Chemistry 7th Edition McMurry Test Bank 1

Solution Manual for Organic Chemistry 7th Edition
Brown Iverson Anslyn Foote 1133952844

9781133952848
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Chemistry, 7e (McMurry/Fay)
Chapter 6 Ionic compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding
6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) What is the ground-state electron configuration of the ion Hg2+?

A) [Xe]4f145d10
B) [Xe]4f145d86s2
C) [Xe]4f145d106s2
D) [Xe]4f145d106s26p2
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.1 Electron Configurations of Ions
Learning Obj: LO 6.1 Write ground-state electron configurations for main group and transition metal ions.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
2) What is the ground-state electron configuration of the ion Cu2+?

A) [Ar] 3d9
B) [Ar] 4s1 3d8
C) [Ar] 4s2 3d7
D) [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
3) Which of the following three sets consist of atoms or ions with the same electron configuration in the
ground state?
(I) O2-, Ne, and Mg2+

(II) Ni, Cu+, and Zn2+
(III) Hg, Tl+, and Pb2+
A) all three sets
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B) (II) and (III)
C) (I) and (III)
D) (I)
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
2
4) What is the ground-state electron configuration of Se2-?
A) [Ar]3d104s24p2
B) [Ar]3d104s24p4
C) [Ar]3d124s24p4
D) [Ar]3d104s24p6
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
5) Which ion has the same electron configuration as Kr?

A) Rb+
B) Br-
C) Se2-
D) All of these
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
6) Consider the following ground state electron configuration: 1s22s22p4. Which of the ions has this
ground state electron configuration?
A) F-1
B) N+1
C) C-2
D) O-2
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
7) Which ion has the smallest ionic radius?

A) Li+
B) Na+
C) K+
D) Rb+
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.2 Ionic Radii
Learning Obj: LO 6.3 Predict the relative size of anions, cations, and atoms.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
3
8) Which ion has the smallest ionic radius?
A) F-
B) Cl-
C) Br-
D) I-
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
9) Arrange the ions N3-, O2-, Mg2+, Na+, and F- in order of increasing ionic radius, starting with the
smallest first.
A) Mg2+, Na+, F-, O2-, N3-
B) N3-, Mg2+, O2-, Na+, F-
C) N3-, O2-, Mg2+, F-, Na+
D) N3-, O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.4 Predict the relative size of isoelectronic ions.
10) Which of the following most likely represent the atomic radius of a Cr atom, the ionic radius of a Cr 2+
ion, and the ionic radius of a Cr3+ ion?
A) 128 pm for Cr, 167 pm for Cr2+, and 193 pm for Cr3+
B) 128 pm for Cr, 147 pm for Cr2+, and 193 pm for Cr3+
C) 128 pm for Cr, 109 pm for Cr2+, and 63 pm for Cr3+
D) 128 pm for Cr, 89 pm for Cr2+, and 63 pm for Cr3+
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
11) Consider Li+, F-, and O2-. Which ratio should be the largest?
A) (radius Li+)/(radius F-)
B) (radius Li+)/(radius O2-)
C) (radius F-)/(radius Li+)
D) (radius O2-)/(radius Li+)
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
4
12) Which ion has the largest radius?
Ca+2, Ca+1, Br-, K+
A) Ca+2
B) Ca+1
C) Br-
D) K+
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
13) Of the following, which element has the highest first ionization energy?
A) argon
B) neon
C) helium
D) krypton
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.3 Ionization Energy
Learning Obj: LO 6.5 Order elements from lowest to highest ionization energy.
A) iodine
B) bromine
C) fluorine
D) chlorine
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.6 Explain the periodic trend in ionization energy.
A) P
B) N
C) Sb
D) As
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
5
A) P
B) C
C) Si
D) N
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
A) Li
B) F
C) Cs
D) At
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
A) Cl
B) F
C) O
D) S
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
19) List the elements Na, Ca, Rb, Cl, He in order of decreasing first ionization energy.
A) He > Cl > Ca > Na > Rb
B) He > Na > Ca > Cl > Rb
C) He > Na > Cl > Ca > Rb
D) Rb > Ca > Cl > Na > He
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
6
20) List the elements Cs, Ca, Ne, Na, Ar in order of decreasing first ionization energy.
A) Ar > Ca > Cs > Na > Ne
B) Ne > Ar > Ca > Na > Cs
C) Ne > Ar > Na > Cs > Ca
D) Ne > Na > Cs > Ca > Ar
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
21) Element A has a valence shell configuration of ns2np4 while Element B has a valence shell
configuration of ns2np5 where n = energy level. Which of the following statements is true regarding these
elements?
A) The ionization energy of A is lower than the ionization energy of B.
B) The electron affinity of A is higher than the electron affinity of B.
C) Element A and B are transition metals.
D) Element A and B have the same I.E.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
22) Which ionization process requires the most energy?

