Student Book answers P12 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a DEABC 1
1bi microwaves 1
1 b ii gamma rays 1
1 b iii infrared waves 1
2ai speed = wavelength × frequency 1
2 a ii 300 000 000 m/s 1
2.9 m
= 103 MHz 1
2b amplitude gradually reduced as radio waves absorbed by air as they 1
travel away from transmitter
at a certain distance, amplitude just large enough for radio signal to be 1
detected
reducing power of transmitter reduces amplitude and so range is 1
reduced
3ai any two from: 2 Accept any other valid statements.
 infrared radiation has a shorter wavelength (or greater
frequency) than radio waves
 infrared radiation is absorbed by the skin whereas radio waves
can penetrate beneath the skin
 infrared radiation is given out by every object and radio waves
are not
3 a ii any one from: 1 Accept any other valid statement.
 both travel at the same speed through a vacuum (or through
space)
 both are non-ionising forms of radiation

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 Student Book answers P12 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
3bi infrared radiation is partly absorbed by any surface, so it heats the wet 1
paint on the surface of the panels and dries the paint
3 b ii microwaves would be absorbed completely by the metal and would 1
heat the metal first instead of the paint
It would be uneconomic to heat the metal first 1
(or the microwave transmitted might be overloaded as a result of
supplying too much power)
3c the optical fibre absorbs energy from both types of electromagnetic 1
radiation passing through it,
and this absorption reduces the amplitude of the waves which makes 1
the signal weaker
the further the waves travel along the fibre, the greater the energy 1
absorbed from them so the more their amplitude is reduced and the
weaker the signal becomes
4ai bone absorbs X-rays whereas surrounding tissue does not 1
X-rays pass through tissue and darken film when they reach it 1
 bones appear on film as lighter than surrounding area 1
4 a ii X-rays pass through fracture but not through bones so fracture appears 1
darker than the bone
4bi barium absorbs X-rays, 1
so barium in stomach prevents X-rays reaching the X-ray film 1
image of stomach on X-ray appears lighter than area surrounding it, so 1
easier to make a diagnosis

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 Student Book answers P12 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
4 b ii stomach movements would blur the image if the exposure time was as 2
long as for a limb
4 b iii X-rays ionise substances they pass through 1
exposure to ionising reduced by stopping low-energy X-rays reaching 1
patient
5a process of creating ions, which are charged atoms or groups of atoms 1
5b X-rays, gamma rays 1
5c can damage or kill living cells 1
cause cell mutation and cancerous growth 1
6a when ultraviolet radiation is directed at invisible ink writing, 1
UV radiation is absorbed by atoms in the ink 1
which then emit visible light so the writing becomes visible 1
6b the further infrared radiation travels through air, the more it is 1
absorbed by air molecules
so a beam of infrared radiation would be too weak to detect after more 1
than a few metres

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