International Journal of Discoveries and

Innovations in Applied Sciences

| e-ISSN: 2792-3983 | www.openaccessjournals.eu | Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Theory: Department and Principles of Linguistics

Dilnoza Nazarova
Student of Uz SWLU

Ismailov T. S
Supervisor

Abstract:
This article provides information about linguistics, its departments and principles. It is about the
theory of linguistics (linguistics). The article provides a comprehensive understanding of the
analysis of the unique nature of language, the connection between language and society, and the
distinction between language and speech relations.
Key words: Linguistics, theory, phonetics, principle, lexicology, linguistics, skill, term.

The field of linguistics studies language in its entirety. One of the theoretical subfields of
linguistics, theoretical linguistics studies the interaction between a language's grammar and
semantics. The fields of phonology and morphology, which investigate language using abstract
sounds, as well as syntax, which describes how words should be combined to form phrases and
sentences, are all included in the study of grammar. The primary goal of applied linguistics is to put
linguistics theory into practice. The study of applied linguistics includes teaching and learning
foreign languages. It is a science that examines the social nature, purpose, internal structure,
classification, usage guidelines for various languages, and historical development of language.
There are various directions (fields) of linguistics, each with a distinct task and goal: general
linguistics studies language as a phenomenon that is characteristic of people generally, with its
main objective being to identify and illuminate the most fundamental traits of the languages of the
world; private linguistics studies particular traits of a language; applied linguistics develops
methods for resolving practical problems; and applied linguistics is a field that studies the
application of linguistics to solve problems. Studies of language features connected to speaker
activity in society are also done in the fields of paralinguistics, ethnolinguistics, psycholinguistics,
and sociolinguistics. These comprise structural linguistics, mathematical linguistics, comparative-
historical linguistics, and structural linguistics.
Linguistics is divided into the following departments:
1. Speech sounds, syllables, and accents are discussed in phonetics.
2. Orthoepia is the section on literary language pronunciation rules.
3. Orthography is the study of proper writing or spelling conventions. It teaches the relationship
between letters, sounds, and graphics as well as the alphabet and various forms of writing.
4. Lexicology is the study of words, their dictionary definitions, the ways in which those
definitions have evolved, and the various word types that correspond to the relationship
between form and meaning.
5. The study of phrases (phraseologisms) is known as phraseology.
6. Word formation: The section on word formation strategies.
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 International Journal of Discoveries and
Innovations in Applied Sciences
| e-ISSN: 2792-3983 | www.openaccessjournals.eu | Volume: 3 Issue: 3
7. The section on a word's origin and formation history is called the etymology. It examines how
grammar and language are internally constructed. The two components of grammar are
morphology and syntax.
8. Morphology section: word groups, grammatical meaning, and grammatical form.
9. The topic of morphemics, which can be thought of as a separate branch of morphology, is a
morpheme, or a meaningful component of a word.
10. Syntaxis- section describing word combinations, sentence types, and syntax.
11. Punctuation discovers how to use punctuation.
Linguistics' main interests and goals:
 language can only develop in human societies. Without the use of language, it is impossible to
comprehend and study any reality or phenomenon, the place of man in nature and society, or
the mechanisms underlying social development;
 language science, also referred to as linguistics or language knowledge, is a distinct field of
linguistics that uses scientific methods to look into the laws and procedures governing the
historical development of language. The study of linguistics includes both specialized and
general linguistics;
 specific (special) linguistics carefully examines the vocabulary and phonetics of the language,
producing a scientific grammar. It also carefully considers the history of the language and its
connections to other tongues;
General linguistics investigates the origins of language, its social underpinnings, its function and
role in society, the course of language development, the relationship between language and thought,
the interaction of language, and develops methods for linguistics verification. A group of linguistics
and related linguistics, which includes general linguistics, summarizes the linguistic phenomena
and evidence of language discovered as a result of the study and examination of some linguistics,
draws scientific conclusions, and, on the basis of these conclusions, defines the laws of language.
Linguistics appears to be a separate field of study for spoken and written language. At first,
linguistics was a science with significant applications, but it is now only a theoretical discipline.
The 20th century came to an end, and humanity began the third millennium. Across all facets of
social life, humanity has advanced significantly. With his intellect and labor, Adamzod produced
numerous innovations. A significant position among spiritual wealth is held by the knowledge
acquired in the study of linguistics. Great linguists have existed throughout history. Their opinions
on their nation's and their people's language were discussed. When ideas that seem to be a flag
guiding the populace toward lofty ideals are transformed into the ideology of a particular era,
linguistics knowledge is crucial. will provide.
In short, linguistics is the most important way to study language. In studying the tasks, spiritual
units, and functions of the language, it is necessary to study the basics of linguistics in depth. The
mirror of the nation is its language.
Resources used:
1. https://elib.buxdu.uz/index.php/pages
2. https://n.ziyouz.com/books
3. Jamotxonov H.A. Modern Uzbek literary language. -Т., 2004. (1, 2-parts)
4. https://jdpu.uz/wp-content/uploads/2020/01
Published under an exclusive license by open access journals under Volume: 3 Issue: 3 in Mar-2023
Copyright (c) 2023 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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 International Journal of Discoveries and
Innovations in Applied Sciences
| e-ISSN: 2792-3983 | www.openaccessjournals.eu | Volume: 3 Issue: 3
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Published under an exclusive license by open access journals under Volume: 3 Issue: 3 in Mar-2023
Copyright (c) 2023 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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