A) Al(g) → Al+(g) + e-
B) Al+(g) → Al2+(g) + e-
C) Al2+(g) → Al3+(g) + e-
D) Al3+(g) → Al4+(g) + e-
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.4 Higher Ionization Energies
Learning Obj: LO 6.7 Compare successive ionization energies for different elements.
23) Which of the following atoms with the specified electronic configurations would have the lowest first
ionization energy?
A) [He]2s22p3
B) [Ne]3s23p4
C) [Xe]6s1
D) [Xe]6s24f145d106p1
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
7
24) Which of the following represents the change in electronic configuration that is associated with the
second ionization energy of magnesium?
A) [Ne]3s2 → [Ne]3s1 + e-
B) [Ne]3s2 → [Ne] + 2 e-
C) [Ne]3s1 → [Ne] + e-
D) [Ne]3s2 + e- → [Ne]3s23p1
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
25) Consider the following electron configurations for neutral atoms:
atom I = 1s22s22p63s2
atom II = 1s22s22p63s23p4
atom III = 1s22s22p63s23p6
Which atom would be expected to have the largest third ionization energy?
A) atom I
B) atom II
C) atom III
D) All of these atoms would be expected to have the same third ionization energy.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
26) Which period 3 element has successive first through seventh ionization energies (kJ/mol) of
Ei1 = 578; Ei2 = 1,817; Ei3 = 2,745; Ei4 = 11,575; Ei5 = 14,830; Ei6 = 18,376; and Ei7 = 23,293?
A) Mg
B) Al
C) S
D) Cl
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.8 Identify elements based on values of successive ionization energies.
8
27) Which period 2 element has successive first through seventh ionization energies (kJ/mol) of
Ei1 = 1,402; Ei2 = 2,856; Ei3 = 4,578; Ei4 = 7,475; Ei5 = 9,445; Ei6 = 53,267; and Ei7 = 64,360?
A) B
B) C
C) N
D) O
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
28) An element Y, has the following ionization energies
Ei1 = 578 kJ/mol

Ei2 = 1,817 kJ/mol
Ei3 = 2,745 kJ/mol
Ei4 = 11,575 kJ/mol
What is the most likely identity for this element?

A) Na
B) Mg
C) Al
D) Si
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
29) Which liberates the most energy?

