 25 x 2 + 20 xy + 4 y 2
d. (a 2 − 5b)2 = (a 2 )2 − 2(a 2 )(5b) + (5b) 2
96. a. (2 + 3)2 = (5)2 = 5  5 = 25 = a 4 − 10a 2b + 25b2
22 + 32 = (2  2) + (3  3) = 4 + 9 = 13
6. a. 3( x + 5)( x − 5) = 3( x 2 − 52 )
b. (8 + 10)2 = (18)2 = 18 18 = 324 = 3x( x 2 − 25)
= 3x 2 − 75
82 + 102 = (8  8) + (10 10) = 64 + 100 = 164
c. no; answers may vary b. (4b − 3)(4b + 3) = (4b)2 − 32 = 16b2 − 9

 2  2 2 2 2 4
2
4. ( x − 1)( x3 + 3x − 1)
c.  x + 3  x − 3  = x −  3  = x − 9 = x( x3 + 3x − 1) − 1( x3 + 3x − 1)
    
= x 4 + 3 x 2 − x − x3 − 3x + 1
d. (5s + t )(5s − t ) = (5s) − t = 25s − t
2 2 2 2
= x 4 − x3 + 3 x 2 − 4 x + 1
This is a polynomial of degree 4; the statement is
e. (2 y − 3z 2 )(2 y + 3 z 2 ) = ( 2 y) 2 − (3z 2 ) 2 false.
= 4 y2 − 9z4
5. a binomial times a binomial
7. a. (4 x + 3)( x − 6) = 4 x 2 − 24 x + 3x − 18 6. FOIL order for multiplication, distributive

= 4 x − 21x − 18
2 property
7. Multiplying gives you four terms, and the two

b. (7b − 2)2 = (7b)2 − 2(7b)(2) + 22 like terms will always subtract out.
= 49b2 − 28b + 4
8. The FOIL method is only used for multiplying a
c. ( x + 0.4)( x − 0.4) = x − (0.4) = x − 0.16
2 2 2 binomial and a binomial and that is not the case
for this example.
 2 3  4 2  Exercise Set 5.4
d.  x − 7  3 x + 7 
  
6 2 2 9 4
= 3x + x − x −
6 2. ( x + 5)( x − 1) = x 2 − 1x + 5 x − 5 = x 2 + 4 x − 5
7 7 49
9 2 6 4. ( y − 12)( y + 4) = y 2 + 4 y − 12 y − 48
= 3x6 − x 4 + x 2 −
7 7 49
= y 2 − 8 y − 48
e. ( x + 1)( x 2 + 5 x − 2)
6. (3 y − 5)(2 y − 7) = 6 y 2 − 21 y − 10 y + 35
= x( x 2 + 5 x − 2) + 1( x 2 + 5 x − 2)
= 6 y 2 − 31 y + 35
= x3 + 5 x 2 − 2 x + x 2 + 5 x − 2
= x3 + 6 x 2 + 3 x − 2 8. 2( x − 11)(2 x − 9) = 2(2 x 2 − 9 x − 22 x + 99)
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.4 = 2(2 x 2 − 31x + 99)
= 4 x 2 − 62 x + 198
1. ( x + 4) = x + 2( x)(4) + 4
2 2 2
= x 2 + 8 x + 16  x 2 + 16 10. (6 x + 2)( x − 2) = 6 x 2 − 12 x + 2 x − 4
The statement is false. = 6 x 2 − 10 x − 4
2. ( x + 6)(2 x − 1) = 2 x 2 − x + 12 x − 6  2  1 1 2 2
12.  x −   x +  = x 2 + x − x −
= 2 x 2 + 11x − 6  5  5 5 5 25
The statement is true. 1 2
= x2 − x −
5 25
3. ( x + 4)( x − 4) = x 2 − 42 = x 2 − 16  x 2 + 16
The statement is false. 14. ( x + 7)2 = x 2 + 2( x)(7) + 7 2 = x 2 + 14 x + 49
16. (7 x − 3)2 = (7 x)2 − 2(7 x)(3) + (3)2

= 49 x 2 − 42 x + 9
18. (5a + 2)2 = (5a)2 + 2(5a)(2) + 22

= 25a 2 + 20a + 4

20. (6s − 2)2 = (6s)2 − 2(6s)(2) + 22 50. (a 4 + 5)(a 4 + 6) = a8 + 6a 4 + 5a 4 + 30

= 36s 2 − 24s + 4 = a8 + 11a 4 + 30
22. (b + 3)(b − 3) = b2 − 32 = b 2 − 9 52. ( y − 0.9)( y + 0.9) = y 2 − 0.92 = y 2 − 0.81
24. (4 x − 5)(4 x + 5) = (4 x) 2 − 52 = 16 x 2 − 25 54. ( x5 + 5)( x 2 − 8) = x7 − 8 x5 + 5 x 2 − 40
2
 2  2 2 56. 2(3b + 7)2 = 2[(3b)2 + 2(3b)(7) + 7 2 ]
26. 10 x +  10 x −  = (10 x)2 −  
 7  7 7 = 2(9b2 + 42b + 49)
4 = 18b2 + 84b + 98
= 100 x 2 −
49
58. (3 y − 13)( y − 3) = 3 y 2 − 9 y − 13 y + 39
28. (2 x − y)(2 x + y) = (2 x) − y = 4 x − y
2 2 2 2
= 3 y 2 − 22 y + 39
30. (5 x − 1.3)(5 x + 1.3) = (5 x) 2 − (1.3) 2 60. (3s − 4)(3s + 4) = (3s)2 − 42 = 9s 2 − 16

= 25 x − 1.69
2
2
2  2  2 
32. (a − 5)(a − 7) = a 2 − 7a − 5a + 35 62.  a − b 2  a + b 2  =  a  − (b 2 )2
3  3  3 
= a 2 − 12a + 35 4
= a 2 − b4
9
34. (b − 2)2 = b2 − 2(b)(2) + 22 = b 2 − 4b + 4
64. 4 x3 (2 x 2 + 5 x − 1)
36. (6a + 7)(6a + 5) = 36a 2 + 30a + 42a + 35
= 4 x3 (2 x 2 ) + 4 x3 (5 x) + 4 x3 (−1)
= 36a 2 + 72a + 35
= 8 x5 + 20 x 4 − 4 x3
38. ( x − 10)( x + 10) = x 2 − 102 = x 2 − 100
66. (6r − 2 x)(6r + 2 x) = (6r ) 2 − (2 x) 2 = 36r 2 − 4 x 2
40. (4a − 2)2 = (4a)2 − 2(4a)(2) + 22

68. (4 s − 2 y)2 = (4 s)2 − 2(4 s)(2 y) + (2 y) 2
= 16a 2 − 16a + 4
= 16s 2 − 16sy + 4 y 2
42. ( x3 − 2)(5 x + y) = 5 x 4 + x3 y − 10 x − 2 y
70. (3x + 5)(3x − 5) = (3 x) 2 − 52 = 9 x 2 − 25
44. ( x − 2)( x 2 − 4 x + 2)
72. (3x + 2)2 = (3x)2 + 2(3x)(2) + (2) 2
= x( x 2 − 4 x + 2) − 2( x 2 − 4 x + 2)
= 9 x 2 + 12 x + 4
= x3 − 4 x 2 + 2 x − 2 x 2 + 8 x − 4
= x3 − 6 x 2 + 10 x − 4 a  a  a
2
a2
74.  + 4 y  − 4 y  =   − (4 y)2 = − 16 y 2
2  2  2 4
46. (5b − 4 x)2 = (5b)2 − 2(5b)(4 x) + (4 x) 2
= 25b2 − 40bx + 16 x 2 2
y  y   y y2
76.  − 8  + 8  =   − 82 = − 64
48. (11x − 7 y)(11x + 7 y) 6  6  6 36
= (11x)2 − (7 y)2
= 121x 2 − 49 y 2

