ONIT-5 fod sat o

SMALL SIGNAL -LOL FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR

AHPLIFIER MoDeLS so
,mall iqral Hodel of BIT
St ied to analyse the BJT n Small 9ignal model

Analy sis dBT

Srmall Siaral model of eyT Laxge Signalmadel ofe
9t ip used to Analuse the 3 t ipused to analijse hia
Duo mediumequentutoe eaueny Siqnåls n
Signal.t so S3ia 96 s t o r d:
tip Arnalysed using
St ip Analysed wsing tHubid o i Tmodel sl8
model H-Paametey model
TT- model
Tnodessde
T-model
,H-PaHa meteust-
h+ha
3, ha+ha2
Torrod mrok
atN=0 h(rdpedence, uth oe, i Shert
d
Aiol ro
(toruoad tuLHert qain with
olp ip shove avnit.

hy Tevcue Voltage dain ath P

open úvuwt.
h at T, -0 h (admtlance oith ilp ip *
tiwt
 i he ilp impedence h p ip short -reurted.
ov atvansistov ib denoted
by h itp unip asue

ohmp
h iha
.
pdhe revense
2 ibhe Voltage qain toilh i/pip open crua.

ha Jov a transisto ip denoted bq h4hee ip no

unitp Jor t
haip gain oth op ip Short
the fonuoardtusrent

ciruited. ha1 tov atyanusístov íp deroted byh

ithas ne unitp u of
o 0etov 933au
ha2 ofpastdaitence aditlanceotth 1lp is
ib the
hansístor íp denofed by ho
open ruit. h ov a
iHpunitp p mho (u).
8.H-Parameter or a t fquivalent tov atransistor:

hv,
930for

h1, 4hyvteieo ga

h-paHameteus asHe

hpplying KIL to loop

- N+ h1+hyV =0 e I A )i n d s

= ht, h2
APPying cL to
loop
T T+hT
 ho
h , +h
,enexalised Analysis otyansistov Amplifie
-pastametel Model estonsh drofeeoyh ro r
Transistov
Netdork ith
Pvope basina

To om a transistoy amplitie t ip neces5ay to Conn

1gboiuora
a lond sesistov and ot, fhe op4 Sousce vodtage at h

p along Loth propet tvansistoy biabing

Rs h
M

oor

rom he above trurt , we need to calauate Cuwwer

Gain(AT), Sp Resistarnce (R;), olp aditonte
olp Resistante (R,), 1oltage Gain ( Av) , iotage Gainum
SouMce Nojtage p taken nts acout
(AuS) ue
unin oth Sowce HeSistance i taken (nts Acount (Ass)i
Csent qain CAT) :
St ip the oolp u
vatio
to ]p usdtent.
LghtB+h
Ag- a,w hyT+hk
 -ChT+hoVa) h ho
62
érauit
P h+ 9,hof:from
Pg-Chp4(LR) i
Ay-Chy ho ) Ey
AT-Chp hoRz A)o is ph

+hoR Aph (da

Ap
AC1+hoR)h
Ar h
+hoRL
Uo 31p Resistance 44 ip the yako o 9p Voltage
tothe 3lp urert
ht T t h hgeh
R
+hy RL IRL
h +hyRzAnal fa /a7ughu0(
+hokL
ioghud

thoRL

R-h-hh
14hoRL
 Adntlance ( V.)
hiOurput
b the sualto oolp
cwuent to the olp vl
e Rs
N ht
lat s s0
h 4 hole N h tho
Aply kNL o the tirtuit

TRs+ht) hy a, =0glod
hy
R tht
Sub ain &n
o hhy&h h
dhs hh T
Rsth
Yhhhy
Rthi
) Cutput Resi'stance (R,) At t defned as
Snvexse oOudpu Admitlance
Ro
h-h4Hy
Rgthi

(hhyhyY
Rs+h
 qain CA):
NO Noltage R
AN
2 P
N

TL/1,)
/,)RL A A /T,
S/1,) R
At R o lo o r 941 a
Ri
AN
R
Gain when Source Noltage i taken into
Voltage
Account Avs):
Vottage
vatio
the woltage to the Sousce
oop
9t p y J R