A) Li(g) + e- → Li-(g)
B) Na(g) + e- → Na-(g)
C) K(g) + e- → K-(g)
D) Rb(g) + e- → Rb-(g)
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.5 Electron Affinity
Learning Obj: LO 6.9 Compare the value of electron affinity for different elements.
9
30) Which liberates the most energy?
A) Br(g) + e⁻ → Br⁻(g)
B) Cl(g) + e⁻ → Cl⁻(g)
C) F(g) + e⁻ → F⁻(g)
D) I(g) → I⁻(g)
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
31) Which electron affinity process would liberate the most energy?
A) [He] 2s2 + e- → [He] 2s2 2p1
B) [He] 2s2 2p2 + e- → [He] 2s2 2p3
C) [He] 2s2 2p3 + e- → [He] 2s2 2p4
D) [He] 2s2 2p6 + e- → [He] 2s2 2p6 3s1
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
32) Which element has the most favorable (most negative) electron affinity?
A) B
B) C
C) Li
D) N
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
33) Which element has the most favorable (most negative) electron affinity?
A) K
B) Be
C) I
D) Ne
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
10
34) Which of these elements has the most favorable (most negative) electron affinity?
A) Ca
B) N
C) Ne
D) S
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1
35) What is the general trend in ionization energy and electron affinity values?
A) Both decrease as one traverses a period from left to right and both decrease as one descends a group.
B) Both decrease as one traverses a period from left to right and both increase as one descends a group.
C) Both increase as one traverses a period from left to right and both decrease as one descends a group.
D) Both increase as one traverses a period from left to right and both increase as one descends a group.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.10a Explain the periodic trend in electron affinity.
36) An element that has the valence electron configuration 3s23p3 belongs to which period and group?
A) period 3; group 3A
B) period 3; group 5A
C) period 4; group 3A
D) period 4; group 5A
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.6 The Octet Rule
Learning Obj: LO 6.11 Use the octet rule to predict charges on main group ions, electron configurations of main
group ions, and formulas for ionic compounds.
37) In the reaction of sodium metal with chlorine gas which of the following processes releases energy?
A) Cl2(g) → 2 Cl(g)
B) Cl(g) + e- → Cl-(g)
C) Na(s) → Na(g)
D) Na(g) → Na+(g) + e-
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.7 Ionic Bonds and the Formation of Ionic Solids
Learning Obj: LO 6.13 Draw a Born-Haber cycle and calculate the energy change that occurs when an ionic
compound is formed from its elements.
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38) Calculate the energy change for the formation of LiCl(s) from its elements in their standard states and
the following tabulated information:
Li(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → LiCl(s) ?

Li+(g) + Cl-(g) → LiCl(s) -853 kJ/mol
Li(s) → Li(g) +159.4 kJ/mol
1/2 Cl2(g) → Cl(g) +121.7 kJ/mol
Cl(g) + e- → Cl-(g) -348.6 kJ/mol
Li(g) → Li+(g) + e- +520.2 kJ/mol
A) +1305.7 kJ/mol
B) +296.9 kJ/mol
C) -400.3 kJ/mol
D) -627.2 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
39) Calculate the lattice energy for NaCl(s) using a Born-Haber cycle and the following information:
NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl-(g) ?

Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → NaCl(s) -411.0 kJ/mol
Na(s) → Na(g) +107.3 kJ/mol
Na(g) → Na+(g) + e- +495.8 kJ/mol
1/2 Cl2(g) → Cl(g) +121.7 kJ/mol
Cl(g) + e- → Cl-(g) -348.6 kJ/mol
A) +34.8 kJ/mol
B) +690.3 kJ/mol
C) +787.2 kJ/mol
D) +1512 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
12
40) Calculate the lattice energy for MgCl 2(s) using a Born-Haber cycle and the following information:
MgCl2(s) → Mg2+(g) + 2 Cl-(g) ?

Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s) -641.6 kJ/mol
Mg(s) → Mg(g) +147.1 kJ/mol
Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e- +737.8 kJ/mol
Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e- +1451.0 kJ/mol
1/2 Cl2(g) → Cl(g) +121.7 kJ/mol
Cl(g) + e- → Cl-(g) -348.6 kJ/mol
A) +641.6 kJ/mol
B) +1240.5 kJ/mol
C) +1882.1 kJ/mol
D) +2523.7 kJ/mol
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
41) Calculate the energy change for the formation of CaF 2(s) from its elements in their standard states and
the following information:
Ca(s) + F2(g) → CaF2(s) ?

Ca(s) → Ca(g) +179.3 kJ/mol
Ca(g) → Ca+(g) + e- +589.9 kJ/mol
Ca+(g) → Ca2+(g) + e- +1145 kJ/mol
1/2 F2(g) → F(g) +79.0 kJ/mol
F(g) + e- → F-(g) -328.0 kJ/mol
CaF2(s) → Ca2+(g) + 2 F-(g) +2630 kJ/mol
A) +4046 kJ/mol
B) -965 kJ/mol
C) -1214 kJ/mol
D) -3286 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
13
42) Calculate the lattice energy for MgO(s) using a Born-Haber cycle and the following information:
MgO(s) → Mg2+(g) + O2-(g) ?

Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e- +737.8 kJ/mol
Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e- +1451 kJ/mol
1/2 O2(g) → O(g) +249.0 kJ/mol
O(g) + e- → O-(g) -141.1 kJ/mol
O-(g) + e- → O2-(g) +798.0 kJ/mol
Mg(s) + 1/2 O2(g) → MgO(s) -601.8 kJ/mol
A) +1842 kJ/mol
B) +2444 kJ/mol
C) +3844 kJ/mol
D) +4108 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
43) Calculate the energy change in kJ/mol for the reaction using the following
information:
Li(g) → Li+(g) + e- +520 kJ/mol

F(g) + e- → F-(g) -328 kJ/mol
A) -848 kJ/mol
B) -192 kJ/mol
C) +192 kJ/mol
D) +848 kJ/mol
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
14
44) Calculate the energy change for the formation of MgBr 2(s) from its elements in their standard states:
Mg(s) + Br2(l) → MgBr2(s) ?

Mg(g) → Mg+(g) + e- +737.8 kJ/mol
Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e- +1451 kJ/mol
Br2(l) → Br2(g) +30.9 kJ/mol
1/2 Br2(g) → Br(g) +112.0 kJ/mol
Br(g) + e- → Br-(g) -325.0 kJ/mol
MgBr2(s) → Mg2+(g) + 2Br-(g) +2440 kJ/mol
A) -150.8 kJ/mol
B) -286.0 kJ/mol
C) -499.2 kJ/mol
D) -5682 kJ/mol
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
45) Calculate the electron affinity for the formation of the hydride ion from the following information:
H(g) + e- → H-(g) ?
1/2 H2(g) → H(g) +217.9 kJ/mol
Na(s) → Na(g) +107.3 kJ/mol
Na(g) → Na+(g) + e- +495.8 kJ/mol
Na(s) + 1/2 H2(g) → NaH(s) -60.0 kJ/mol
NaH(s) → Na+(g) + H-(g) +810.9 kJ/mol
A) -50.1 kJ/mol
B) -70.1 kJ/mol
C) -816 kJ/mol
D) -1632 kJ/mol
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.14 Use the Born-Haber cycle to solve for the energy change associated with one of the steps.
15
46) Which chemical process is associated with the lattice energy for sodium chloride?
A) NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
B) NaCl(g) → Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
C) Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → NaCl(s)
D) NaCl(s) + H2O(l) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
Topic: Section 6.8 Lattice Energies in Ionic Solids
Learning Obj: LO 6.15 Predict the relative magnitude of lattice energy given the formula or molecular representation
of an ionic compound.
47) Which ionic compound would be expected to have the highest lattice energy?
A) Li2O
B) Na2O2
C) KO2
D) RbO2
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1
48) Which element, indicated by letter on the periodic table above, has a 2+ ion with the electron
configuration [Ar]3d10?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
Topic: Conceptual Problems
16
configuration
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
configuration [Kr]4d5?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
configuration
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
17
The following four spheres represent a metal atom, a nonmetal atom, a monatomic anion and a
monatomic cation, not necessarily in that order.
52) Which sphere represents the metal atom?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
Global Obj: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data.
53) Which sphere represents the nonmetal atom?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
54) Which sphere represents the monatomic anion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
18
55) Which sphere represents the monatomic cation?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
56) The following four spheres represent a Na atom, a Na+ ion, a Cl atom, and a Cl- ion, not necessarily in
that order. Use your knowledge about the relative sizes of atoms, cations, and anions to determine which
of the following sets of reactions is most consistent with the sizes of the atoms and ions shown below.
A) A → B + e- and C → D + e-
B) A → B + e- and D → C + e-
C) B → A + e- and C → D + e-
D) B → A + e- and D → C + e-
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and G3 Read and
interpret graphs and data.
19
57) The following four spheres represent an Mg atom, an Mg2+ ion, a S atom, and a S2- ion, not
necessarily in that order. Use your knowledge about the relative sizes of atoms, cations, and anions to
determine which of the following sets of reactions is most consistent with the sizes of the atoms and ions
shown below.
A) A → B + 2e⁻ and C → D + 2e⁻

B) A → B + 2e⁻ and D → C + 2e⁻
C) B → A + 2e⁻ and C → D + 2e⁻
D) B → A + 2e⁻ and D → C + 2e⁻
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
The four spheres below represent Na+, Mg2+, F⁻, and O2-, not necessarily in that order.
58) Which sphere most likely represents the Na⁺ ion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
20
59) Which sphere most likely represents the Mg2+ ion?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
60) Which sphere most likely represents the F- ion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
61) Which sphere most likely represents the O2- ion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
21
The four spheres below represent K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and S2-, not necessarily in that order.
62) Which sphere most likely represents the K+ ion?