78. (b + 3)(2b 2 + b − 3) 102. (2 y + 11)(2 y + 11) = (2 y + 11) 2

= b(2b 2 + b − 3) + 3(2b 2 + b − 3) = (2 y) 2 + 2(2 y)(11) + 112
= 2b3 + b 2 − 3b + 6b 2 + 3b − 9 = 4 y 2 + 44 y + 121
= 2b3 + 7b 2 − 9 The area is (4 y 2 + 44 y + 121) square units.
80. (3x − 2)( x − 4) = 3x 2 − 12 x − 2 x + 8 104. answers may vary

= 3x 2 − 14 x + 8
The area is (3 x 2 − 14 x + 8) square inches.
3 6
x y
82. = x3−1 y 6− 2 = x 2 y 4 110. [(a + c) − 5][(a + c) + 5] = (a + c) 2 − 52
xy 2
= a 2 + 2ac + c 2 − 25
−6a8 y −6 8− 4 1−1
84. = a y = −2a 4 112. [( x − 2) + y ][( x − 2) − y ] = ( x − 2) 2 − y 2
4 3
3a y
= x2 − 4 x + 4 − y 2
−48ab6 −48 1−1 6−3 3b3 Integrated Review

86. = a b =−
32ab3 32 2
1. (5 x 2 )(7 x3 ) = (5  7)( x 2  x3 ) = 35 x5
88. (−1, 2) and (1, 1)
y −y 1− 2 1 2. (4 y 2 )(8 y 7 ) = (4  8)( y 2  y 7 ) = 32 y 9
m= 2 1 = =−
x2 − x1 1 − (−1) 2
3. −42 = −(4  4) = −16
90. (0, 3) and (2, 0)
y −y 0−3 3
m= 2 1 = =− 4. (−4)2 = (−4)(−4) = 16
x2 − x1 2 − 0 2
5. ( x − 5)(2 x + 1) = 2 x 2 + x − 10 x − 5
92. (a − b)(a + b) = a 2 − b 2
= 2 x2 − 9 x − 5
Choice A
6. (3x − 2)( x + 5) = 3x 2 + 15 x − 2 x − 10
94. (a + b)2 (a − b)2 = (a 2 + 2ab + b2 )(a 2 − 2ab + b 2 )
Choice E = 3x 2 + 13x − 10
96. When squaring the binomial, the first term in the 7. ( x − 5) + (2 x + 1) = x − 5 + 2 x + 1 = 3 x − 4

2
result is (5x )2 = 25x . Thus, 2 = 6 so 8. (3 x − 2) + ( x + 5) = 3 x − 2 + x + 5 = 4 x + 3
= 3.
7 x9 y12
9. = 7 x9−3 y12−10 = 7 x 6 y 2
3 10
98. (2 x + 3)(2 x − 3) − x  x = 4 x − 9 − x
2 2 x y
= 3x − 9
2
The shaded area is (3 x 2 − 9) square units. 20a 2b8 20 2− 2 8−2 10b6

10. = a b =
14a 2b2 14 7
100. (3x − 4)(3x + 4) − 4  x  x = 9 x − 16 − 4 x
2 2
11. (12m7 n6 )2 = 122 m72 n62 = 144m14 n12
= 5 x 2 − 16
The shaded area is (5 x 2 − 16) square
12. (4 y 9 z10 )3 = 43 y 93 z103 = 64 y 27 z 30
centimeters.

13. 3(4 y − 3)(4 y + 3) = 3[(4 y) 2 − 32 ] 27. ( x − 3)( x 2 + 5 x − 1)

= 3(16 y 2 − 9) = x( x 2 + 5 x − 1) − 3( x 2 + 5 x − 1)
= 48 y 2 − 27 = x3 + 5 x 2 − x − 3x 2 − 15 x + 3
= x3 + 2 x 2 − 16 x + 3
14. 2(7 x − 1)(7 x + 1) = 2[(7 x) − 1 ] 2 2
= 2(49 x 2 − 1) 28. ( x + 1)( x 2 − 3x − 2)

= 98 x 2 − 2 = x( x 2 − 3x − 2) + 1( x 2 − 3 x − 2)
= x3 − 3 x 2 − 2 x + x 2 − 3 x − 2
79 59
15. ( x y ) = x
7 5 9
y =x y 63 45
= x3 − 2 x 2 − 5 x − 2
16. (31 x9 )3 = 313 x93 = 33 x27 = 27 x27 29. (2 x3 − 7)(3x 2 + 10)

= 2 x3 (3x 2 ) + 2 x3 (10) − 7(3 x 2 ) − 7(10)
17. (7 x − 2 x + 3) − (5 x + 9)
2 2
= 6 x5 + 20 x3 − 21x 2 − 70
= 7 x − 2x + 3 − 5x − 9
2 2
= 2 x2 − 2 x − 6 30. (5 x3 − 1)(4 x 4 + 5)
= 5 x3 (4 x 4 ) + 5 x3 (5) − 1(4 x 4 ) − 1(5)
18. (10 x + 7 x − 9) − (4 x − 6 x + 2)
2 2
= 20 x7 + 25 x3 − 4 x 4 − 5
= 10 x + 7 x − 9 − 4 x + 6 x − 2
2 2
= 6 x 2 + 13x − 11 31. (2 x − 7)( x 2 − 6 x + 1)

= 2 x( x 2 − 6 x + 1) − 7( x 2 − 6 x + 1)
19. 0.7 y 2 − 1.2 + 1.8 y 2 − 6 y + 1 = 2.5 y 2 − 6 y − 0.2 = 2 x3 − 12 x 2 + 2 x − 7 x 2 + 42 x − 7
= 2 x3 − 19 x 2 + 44 x − 7
20. 7.8 x − 6.8 x + 3.3 + 0.6 x − 9
2 2
= 8.4 x 2 − 6.8 x − 5.7 32. (5 x − 1)( x 2 + 2 x − 3)

= 5 x( x 2 + 2 x − 3) − 1( x 2 + 2 x − 3)
21. ( x + 4 y)2 = x 2 + 2( x)(4 y) + (4 y) 2
= 5 x3 + 10 x 2 − 15 x − x 2 − 2 x + 3
= x + 8 xy + 16 y
2 2
= 5 x3 + 92 − 17 x + 3
22. ( y − 9 z ) 2 = y 2 − 2( y)(9 z) + (9 z ) 2
33. 5 x3 + 5 y 3 cannot be simplified.
= y 2 − 18 yz + 81z 2
34. (5 x3 )(5 y 3 ) = 5  5 x3 y 3 = 25 x3 y 3
23. ( x + 4 y) + ( x + 4 y) = x + 4 y + x + 4 y = 2 x + 8 y
24. ( y − 9 z) + ( y − 9 z) = y − 9 z + y − 9z = 2 y − 18z 35. (5 x3 )3 = 53 x33 = 125 x9
25. 7 x 2 − 6 xy + 4( y 2 − xy) = 7 x 2 − 6 xy + 4 y 2 − 4 xy 5 x3 x3
36. =
= 7 x 2 − 10 xy + 4 y 2 5 y3 y3
37. x + x = 2x
26. 5a 2 − 3ab + 6(b2 − a 2 ) = 5a 2 − 3ab + 6b2 − 6a 2
= −a 2 − 3ab + 6b2 38. x  x = x 2