Aus Ri
ienorh
RE+RVs

nslavia 2gisnoq (
RitRS
tHence, AyS AvKi

ioCuwent Gain tohen Sauxce Resistance ip taken inte

Account (ATs):
t p the vafie o Load Cusuent to the Soce
uoent M

As
SA T =
Rs
RstRi
 R
Rg+R
lence ATs A Rs
)
in Pouwesy Cain CAp):
to tbe p Potoe
Stipthevatis oolp pouoe
,
Ap V,T
A
AAT Av PTRL
A RL
R
hransistoy
H-payameteus équivalent of he, Cooliqusatond:
H-pasameteus lauúvalent e the ce Conkqunatt
b hter9
wM

hiek JO9

ar
ad boal or S4
Jnso
-hte+hele
hge Tb+ hoe Ve
 caiametesr tquivalent othe c Conqusiation
H-paHameteo

Tc
Te htb
Te
hoe hse

1 3 F o rato g
hthT, + h Vc
Ne
Tch Te + h o , N e d t o

Cc Confquuuaton:
othe
H-paiamete tauiyalert

noc

Ne

Vhie Th
hieNed d oiop hosa) )
33/00niA 0
Te hc+hoeVe
nalysis o cé Cooqusaton'using
H-pasameteks:
Cqa)nlod ttuof (o)
C6sact Aralyeis)
R
4piohN

Co

ar
 Ke Jtovi CT

hrel heb

R
R Ro
h-Pastametey D.c tquivalent tirauit
Nhteb +heeo E
Tc hely+hoeVe
rorn he diruit e need te caleulate the
Cuvuert GounC Az) lp Resistance (R;)
Ouexall IpResisonce (a} ) oltage Qain ( A)
6Nohtage Uain sth Sous/oe Resistance ( Avs)
CuSert Goin oth Sousice eistante (AvT)
olp Ràritlante -Resiskonee- (
1 olp Reastonce c R,) No)
9) Oueal olp Resistante (
fooest Cain (p)
Cussent Gain (A) Coeulns
Cussert Gain tAp)
Tc
-Chye T,t hoele)
So
he+hse
-(hye + hoe TLR
ChpeChfe +hoe AR
 AT hte hoe R Ar
-

AzC1+hoeRL) -hfe =

Arnfhpe RRL/R
+hoeL

p Resistance,(R;): yh
4 iphe ratte oBoase Noltage lo,heL Bose
Rs hte
NVL
Gusuerst

he

RR hie T hreYehiet )
hie hre R hiehre A
Rhte +hye AR
9Oveva 91p Resistance (R:):
R-Re11 R
RR l1 RI R

Nollage ain (Ay)

Ay Ne/v, > - TcR -cR
R
R
 AyApR
R
oltageain torth.8owte Resvstance Oveall
eltage ain:
Ays Ay

Ns
RitRs
R
RrtRsys Ay Ri
Rs =0o then Ays AtRs

CC) wwent Gain toith ice f

oveall wtent Gain:

Re
ReRL Re
Re C)9note
- Re
RetRL

Re. R

ReR spop

RRllRB
 Rs s
: RR R+R
AA- Rccix Ap xK
0As R R+R
p Hance (Y,) hte
atR-d o
Ne
hHeT+ hoe
%hoe+ hye Vc
KvL to the loop
Applying
+RT+hteT + hyeVe -0 hwe
R+hie
hoet+ +hye u 10 aogd
-hoe hge hve
R+hte
op Reistance ( Ro):

hoeshyehve
R4hie )oio 9 4u)C)

R hehre
hgt R+ hte
OVeall op Resistançe (R):
4 orfh
R R.1 R
uo) buoer Qain CAp):
Ap Ay AT
NT
Ap AyA

Analysis oCc tonaunation iUing-patameteg

tvact Analiysis)

civa, 3 0/
Hpasametey D tauivalent
Rs hic

hele hot 2e
R o
Guwwent Qain ( Pr ) Nhielp +hiele
a =hie T,t hot Ve
a7 e la, > -Chfeho
Ve
bye oc -(hi +hoc
-(hpe tho¢ A R )
-hc
thoc R
 esistonce CR;):
Sp

R-b/Tb > hteth Ne Ne

hte +hx hiehc PL

Rhic ha AR
)ONevall Sp Resistane (R{):
R-Re(IR; 1IRi

u Voltage Cain (Ay):

Av Ve/ 1R R
R
Ay Ag R
Ri
in (Avs): s o f s g
C)Ovevall Noltage
s Ay
o

Rs 9
R R+RB
m

R
10/e891 9
R
6) Oveall Gwlent dain CATS):
ATS TL Te
Ie
L
 ReR
(-Te)
R
e RetL
.Te