A) A
B) B
C) A or B
D) C or D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
63) Which sphere most likely represents the Ca2+ ion?

A) A
B) B
C) A or B
D) C or D
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
64) Which sphere most likely represents the Cl⁻ ion?

A) A
B) B
C) A or B
D) C or D
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
22
65) Which sphere most likely represents the S2- ion?
A) A
B) B
C) A or B
D) C or D
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
66) Atoms of which element, indicated by letter on the periodic table above, would be expected to have
the lowest first ionization energy, Ei1?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
the highest first ionization energy, Ei1?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
23
the highest second ionization energy, Ei1?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
the lowest second ionization energy, Ei1?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
24
70) Atoms of which element, indicated by letter on the periodic table, would be expected to have the most
negative value of Eea?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
71) Which of the above pictures best represents a solid ionic compound?
A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
Learning Obj: LO 6.12 Visualize ionic compounds on the molecular level.
25
72) Which of the above pictures best represents a gaseous covalent compound?
A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
73) Which of the above pictures are more likely to represent ionic compounds?
A) pictures (a) and (b)
B) pictures (a) and (d)
C) pictures (b) and (c)
D) pictures (b) and (d)
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
74) Which of the above pictures are more likely to represent covalent compounds?
A) pictures (a) and (b)
B) pictures (a) and (d)
C) pictures (b) and (c)
D) pictures (b) and (d)
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
26
The following pictures represent alkali halide salts.
75) Which salt has the highest lattice energy?

A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1
76) Which salt has the lowest lattice energy?

A) picture (a)
B) picture (b)
C) picture (c)
D) picture (d)
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
27
77) What is the likely formula for the binary compound formed from the elements represented by letters
A and C on the periodic table above?
A) AC
B) A2C
C) AC2
D) A2C3
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1
78) What is the likely formula for the binary compound formed from the elements represented by letters
A and D on the periodic table above?
A) AD
B) A2D
C) AD2
D) A2D3
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1
28
79) Which element, indicated by letter on the periodic table, is able to form compounds that do not obey
the octet rule?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1
6.2 Algorithmic Questions
1) Which contains ionic bonds?

A) CH4
B) CaCl2
C) Cl2
D) NCl3
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
Topic: Chapter 6 Introduction
2) Which contains covalent bonds?

A) LiOO
B) NH3
C) LiCl
D) CaI2
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
29
3) Which contains both covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
A) HBr
B) LiI
C) NH3
D) NH4Cl
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
4) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of the Al 3+ ion in its ground state?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 8
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5
5) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of the K+ ion in its ground state?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 6
D) 8
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 10
6) Which two ions have the same electron configuration in the ground state?
A) Cs+ and Li+
B) Ca2+ and Cl-
C) Se2+ and Cl-
D) Fe2+ and Fe3+
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
30
7) Which ion does not have a noble gas configuration in its ground state?
A) Sc3+
B) Al3+
C) Zn2+
D) Te2-
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
8) Which ion does not have a noble gas configuration in its ground state?
A) Si4+
B) Sc3+
C) Zn2+
D) Se2-
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
9) Give the electronic configuration for Mn2+.

A) [Ar]2s22p63d5
B) [Ar]4s23d3
C) [Ar]4s13d4
D) [Ar]3d5
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 36
10) Indicate which is larger in each of the following two sets.
(I) Cr2+ or Cr (II)N2- or N
A) Cr2+ is larger than Cr and N3- is larger than N.