Section 5.5 Practice Exercises x 2 ( x 5 )3 x 2  x15

b. =
−3 11 x7 x7
1. a. 5 = = x 2+15
3 125
5 =
x7
1 3 17
b. 3 y −4 = 3  = =
x
4 4
y y x7
= x17 −7
1 1 2 3 5
c. 3−1 + 2−1 = + = + = = x10
3 2 6 6 6
−2
1 1 1  5 p8  5−2 ( p8 ) −2
d. (−5) −2
= = = c.   =
( − )( − )  q  q −2
(−5) 2 5 5 25  
5−2 p −16
=
q −2
1
e. x −5 =
5
x q2
=
52 p16
1 s5
2. a. = = s5 q2
s −5 1 =
25 p16
1 23
b. = =8
2−3 6−2 x −4 y −7
1 d. = 6−2−( −3) x −4−3 y −7 −( −9)
−3 3 −9
6 x y
x −7 y5 = 61 x −7 y 2
c. =
−5 7
y x 6 y2
=
x7
4−3 9 32
d. = =
−2 3 3
3 4 64  −3 x 4 y  (−3)3 x12 y 3
e.  2 −2  =
x y  x 6 y −6
x −3
1  
3. a. = x −3− 2 = x −5 = −27 x12 y 3
2
x x5 =
x 6 y −6
b.
5
= 5
1
= 5  y7 = 5 y7 = −27 x12−6 y 3−( −6)
−7 −7
y y = −27 x 6 y 9
c.
z
=
z1
= z1−( −4) = z 5 5. a. 0.000007 = 7 10−6
−4 −4 The decimal point is moved 6 places, and
z z
the original number is less than 1, so the
−2
5−2 92 count is −6.
5 81
d. 9 = = =
  −2 2 25
9 5 b. 20, 700, 000 = 2.07 107
The decimal point is moved 7 places, and
b15
4. a. (a 4b −3 )−5 = a −20b15 = the original number is 10 or greater, so the
a 20 count is 7.

c. 0.0043 = 4.3 10−3 Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.5

The decimal point is moved 3 places, and
1
the original number is less than 1, so the 1. The expression x −3 equals .
count is −3. x3
d. 812, 000, 000 = 8.12 108 1

2. The expression 5−4 equals .
The decimal point is moved 8 places, and 625
the original number is 10 or greater, so the
count is 8. 3. The number 3.021 10−3 is written in scientific
6. a. Move the decimal point 4 places to the left. notation.
3.67 10−4 = 0.000367 4. The number 0.0261 is written in standard form.
b. Move the decimal point 6 places to the right. 5. A negative exponent has nothing to do with the
8.954 106 = 8, 954, 000 sign of the simplified result.
c. Move the decimal point 5 places to the left. 6. power of a product rule, power rule for
exponents, negative exponent definition, quotient
2.009 10−5 = 0.00002009 rule for exponents
d. Move the decimal point 3 places to the right. 7. When you move the decimal point to the left, the
4.054 103 = 4054 sign of the exponent will be positive; when you
move the decimal point to the right, the sign of
7. a. (5  10−4 )(8  106 ) = (5  8)  (10−4 106 ) the exponent will be negative.
= 40  102 8. the exponent on 10
= 4000
9. the quotient rule
64  10 3
64
b. =  103−( −7) Exercise Set 5.5
−7
32  10 32
= 2  1010 1 1
2. 6−2 = =
= 20, 000, 000, 000 6 2 36
Calculator Explorations 1 1
4. (−3)−5 = =−
(−3) 5 243
1. 5.31103 = 5.31 EE 3
1 1 1
2. −4.8 1014 = −4.8 EE 14 6. (7 x)−3 = = =
3 3 3
( 7 x) 7 x 343x3
3. 6.6 10−9 = 6.6 EE − 9
−2
1 1−2 82
−2
8.   = = = 64
4. −9.981110 = −9.9811 EE − 2 8 8−2 12
−2
5. 3, 000, 000  5, 000, 000 = 1.5 1013  1 (−1)−2 82 64
10.  −  = = = = 64
 8 −2
(8) (−1) 2 1
6. 230, 000 1000 = 2.3 108
1 1 1 1 4 1 5
7. (3.26 106 )(2.5 1013 ) = 8.15 1019 12. 4−1 + 4−2 = + = + = + =
1 2 4 16 16 16 16
4 4
8. (8.76 10−4 )(1.237 109 ) = 1.083612 106

1
= q5 15a 4 15 4−5 1
14.
−5 44. = a = −1(a −1 ) = −
q −15a 5 −15 a
r −5 s2 −5 x 4 y 5 −5 4− 4 5− 2 1 y3
16. = 46. = x y = −  y3 = −
s −2 r5 15 x 4 y 2 15 3 3
48. (−5a 4b −7 )(−a −4b3 ) = −5(−1)a 4+( −4) a −7 +3

y
18. = y1−( −3) = y 4
y −3 = 5a 0b −4
5
x −4 1 =
20. = x −4−( −1) = x −3 = b4
−1
x x3
16
1 1
1 1 4 1 3 50. (4−1 x5 )−2 = 4−1( −2) x5( −2) = 42 x −10 =
−2 −3
22. 4 −4 = − = − = − = x10
2 3 16 64 64 64 64
4 4
−3
−1
 a 5b  a 5( −3) b −3
24. = −1( y ) = − y
6 6 52.   =
 a 7 b −2  a 7( −3) b −2( −3)
y −6  
a −15b −3
=
26. 50 + (−5)0 = 1 + 1 = 2 a −21b6
= a −15−( −21) b −3−6
y 4 y5 = a 6 b −9
28. = y 4 + 5− 6 = y 3
y6 a6
=
3
b9
y y
30. = y 3+1−( −2) = y 6
−2
y 3−1 x 4 x11 x11
54. = 3−1−3 x 4−( −7) = 3−4 x11 = =
33 x −7 34 81
2 8 16
(x ) x x x
32. = = x16+1−9 = x8
9 9 5−1 z 7 5
= 5−1−( −2) z 7 −9 = 51 z −2 =
x x
56.
−2 9
5 z z2
p
34. = p1−( −3) q5 = p 4 q5
p −3q −5 6−5 x −1 y 2
58. = 6−5−( −2) x −1−( −4) y 2− 4
−2 −4 4
6 x y
1
36. ( z 5 x5 ) −3 = z 5( −3) x5( −3) = z −15 x −15 = = 6−3 x3 y −2
z15 x15
x3
=
( y 4 )2 y8 1 63 y 2
38. = = y8−12 = y −4 =
y12 y12 y4 x3
=
216 y 2
( x 2 )5 x10 1
40. = = x10−12 = x −2 =
4 3 12
(x ) x x2
27r 4 27 4−6 9
42. = r = 9r −2 =
6
3r 3 r2

 r −2 s −3 
−3
r −2( −3) s −3( −3) 72. 0.00000017 = 1.7 10−7
60.   =
 r −4 s −3  r −4( −3) s −3( −3)
  74. 0.00194 = 1.94 10−3
6 9
r s
=
r12 s9 76. 700, 000 = 7.0 105
= r 6−12 s9−9
= r −6 s 0 78. 20, 000, 000 = 2 107
1
= 80. 320, 000, 000 = 3.2 108
r6
(rs) −3 r −3 s −3 82. 9.056 10−4 = 0.0009056

62. =
(r 2 s3 )2 r 2( 2) s3( 2)
84. 4.8 10−6 = 0.0000048
r −3 s −3
=
r 4 s6 86. 9.07 1010 = 90, 700, 000, 000
−3− 4 −3−6
=r s
= r −7 s −9 88. 6.02214199 10 23
1 = 602, 214,199, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000
=
7 9
r s
90. 7.3 109 = 7, 300, 000, 000
(−3 x 2 y 2 ) −2 (−3) −2 x −4 y −4
64. = 92. $359, 000, 000, 000 = $3.59 1011
( xyz )−2 x −2 y −2 z −2
= (−3)−2 x −4−( −2) y −4−( −2) z 2
94. $1.5 1013 = $15, 000, 000, 000, 000
−2 −2 −2 2
= (−3) x y z
z 2 96. Tallest bar = China;
=
(−3)2 x 2 y 2 $860, 000, 000, 000 = $8.6 1011
z2 Shortest bar = Indonesia;
= $225, 000, 000, 000 = $2.25 1011
9 x2 y 2
98. (2.5  106 )(2  10−6 ) = (2.5  2)  (106 10 −6 )

