General Anatomy

P R EP A R ED B Y
DR .ZA HO O R A L A M
 The term Anatomy “anatomē” derives from a Greek word that
means “to cut up”. In the past, the word anatomize was more
commonly used than the word dissect.
 General Anatomy

Human Anatomy studies the shape and structure of the human body,
its origin, regularities of development in relation to its function and
external environment.
General Anatomy

 The main aim of the human anatomy is, the description of the
shape, of the macro-microscopic structure, topography of the
organs related to the individual, sexual, constitutional specific
features of the human organism, taking into consideration the
of development.
 TERMS RELATED TO POSITION

 Anatomical
position
• Trunk erect
• Arms at side
• Palms forward
• Legs Straight
SUPINE AND PRONE POSITION
LITHOTOMY POSITION
PLANES
 Sagittal Plane

 Divides the body into left and right

 Passes from front to back
 Frontal Plane

 Divides the body into front and back

 Passes from side to side
 Transverse Plane

 Divides body into top and bottom

 Passes perpendicular
to the long axis
of the body
 Anatomical Direction

Superior Higher than another structure

Inferior Lower than another structure

Anterior In front of another structure

Posterior Behind another structure

Superficial Nearer to the surface
Deep Farther from the surface
 Anatomical Direction

•Medial Closer to the long axis of the

body

•Lateral Farther from the long axis of

the body

Structure closer to the

•Proximal beginning of the extremity

•Distal Structure farther from the

beginning of the extremity
• Ipsilateral same side of body
• Contralateral opposite side of body
 Movements
•Flexion Decrease in the angle of a
joint

•Extension Increase in the angle of a

joint

•Abduction Movement away from the

midline of the body

•Adduction Movement toward the

midline of the body

Circumduction Combination of Abduction, Adduction and

Rotation
TERMS RELATED TO MOVEMENT
 Movements

Dorsiflexion Flexion of the foot at the ankle

Plantar Flexion Extension of the foot at the ankle

Inversion Sole of the foot turned inward

Eversion Sole of the foot turned outward

 Movements

•Supination Palms
upward

•Pronation Palms
downward

•Rotation Pivot motion about the long axis

of the body