RR -RllRe
Re

Re+PL

sA Re R yA
Re +RL R+ Ri
olp Adraitbonte C4o) ne
R =
Ne
hee
h4cthoc Ye y
Ne
Applury kVL ts the b
Ne R+hie), +hele -0

: hoc hyt hwe he

R+ hte R+hte
(p Restance CRo
Ro ,
ochfchwe
R+hic
hoc hpchve
R ht
 Oueiall olp Resstance (R):
Ouerall

R1R

of)
Ro
CAp):-
) Powexain Ve T
Ap
A 9

ApAy Ar
4Aalysie CB Conlguralioa, waing H-pasamgles
(Exact Analysís)
M.

Ce
R RL

00

H-paMarmetes Dc.êquiyalent ycutt

Rs Te htb

htbe holb

R Ro le
olo0(a
Ne hibTe 4hybYe
T h e t houVe.
0 Cworenl Gafn CAT)
AgTe Tc -(hee 1hobe)
Te Te
 hbho hs hob
-Ch
htb
1+hobR

31p Resisfance (R;)

RiVe
Ne 1,
Te hib,TehVe

hrbhb ibthyLR
olyos hithv ATR ) g ee
:RtEhibthR
3) Dvestall S1o Rekstarnce (R ):
RRl RE
Noltage Gin (Ay):
Ay
Ne

R
Ay A2
R
)Ovexall Noltage qain (Aus):
e Ay.Ye
e R
R+Rs A).o Re
Ne
R:R
 Avs R
R+Rs

Ovevall Cusulent ain (Ars):

Te
ReRAr efs
Ti =R
ReL
900.0 -Re
R RtRL
TeRRi,
R4R
-Rc R CRs RllRe
Re+RL
s Re
RR A 4RE

t OutputAdmittante (Y,):7
Re
0

2 hLTe 4 hob Ye hob hyb Le

Ne
Ne
Rs m
hobhtbRuhbhib Te
hob hb hmb he
R+htb
hoyh, hrb Rthib)1e thsble =0
R+htb hyb
Te
RLhtb
9olp Rexistance (R):
Ro
hob-hbhrb owovo (
Rs+htb
:Ro e r6
hBo hbhyb
R4htb
DOVEHall olp Resistance (Ro)
R RollRR RIRe

0owe Cain(Ap)
Ap e1 ert
Ne Te Ay.Ar
Ve Te
Ap AyAzC)3nofionbA hchid
&,Pvp blem
Considex a argle stage e mplikty ith Rs=l
Rg-5ok-2, & Ra-akn, Ro lka, RLso Iako -4 =

hpe- 50 hie=1Ik ,hoe954/N he 8-5 0

Calaulate the Ap, R:, Ay, AnsAys Ko

-hfe
iof14'he Ri R
RLRe 1-2X10 x I XLe
+1) x
 e0Sys xto 0-545 K
50 S0
+ 35 x1o xo-545 Xlo 13.62S xto
3625

50 6164Ar
FO-O136 013

AT -493aA

hte thre JJepaFy

i R
E I t x10+( SX 10X -49-30 x
0-54X10)
t i XI0 ( 66.582X10)
> 00 6.658 1-093 K
-

R 013 K
i)Av = TRL/R:

49-32 X 0 54 X1
-a9 3 66A
1-693 Kw

Av =-3 366 A01N

ATS AT Rc
Rc+RL Rg+RE

R+

xPe 10
5010 &x105

(1++)10cod
R 5 o3

6St.8
R 0-6518 X1o
 X to 0-6St X03
4-3a X Ix10+ 1-2X10
0-657+098
x0.65%ec
5
ns .uaa8 A
j0-
Ays Ay R
R+Rs
-y.366 X138.9
RR R 23044
oRe 83.9+ 1000 e)FORe+RL3123
.903 X10 x 1-21
= - 10-9536
orkGees) (-983+2)
FO- 820 38 0
AvS 10 35 V
SMEPO.1 =;95

ohoe h
Rhie 5 0 50 x3-SXIo
Lo- 103+1-1X10
TS
aSxto+ 438K16

14-958 X10 8S8HA

No =198S8 HA

8 x6 0-0554x

R 55.99 k.n
, a 55 19K of Ge-