−8 xa 2b−8 1−1 2−5 1−1 8 0 −3 0 8
66. = x a b = x a b = = 5.0  100
−5 xa b
5 −5 5 5a3
=5
(a 6b −2 )4 a 6( 4) b −2( 4)
68. = 100. (5  106 )(4  10−8 ) = (5  4)  (106 10 −8 )
−3 −3 3 3 −3(3) −3(3)
( 4a b ) 4 a b = 20  10−2
24 −8
= 2.0  10−1
a b
=
3 −9 −9
4 a b = 0.2
1 24−( −9) −8−( −9)
= a b
64 25 10−4 25
1 33 102. =  10−4−( −9) = 5 105 = 500, 000
= −9
a b 5 10 5
64
a33b
= 0.4 105 0.4
64 104. =  105−11 = 2  10−6 = 0.000002
0.2 10 11 0.2
70. 9, 300, 000, 000 = 9.3 109

27 y14 27 14−7 c. The statement is false, since the statement in

106. = y = 9 y7 part a is false.
3 y7 3
18a 7 b17 18 3b16
108. =  a 7 −7 b17 −1 = 1
30a 7 b 30 5 124. ( x −3s )3 = x −3s3 = x −9 s =
x9 s
2 5 2 2 2
110. (3x + x 4 − 2) = (3x5 ) + ( x 4 ) + (−2) 126. a 4m+1  a 4 = a 4m+1+ 4 = a 4m+5
x x x x
3 4
= 6x + 2x −
4
128. (6.785 10−4 )(4.68 1010 ) = 31, 753, 800
x
1  5 x −3   4  20 x −3 130. t =
d
112.   = 
2  7   x  14 x r
93, 000, 000
10 −3−1 t=
 (x =
) 1.86 105
7
10 9.3 107
= x −4 =
7 1.86 105
=
10 9.3 107
= 
7 x4 1.86 105
10 = 5 102
The area is square meters.
7x 4 = 500
It takes the light of the sun 500 seconds to reach
114. (2a3 )3 a −3 + a11a −5 = 23 a33a −3 + a11+(−5) Earth.
= 8a9+( −3) + a 6 Section 5.6 Practice Exercises
= 8a + a
6 6
= 9a 6 8t 3 + 4t 2 8t 3 4t 2
1. = + = 2t + 1
4t 2 4t 2 4t 2
1 1
116. 7 −2 = = Check: 4t 2 (2t + 1) = 4t 2 (2t ) + 4t 2 (1)
2 49
7
= 8t 3 + 4t 2
16 x 6 + 20 x 3 − 12 x 16 x 6 20 x 3 12 x
2. = + −
2 2 2
120. a. 5 −1 =
1 4x 4x 4x 4x2
5 3
1 1 = 4 x 4 + 5x −
−2 x
5 = =
2 25
5  3
1 1 Check: 4 x 2  4 x 4 + 5 x − 
  x
5 25 3
The statement is false. = 4 x 2 (4 x 4 ) + 4 x 2 (5 x ) − 4 x 2  
x
6 3
−1 = 16 x + 20 x − 12 x
1 1−1 5
b. 5 = = =5
  −1 1
5 15 x 4 y 4 − 10 xy + y 15 x 4 y 4 10 xy y
1
−2
5 1−2 2 3. = − +
5 xy 5 xy 5 xy 5 xy
 5  = −2 = 2 = 25
  5 1 1
5  25 = 3 x 3 y3 − 2 +
5x
The statement is true.

 1  7. Rewrite x 2 + 2 as x 2 + 0 x + 2.
Check: 5 xy  3 x 3 y3 − 2 + 
 5 x 3x 2 − 2 x − 9
 1 
= 5 xy(3 x 3 y3 ) − 5 xy(2) + 5 xy   x 2 + 0 x + 2 3x 4 − 2 x3 − 3x 2 + x + 4
 5x 
4 4 3x 4 + 0 x3 + 6 x 2
= 15 x y − 10 xy + y
−2 x 3 − 9 x 2 +x
3 2
x +3 −2 x + 0 x − 4 x
2
4. x + 2 x + 5 x + 6 −9 x 2 + 5 x + 4
2
x + 2x −9 x 2 + 0 x − 18
3x + 6 5 x + 22
3x + 6
3x 4 − 2 x3 − 3x 2 + x + 4 5 x + 22
0 = 3x2 − 2 x − 9 +
2
x +2 x2 + 2
Check: ( x + 2)  ( x + 3) + 0 = x 2 + 5 x + 6
The quotient checks. 8. Rewrite x3 + 27 as x3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x + 27.
2x + 3 x 2 − 3x + 9
2
5. 2 x + 1 4 x + 8 x − 7 x + 3 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x + 27
4x2 + 2x x3 + 3x 2
6x − 7 −3 x 2 + 0 x
6x + 3 −3 x 2 − 9 x
−10 9 x + 27
4 x 2 + 8x − 7 −10 10 9 x + 27
= 2x + 3 + or 2 x + 3 −
2x +1 2x +1 2x +1 0
Check: x3 + 27
2 = x 2 − 3x + 9
(2 x + 1)(2 x + 3) + (−10) = (4 x + 8 x + 3) − 10 x+3
= 4 x 2 + 8x − 7
The quotient checks. Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.6
3
6. Rewrite 11x − 3 + 9 x 3 as 9 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 11x − 3.
1. In 6 18, the 18 is the dividend, the 3 is the
3x2 − 2 x + 5
quotient and the 6 is the divisor.
3 x + 2 9 x + 0 x 2 + 11x − 3
3
9x3 + 6 x2 x+2
2
2
−6 x + 11x 2. In x + 1 x + 3 x + 2, the x + 1 is the divisor, the
−6 x 2 − 4 x
x 2 + 3 x + 2 is the dividend and the x + 2 is the
15 x − 3 quotient.
15 x + 10
−13 a6
3. = a6 − 4 = a2
3 4
11x − 3 + 9 x −13 a
= 3x 2 − 2 x + 5 + or
3x + 2 3x + 2
p8
3x 2 − 2 x + 5 −
13 4. = p8 − 3 = p 5
3x + 2 p3
y2 y2
5. = = y 2 −1 = y
y y1

a3 a3 3x + 2
6. = = a3−1 = a2 16. x + 2 3 x 2 + 8 x + 4
a a1
3x 2 + 6 x
7. the common denominator 2x + 4
2x + 4
8. Filling in missing powers helps you keep like
terms lined up and your work clear and neat. 0
3x 2 + 8x + 4
Exercise Set 5.6 = 3x + 2
x+2
15 x 2 − 9 x 5 15 x 2 9 x 5 3x + 2
2. = − = 15 x − 9 x 4
x x x 18. x − 1 3 x 2
−x−4
3x2 − 3x
8x3 − 4 x 2 + 6 x + 2 8x3 4 x 2 6 x 2
4. = − + + 2x − 4
2 2 2 2 2 2x − 2
= 4 x3 − 2 x 2 + 3x + 1
−2
14m2 − 27m3 14m2 27m3 27m2 3x 2 − x − 4 2

6. = − = 2m − = 3x + 2 −
7m 7m 7m 7 x −1 x −1
6 x 5 + 3x 4 6x5 3x 4 2 x2 + 3x − 4
8. = + = 2x +1
3x 4 3x 4 3x 4 20. 2 x + 3 4 x 3 + 12 x 2 + x − 14
4 x3 + 6 x2
2 2
6 a − 4 a + 12 6a 4a 12 6x2 + x
10. = − +
2 2 2 2
−2 a −2 a−2 a −2 a 6x2 + 9x
2 6
= −3 + − −8 x − 14
a a2 −8 x − 12
−2
−12 a3 + 36 a − 15 −12 a3 36 a 15
12. = + − 4 x 3 + 12 x 2 + x − 14 2
3a 3a 3a 3a = 2 x 2 + 3x − 4 −
5 2x + 3 2x + 3
= −4 a2 + 12 −
a
x+5
2
x+2 22. 3 x + 2 3 x + 17 x + 7
2
14. x + 5 x + 7 x + 10 3x2 + 2 x
2
x + 5x 15 x + 7
2 x + 10 15 x + 10
2 x + 10 −3
0
3 x 2 + 17 x + 7 3
2 = x +5−
x + 7 x + 10 3x + 2 3x + 2
= x+2
x+5

4x2 − x − 5 32. Rewrite −3 y + 2 y 2 − 15 as 2 y 2 − 3 y − 15.

24. x + 3 4 x 3 + 11x 2 − 8 x − 10 y−4
3 2 2
4 x + 12 x 2 y + 5 2 y − 3 y − 15
2
− x − 8x 2 y2 + 5 y
2
− x − 3x −8 y − 15
−5 x − 10 −8 y − 20
−5 x − 15 5
5 −3 y + 2 y2 − 15 5
3 2 = y−4+
4 x + 11x − 8 x − 10 5 2y + 5 2y + 5
= 4x2 − x − 5 +
x +3 x +3
m3 n2 − mn4 m3 n2 mn 4
2 2 34. = − = m 2 n − n3
26. Rewrite a − 49 as a + 0 a − 49. mn mn mn
a+7
2
a − 7 a + 0 a − 49 6w − 2
2
2
a − 7a 36. 3w + 4 18w + 18w − 8
7a − 49 18w2 + 24 w
7a − 49 −6 w − 8
0 −6 w − 8
0
a2 − 49
= a+7
a−7 18w2 + 18w − 8
= 6w − 2
3w + 4
28. Rewrite x 3 + 64 as x 3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x + 64.
x 2 − 4 x + 16 11x 3 y3 − 33 xy + x 2 y2 11x 3 y3 33 xy x 2 y 2
38. = − +
x + 4 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x + 64 11xy 11xy 11xy 11xy
xy
x3 + 4 x2 = x 2 y2 − 3 +
11
−4 x 2 + 0 x
−4 x 2 − 16 x 2x2 − x − 1
16 x + 64 40. x + 2 2 x + 3 x 2 − 3 x + 4
3
16 x + 64
2 x3 + 4 x2
0
− x 2 − 3x
3
x + 64 −x2 − 2x
= x 2 − 4 x + 16
x+4 −x + 4
−x − 2
30. Rewrite 7 − 5x 2 as −5 x 2 + 0 x + 7. 6
−5 x + 15
2 x3 + 3x 2 − 3x + 4 6
x + 3 −5 x 2 + 0 x + 7 = 2 x2 − x − 1 +
x+2 x+2
−5 x 2 − 15 x
15 x + 7
15 x + 45
−38
7 − 5x 2 38
= −5 x + 15 −
x +3 x +3

2x − 5 x 2 − 4 x + 16
2
42. x + 3 2 x + x − 15 52. x − 4 x 3 − 8 x 2 + 32 x − 64
2x2 + 6x x3 − 4 x2
−5 x − 15
−4 x 2 + 32 x
−5 x − 15
−4 x 2 + 16 x
0
16 x − 64
2 x 2 + x − 15 16 x − 64
= 2x − 5
x +3 0
x 3 − 8 x 2 + 32 x − 64
2 x 3 + 12 x 2 + 16 2 x3 12 x 2 16 = x 2 − 4 x + 16
44. = + + x−4
4x2 4x2 4x2 4x2
x 4
= +3+ 54. Rewrite 3 x 3 + 11x + 12 as 3 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 11x + 12.
2 x2
3 x 2 − 12 x + 59
2x + 3 x + 4 3 x 3 + 0 x 2 + 11x + 12
2
46. x − 6 2 x − 9 x + 15 3 x 3 + 12 x 2
2 x 2 − 12 x −12 x 2 + 11x
3 x + 15 −12 x 2 − 48 x
3 x − 18
59 x + 12
33 59 x + 236
2 x 2 − 9 x + 15 33 −224
= 2x + 3 +
x −6 x −6 3 x 3 + 11x + 12 224
= 3 x 2 − 12 x + 59 −
x+4 x+4
x−4
2
48. 4 x + 3 4 x − 13 x − 12
56. Rewrite 3 − 7x 2 as −7 x 2 + 0 x + 3.
4 x 2 + 3x −7 x − 21
−16 x − 12 2
x − 3 −7 x + 0 x + 3
−16 x − 12
−7 x 2 + 21x
0 −21x + 3
4 x 2 − 13 x − 12 −21x + 63
= x−4
4x + 3 −60
3 − 7x2 60
6 2
8y − 3y − 4 y 8y 3y 4y6 2
3y = −7 x − 21 −
50. = − − = 2 y5 − − 1 x −3 x −3
4y 4y 4y 4y 4

58. Rewrite x 6 − x 4 as 74. A = l  w, w =

A
6 5 4 3
x + 0 x − x + 0 x + 0 x + 0 x + 0. 2 l
x3 − x −1 49 x 2 + 70 x − 200
w=
7 x + 20
x3 + 1 x6 + 0 x5 − x 4 + 0 x3 + 0 x 2 + 0 x + 0
7 x − 10
x6 + x3 2
7 x + 20 49 x + 70 x − 200
− x 4 − x3 + 0 x2 + 0 x 49 x 2 + 140 x
4
−x −x −70 x − 200
−x + 0x 3 2
+ x+0 −70 x − 200
−x 3
−1 0
x +1 The width is (7x − 10) inches.
x6 − x4 x +1 25 y11b + 5 y 6b − 20 y3b + 100 y b

= x3 − x − 1 + 76.
3 3
x +1 x +1 5 yb
25 y11b 5 y6b 20 y3b 100 y b
60. −4a(3a2 − 4) = −4a(3a2 ) − 4a(−4) = + − +
5 yb 5 yb 5 yb 5 yb
= −12a3 + 16a
= 5 y10 b + y 5b − 4 y 2b + 20
2 2
62. 4 y( y − 8 y − 4) = 4 y( y ) + 4 y( −8 y) + 4 y( −4)
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Check
= 4 y3 − 32 y 2 − 16 y
1. A term is a number or the product of numbers
64. −9 xy(4 xyz + 7 xy2 z + 2) and variables raised to powers.
= −9 xy(4 xyz) − 9 xy(7 xy2 z) − 9 xy(2) 2. The FOIL method may be used when
= −36 x 2 y2 z − 63 x 2 y3 z − 18 xy multiplying two binomials.
66. −7sr (6s 2 r + 9sr 2 + 9rs + 8) 3. A polynomial with exactly three terms is called a
2 2
trinomial.
= −7sr (6s r ) − 7sr (9sr ) − 7sr (9rs) − 7sr (8)
= −42s3r 2 − 63s 2 r 3 − 63s 2 r 2 − 56sr 4. The degree of polynomial is the greatest degree
of any term of the polynomial.
V
68. V = l  w  h, =l 5. A polynomial with exactly two terms is called a
wh binomial.
36 x 5 − 12 x 3 + 6 x 2 36 x 5 − 12 x 3 + 6 x 2
= 6. The coefficient of a term is its numerical factor.
2 x (3 x ) 6x2
36 x 5 12 x 3 6x2 7. The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents
= − +
6x2 6x2 6x2 on the variables in the term.
= 6 x3 − 2 x + 1 8. A polynomial with exactly one term is called a
The length is (6 x 3 − 2 x + 1) feet. monomial.
5 x + 15 5 x 15 9. Monomials, binomials, and trinomials are all

70. = + = x + 3; choice b examples of polynomials.
5 5 5
10. The distributive property is used to multiply
2x(x − 4).

Chapter 5 Review a5 b 4
21. = a5−1b4 −1 = a4 b3
ab
1. In 79 , the base is 7 and the exponent is 9.
x 4 y6
2. In (−5)4 , the base is −5 and the exponent is 4. 22. = x 4 −1 y6 −1 = x 3 y 5
xy
3. In −54 , the base is 5 and the exponent is 4.
3 x 4 y10 1 4−1 10−6 x3 y 4
23. = x y =
4. In x 6 , the base is x and the exponent is 6. 12 xy 6 4 4
5. 83 = 8  8  8 = 512 2 x 7 y8 2 7−1 8−2 x 6 y 6

24. = x y =
8 xy 2 8 4
2
6. (−6) = (−6)(−6) = 36
25. 5a 7 (2a 4 )3 = 5a 7 (23 )(a 4 )3
2
7. −6 = −6  6 = −36 = (5  8)(a 7  a12 )
= 40 a19
8. −43 − 40 = −64 − 1 = −65
26. (2 x )2 (9 x ) = (22  x 2 )(9 x )
9. (3b)0 = 1
= (4  9)( x 2  x )
8b = 36 x 3
10. =1
8b
27. (−5a)0 + 70 + 80 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
11. y 2  y 7 = y 2 + 7 = y 9
28. 8 x 0 + 90 = 8(1) + 1 = 9
12. x 9  x 5 = x 9+5 = x14
3
 3x 4  33 x 43 27 x12
13. (2 x 5 )(−3 x 6 ) = (2  −3)( x 5  x 6 ) = −6 x11 29.   = 3 3 = , choice b.
 4y  4 y 64 y3
 
14. (−5 y3 )(4 y 4 ) = (−5  4)( y3  y 4 ) = −20 y 7 2
 5a 6  52 a62 25a12
30.   = 32 = , choice c.
15. ( x 4 )2 = x 42 = x 8  b3  b b6
 
16. ( y3 )5 = y35 = y15 31. The degree of −5x 4 y3 is 4 + 3 = 7.
17. (3 y 6 ) 4 = 34 ( y 6 ) 4 = 81y24 32. The degree of 10x 3 y 2 z is 3 + 2 + 1 = 6.
18. (2 x 3 )3 = 23 ( x 3 )3 = 8 x 9 33. The degree of 35a5bc2 is 5 + 1 + 2 = 8.
x9 34. The degree of 95xyz is 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.

19. = x 9− 4 = x 5
x4
35. The degree is 5 because y 5 is the term with the
highest degree.
z12
20. = z12 −5 = z 7
5
z 36. The degree is 2 because 9y2 is the term with the
highest degree.

37. The degree is 5 because −28x 2 y3 is the term with the highest degree.
38. The degree is 6 because 6x 2 y 2 z 2 is the term with the highest degree.
39. −16t 2 + 4000 = −16(0)2 + 4000

= 0 + 4000
= 4000
−16t 2 + 4000 = −16(1)2 + 4000
= −16 + 4000
= 3984
−16t 2 + 4000 = −16(3)2 + 4000
= −144 + 4000
= 3856
−16t 2 + 4000 = −16(5)2 + 4000
= −400 + 4000
= 3600
t 0 seconds 1 second 3 seconds 5 seconds
−16t 2 + 4000 4000 feet 3984 feet 3856 feet 3600 feet
40. 2 x 2 + 20 x
x = 1: 2(1)2 + 20(1) = 22
x = 3: 2(3)2 + 20(3) = 78
x = 5.1: 2(5.1)2 + 20(5.1) = 154.02
x = 10: 2(10)2 + 20(10) = 400
x 1 3 5.1 10
2 x 2 + 20 x 22 78 154.02 400
41. 7a2 − 4a2 − a2 = (7 − 4 − 1)a2 = 2a2
42. 9y + y − 14y = (9 + 1 − 14)y = −4y
43. 6a2 + 4a + 9a2 = (6 + 9)a2 + 4a = 15a2 + 4a
44. 21x 2 + 3 x + x 2 + 6 = (21 + 1) x 2 + 3 x + 6

= 22 x 2 + 3 x + 6
45. 4 a2 b − 3b2 − 8q 2 − 10 a2 b + 7q 2 = (4 a2 b − 10 a2 b) − 3b2 + (−8q 2 + 7q 2 )

= −6 a2 b − 3b2 − q 2
46. 2s14 + 3s13 + 12s12 − s10 cannot be combined.

47. (3 x 2 + 2 x + 6) + (5 x 2 + x ) 60. (6b3 − 4b + 2)(7b) = 6b3 (7b) − 4b(7b) + 2(7b)

= 3x2 + 2 x + 6 + 5x 2 + x = 42b4 − 28b2 + 14b
= 8x 2 + 3x + 6
61. (2 x + 2)( x − 7) = 2 x 2 − 14 x + 2 x − 14
48. (2 x 5 + 3 x 4 + 4 x 3 + 5 x 2 ) + (4 x 2 + 7 x + 6) = 2 x 2 − 12 x − 14
= 2 x 5 + 3x 4 + 4 x3 + 5x 2 + 4 x 2 + 7 x + 6
62. (2 x − 5)(3 x + 2) = 6 x 2 + 4 x − 15 x − 10
= 2 x 5 + 3x 4 + 4 x3 + 9 x 2 + 7 x + 6
= 6 x 2 − 11x − 10
49. (−5 y2 + 3) − (2 y2 + 4) = −5 y2 + 3 − 2 y2 − 4
63. ( x − 9)2 = ( x − 9)( x − 9)
= −7 y2 − 1
= x 2 − 9 x − 9 x + 81
50. (3 x 2 − 7 xy + 7 y 2 ) − (4 x 2 − xy + 9 y 2 ) = x 2 − 18 x + 81
= 3 x 2 − 7 xy + 7 y 2 − 4 x 2 + xy − 9 y 2
64. ( x − 12)2 = ( x − 12)( x − 12)
= − x 2 − 6 xy − 2 y 2
= x 2 − 12 x − 12 x + 144
51. (−9 x 2 + 6 x + 2) + (4 x 2 − x − 1) = x 2 − 24 x + 144
= −9 x 2 + 6 x + 2 + 4 x 2 − x − 1
65. (4a − 1)(a + 7) = 4a2 + 28a − a − 7
= −9 x + 4 x + 6 x − x + 2 − 1
2 2
= 4a2 + 27a − 7
= −5 x + 5 x + 1
2
66. (6a − 1)(7a + 3) = 42a2 + 18a − 7a − 3

52. (8 x 6 − 5 xy − 10 y 2 ) − (7 x 6 − 9 xy − 12 y 2 )
= 42a2 + 11a − 3
= 8 x 6 − 5 xy − 10 y 2 − 7 x 6 + 9 xy + 12 y 2
= 8 x 6 − 7 x 6 − 5 xy + 9 xy − 10 y 2 + 12 y 2 67. (5 x + 2)2 = (5 x + 2)(5 x + 2)
= x + 4 xy + 2 y = 25 x 2 + 10 x + 10 x + 4
6 2
= 25 x 2 + 20 x + 4
53. (7 x − 14 y) − (3 x − y) = 7 x − 14 y − 3 x + y
= 4 x − 13 y
68. (3 x + 5)2 = (3 x + 5)(3 x + 5)
= 9 x 2 + 15 x + 15 x + 25
54. [( x 2 + 7 x + 9) + ( x 2 + 4)] − (4 x 2 + 8 x − 7)
= 9 x 2 + 30 x + 25
= x 2 + 7 x + 9 + x 2 + 4 − 4 x 2 − 8x + 7
= −2 x 2 − x + 20 69. ( x + 7)( x 3 + 4 x − 5)
55. 4(2a + 7) = 4(2a) + 4(7) = 8a + 28 = x ( x 3 + 4 x − 5) + 7( x 3 + 4 x − 5)
= x 4 + 4 x 2 − 5 x + 7 x 3 + 28 x − 35
56. 9(6a − 3) = 9(6a) − 9(3) = 54a − 27
= x 4 + 7 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 23 x − 35
57. −7 x ( x 2 + 5) = −7( x 2 ) − 7 x (5) = −7 x 3 − 35 x
70. ( x + 2)( x 5 + x + 1) = x ( x 5 + x + 1) + 2( x 5 + x + 1)
58. −8 y(4 y2 − 6) = −8 y(4 y 2 ) − 8 y( −6) = x6 + x2 + x + 2x5 + 2x + 2

= −32 y3 + 48 y = x 6 + 2 x 5 + x 2 + 3x + 2
59. (3a3 − 4a + 1)(−2a)

= 3a3 (−2a) − 4a(−2a) + 1(−2 a)
= −6a4 + 8a2 − 2a

71. ( x 2 + 2 x + 4)( x 2 + 2 x − 4) 81. (7 x + 4)(7 x − 4) = (7 x )2 − 42 = 49 x 2 − 16

= x 2 ( x 2 + 2 x − 4) + 2 x ( x 2 + 2 x − 4)
+ 4( x 2 + 2 x − 4) 82. (a + 2b)(a − 2b) = a2 − (2b)2 = a2 − 4b2
= x 4 + 2 x3 − 4 x 2 + 2 x3 + 4 x 2 − 8x
83. (2 x − 6)(2 x + 6) = (2 x)2 − 62 = 4 x 2 − 36
+ 4 x 2 + 8 x − 16
= x 4 + 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 16 84. (4a2 − 2b)(4a2 + 2b) = (4 a2 )2 − (2b)2
= 16a4 − 4b2
72. ( x 3 + 4 x + 4)( x 3 + 4 x − 4)
= x 3 ( x 3 + 4 x − 4) + 4 x ( x 3 + 4 x − 4) 85. (3 x − 1)2 = (3 x)2 − 2(3 x)(1) + 12
3
+ 4( x + 4 x − 4) = 9x2 − 6x + 1
6 4 3 4 2 3
= x + 4 x − 4 x + 4 x + 16 x − 16 x + 4 x The area is (9 x 2 − 6 x + 1) square meters.
+ 16 x − 16
= x 6 + 8 x 4 + 16 x 2 − 16 86. (5 x + 2)( x − 1) = 5 x 2 − 5 x + 2 x − 2
= 5x 2 − 3x − 2
73. ( x + 7)3 = ( x + 7)( x + 7)( x + 7)
The area is (5 x 2 − 3 x − 2) square miles.
= ( x 2 + 7 x + 7 x + 49)( x + 7)
= ( x 2 + 14 x + 49)( x + 7) 1 1
2 2 87. 7−2 = =
= ( x + 14 x + 49) x + ( x + 14 x + 49)7 7 2 49
3 2 2
= x + 14 x + 49 x + 7 x + 98 x + 343
= x 3 + 21x 2 + 147 x + 343 1 1
88. −7−2 = − =−
2 49
7
3
74. (2 x − 5)
= (2 x − 5)(2 x − 5)(2 x − 5) 2
89. 2x −4 =
= (4 x 2 − 10 x − 10 x + 25)(2 x − 5) x4
= (4 x 2 − 20 x + 25)(2 x − 5) 1 1
= (4 x 2 − 20 x + 25)(2 x ) + (4 x 2 − 20 x + 25)(−5) 90. (2 x )−4 = =
4
(2 x ) 16 x 4
= 8 x 3 − 40 x 2 + 50 x − 20 x 2 + 100 x − 125
= 8 x 3 − 60 x 2 + 150 x − 125 1
−3
1−3 53
91.   = = = 125
2 2 2 2 5 5−3 13
75. ( x + 7) = x + 2( x )(7) + 7 = x + 14 x + 49
−2
 −2  (−2)−2 32 9
76. ( x − 5)2 = x 2 − 2( x )(5) + 52 = x 2 − 10 x + 25 92.   = = =
 3  −2 2 4
3 (−2)
2 2 2
77. (3 x − 7) = (3 x ) − 2(3 x )(7) + 7
1 16 1 17
= 9 x 2 − 42 x + 49 93. 20 + 2 −4 = 1 + = + =
4 16 16 16
2
2 2 2
78. (4 x + 2) = (4 x) + 2(4 x)(2) + 2
1 1 7 6 1
= 16 x 2 + 16 x + 4 94. 6 −1 − 7−1 = − = − =
6 7 42 42 42
79. (5 x − 9)2 = (5 x)2 − 2(5 x)(9) + 92

x5
= 25 x 2 − 90 x + 81 95. = x 5−( −3) = x 8
−3
x
80. (5 x + 1)(5 x − 1) = (5 x )2 − 12 = 25 x 2 − 1

z4 108. 0.8868 = 8.868  10 −1

96. = z 4 −( −4) = z8
z −4
109. 80,800, 000 = 8.08  10 7
r −3
97. = r −3−( −4) = r 110. 868, 000 = 8.68  10 5
r −4
111. 2, 500, 000, 000 = 2.5  10 9

y −2 −2 −( −5) 3
98. =y =y
y −5
112. 150, 000 = 1.5  10 5
4
 bc −2  b 4 c −8 113. 8.67  10 5 = 867, 000
99.   = 4 −12 = b 4 − 4 c −8−( −12) = c 4
 bc −3  b c
 
114. 3.86  10 −3 = 0.00386
−3
 x −3 y −4  x 9 y12
100.   = 115. 8.6  10 −4 = 0.00086
 x −2 y −5  6 15
x y
 
= x 9−6 y12 −15 116. 8.936  10 5 = 893, 600
= x 3 y −3
117. 1.43128  1015 = 1, 431, 280, 000, 000, 000
x3
=
y3
118. 1  10 −10 = 0.0000000001
x −4 y −6 119. (8  10 4 )(2  10 −7 ) = (8  2)  (10 4  10 −7 )

101. = x −4 −2 y −6 − 7
x 2 y7 = 16  10 −3
= x −6 y −13 = 0.016
1
=
6 13 8  10 4 8
x y 120. =  10 4 −( −7)
−7 2
2  10
5 −5
a b 5−( −5) −5−5 10 −10 a10 = 4  1011
102. =a b =a b = = 400, 000, 000, 000
a −5b5 b10
103. a6 m a5m = a6 m +5m = a11m x 2 + 21x + 49 x2 21x 49

121. = + +
2 2 2
7x 7x 7x 7x2
5+ h 3 3(5+ h ) 1 3 7
(x ) x = + +
104. =
x 5
x5 7 x x2
15+ 3h
x
= 5a3b − 15ab2 + 20 ab 5a3b 15ab2 20 ab
x5 122. = − +
= x15+3h −5 −5ab −5ab −5ab −5ab
= − a2 + 3b − 4
= x10 +3h
105. (3 xy2 z )3 = 33 x 3 y 2 z (3) = 27 x 3 y6 z
106. am +2 am +3 = a(m +2)+( m +3) = a2 m +5
107. 0.00027 = 2.7  10 −4

a +1 2 x3 − x2 + 2
2
123. a − 2 a −a+4 127. 2 x − 1 4 x 4 − 4 x 3 + x 2 + 4 x − 3
a2 − 2 a 4 x 4 − 2 x3
a+4
−2 x 3 + x 2
a−2
−2 x 3 + x 2
6
4x − 3
2 6
(a − a + 4)  (a − 2) = a + 1 + 4x − 2
a−2
−1
4x 4 x 4 − 4 x3 + x2 + 4 x − 3 1
2 = 2 x3 − x2 + 2 −
124. x + 5 4 x + 20 x + 7 2x −1 2x −1
4 x 2 + 20 x
7 128. Rewrite −10 x 2 − x 3 − 21x + 18 as
2 7 − x 3 − 10 x 2 − 21x + 18.
(4 x + 20 x + 7)  ( x + 5) = 4 x +
x+5 − x 2 − 16 x − 117
x − 6 − x 3 − 10 x 2 − 21x + 18
a 2 + 3a + 8 − x3 + 6 x2
125. a − 2 a3 + a2 + 2a + 6
3 2
−16 x 2 − 21x
a − 2a
−16 x 2 + 96 x
3a 2 + 2 a
−117 x + 18
3a 2 − 6 a −117 x + 702
8a + 6 −684
8a − 16
−10 x 2 − x 3 − 21x + 18 684
22 = − x 2 − 16 x − 117 −
x −6 x −6
a3 + a 2 + 2 a + 6 22
= a2 + 3a + 8 +
a−2 a−2 15 x 3 − 3 x 2 + 60 15 x 3 3x 2 60
129. = − +
2 2 2
3x 3x 3x 3x 2
3b2 − 4b 20
= 5x − 1 +
126. 3b − 2 9b3 − 18b2 + 8b − 1 x2
9b 3 − 6 b 2  20 
The width is  5 x − 1 +  feet.
2
−12b + 8b  x2 
−12b2 + 8b
−1 21a3 b6 + 3a − 3 21a3 b6 3a 3
130. = + −
3 3 3 3
9b3 − 18b2 + 8b − 1 1
= 3b2 − 4b − = 7 a3 b 6 + a − 1
3b − 2 3b − 2
The length of a side is (7a3b6 + a − 1) units.
3
 1  1  1  1  1
131.  −  =  −  −  −  = −
 2   2  2  2  8
132. (4 xy2 )( x 3 y5 ) = 4( x  x 3 )( y2  y5 )
= 4 x1+3 y2 + 5
= 4 x 4 y7

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BEGINNING ALGEBRA 7TH EDITION

Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-beginning-algebra-7th-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-

d. −82 = −(8  8) = −64 c. z  z 4 = z1  z 4 = z1+ 4 = z 5

f. (0.3)4 = (0.3)(0.3)(0.3)(0.3) = 0.0081 f. b3  t 5 , cannot be simplified because b and t

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 215

b. (49 )2 = 492 = 418

c. [(−2)3 ]5 = (−2)35 = (−2)15

d. (−3a3b4 c)4 = (−3)4  (a3 )4  (b4 )4  c 4

216 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

q5 Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.1

b. (−3)0 = 1 4. To simplify ( x 3 )6 , keep the base and multiply

b. ( z 0 )6 + (40 )5 = 16 + 15 = 1 + 1 = 2 10. Remember to raise the −2 (or any number) to the

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 217

10. (−3)2 = (−3)(−3) = 9 52. (a4 b)7 = a47 b17 = a28b7

14. (−4)3 = (−4)(−4)(−4) = −64 q

26. 4 x 2 = 4(−1)2 = 4(−1)(−1) = 4

28. −4 x 2 y3 = −4(2)2 (−1)3 =   42 x 2  5 x 3

40. (−7a3b3 )(7a19 b) = −7(7)a3+19 b3+1 = −49a22 b 4 9a 4 b 7 9 4 −1 7−2 1 3 5 a3 b5

46. ( y 7 )5 = y 75 = y35 78. −2 x 0 = −2(1) = −2

218 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

122. −3(w + 7) + 5(w + 1) = −3w − 21 + 5w + 5

132. S = 6 x 2 = 6(5)2 = 6(25) = 150

140. b9a b4 a = b9a + 4a = b13a

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 219

12 5. To find each height, we evaluate the polynomial

1. a. The exponent on y is 3, so the degree of 5y 3 6. a. −4y + 2y = (−4 + 2)y = −2y

c. The constant, 8, can be written as 8x0 d. 7a 2 − 5 − 3a 2 − 7 = 7a 2 − 3a 2 − 5 − 7

220 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. (−3x3 + 7 x 2 + 3x − 4) + (3 x 2 − 9 x) Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 5.2

11. 5 z 3 + 3 z 2 + 4 z 3. A trinomial is a polynomial with exactly three

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 221

14. a. 2x − 10 = 2(0) − 10 = 0 − 10 = −10 2 4 1

24. Use x = 2010 − 2006 = 4. 44. (5 x 2 + 4) − (7 x 2 − 6) = (5 x 2 + 4) + (−7 x 2 + 6)

222 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

50. (−7 x 2 + 4 x + 7) − (−8 x + 2) 68. (−m2 + 3) − (m2 − 13) + (6m2 − m + 1)

62. (14 y + 12) + (−3 y − 5) = 14 y + 12 − 3 y − 5 82. (7a 2 − 3b 2 + 10) − (−2a 2 + b 2 − 12)

= 6 x + 31 88. 1.85 x 2 − 3.76 x + 9.25 x 2 + 10.76 − 4.21x

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 223

90. [(1.2 x 2 − 3x + 9.1) − (7.8 x 2 − 3.1 + 8)] + (1.2 x − 6) b. 5 y  y = 5  y1  y1 = 5  y1+1 = 5 y 2

answers may vary

102. (13x − 7) − (2 x + 2) = 13x − 7 − 2 x − 2 120. Since 3 + 7 = 10 and −2 − 1 = −3,

106. answers may vary  1  7   1 7  7

224 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Multiply each term of the first binomial by each 11. 5x2 + 2 x − 2

= s3 + 4s 2t + 4st 2 + 2s 2t + 8st 2 + 8t 3 4. (−5.2 x 4 )(3x 4 ) = (−5.2  3)( x 4  x 4 ) = −15.6 x8

12. −3a(2a + 7) = −3a(2a) + (−3a)(7) = −6a 2 − 21a

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 225

18. − x(6 y 3 − 5 xy 2 + x 2 y − 5 x3 ) = − x(6 y 3 ) + (− x)(−5 xy 2 ) + (− x)( x 2 y) + (− x)(−5 x3 )

22. ( x + 2)( x + 9) = x( x) + x(9) + 2( x) + 2(9)

24. ( y − 10)( y + 11) = y( y) + y(11) + (−10)( y) + (−10)(11)

28. (5 x 2 + 2)(6 x 2 + 2) = (5 x 2 )(6 x 2 ) + 5 x 2 (2) + 2(6 x 2 ) + 2(2)

30. (6 x − 7)2 = (6 x − 7)(6 x − 7)

32. (8 x − 3)(2 x − 4) = 8 x(2 x) + 8 x(−4) + (−3)(2 x) + (−3)(−4)

34. ( x 2 + 4)2 = ( x 2 + 4)( x 2 + 4)

226 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

36. a. 9 x 2 (−10 x 2 ) = 9(−10)( x 2  x 2 ) = −90 x 4

c. answers may vary

38. ( x + 3)( x 2 + 5 x − 8) = x( x 2 ) + x(5 x) + x(−8) + 3( x 2 ) + 3(5 x) + 3(−8)