B) Cr2+ is larger than Cr and N is larger than N3-.
C) Cr is larger than Cr2+ and N3- is larger than N.
D) Cr is larger than Cr2+ and N is larger than N3-.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
31
A) barium
B) cesium
C) indium
D) rubidium
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
A) indium
B) rubidium
C) tin
D) strontium
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
A) In
B) I
C) Rb
D) Sb
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5
A) Ra
B) Fr
C) K
D) Sr
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5
32
A) Ba
B) I
C) Rb
D) Po
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5

A) Pt(g) → Pt+(g) + e-
B) Pt+(g) → Pt2+(g) + e-
C) Pt2+(g) → Pt3+(g) + e-
D) Pt3+(g) → Pt4+(g) + e-
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5
17) Which of the following species will have the highest ionization energy?
A) Rb+
B) Kr
C) Br-
D) Se2-
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5

A) Ar(g) → Ar+(g) + e-
B) Ar+(g) → Ar2+(g) + e-
C) Si(g) → Si+(g) + e-
D) Si+(g) → Si2+(g) + e-
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 16
33
19) Which of the following species will have the highest ionization energy?
A) Na+
B) Na2+
C) Na3+
D) Na4+
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 13

A) S(g) → S+(g) + e-
B) S+(g) → S2+(g) + e-
C) Cl(g) → Cl+(g) + e-
D) Cl+(g) → Cl2+(g) + e-
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5
21) Which of the following represents the change in electronic configuration that is associated with the
first ionization energy of barium?
A) [Xe]6s16p1 → [Xe]6s1 + e-
B) [Xe]6s2 → [Xe]6s16p1
C) [Xe]6s2 → [Xe]6s1 + e-
D) [Xe]6s2 + e- → [Xe]6s26p1
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
22) Which element has the highest first electron affinity?

A) Fr
B) Ra
C) Po
D) Rn
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
34
23) Which element has the least favorable (least negative) electron affinity?
A) Cl
B) S
C) Mg
D) As
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
24) How many valence shell electrons does an atom of aluminum have?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 13
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
25) How many valence shell electrons does an atom of Si have?

A) 1
B) 6
C) 4
D) 2
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 14
26) An element that has the valence electron configuration 2s22p2 belongs to which period and group?
A) period 2; group 2A
B) period 2; group 4A
C) period 3; group 2A
D) period 3; group 4A
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5
35
27) To reach a noble gas electron configuration how many electrons would tellerium have to adopt?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 7
D) 4
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 48
28) Which species does not have an octet of electrons for its outer core?
A) Si4-
B) As3-
C) Se2-
D) Mg+
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
29) An element M reacts with chlorine to form MCl 2, with oxygen to form MO, and with nitrogen to form
M3N2. The most likely candidate for the element is
A) Na
B) Sr
C) B
D) Ge
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
30) How many electrons does barium lose and nitrogen need to form Ba3P2?
A) barium loses 2 and phosphorus gains 2
B) barium loses 2 and phosphorus gains 3
C) barium loses 3 and phosphorus gains 2
D) barium loses 3 and phosphorus gains 3
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 8
36
31) The octet rule is most likely to fail occasionally for which of the following elements?
A) C
B) Ca
C) Li
D) P
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 40
32) The electron configuration of an element, X, is [Ne]3s 1. The formula of the most probable ionic
compound that this element will form with O is
A) X O
B) X2O3
C) X2O
D) X3O2
Answer: C
Diff: 4 Var: 4
33) Which of the following ionic compounds would be expected to have the highest lattice energy?
A) RbF
B) RbCl
C) RbBr
D) RbI
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5
A) Li F
B) Na F
C) K F
D) Rb F
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5
37
A) Cs2O
B) BaO
C) Ga2 O3
D) CO2
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5
A) MgS
B) KBr
C) K2S
D) BeBr2
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
A) CaBr2
B) NaBr
C) KBr
D) RbBr
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
A) Li2Se
B) MgS
C) Al2O3
D) CO2
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 50+
38
A) AlH3
B) Al2S3
C) AlCl3
D) AlN
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 16
6.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Using shorthand notation, the ground-state electron configuration for Sr2 is predicted to be ________.
Answer: [Kr]
Diff: 2 Var: 6
2) Using shorthand notation, the ground-state electron configuration for Co2+ is predicted to be ________.
Answer: [Ar]3d7
Diff: 2 Var: 1
3) Using shorthand notation, the ground-state electron configuration for Tl+ is predicted to be ________.
Answer: [Xe]6s24f145d10
Diff: 2 Var: 1
4) Using shorthand notation, the ground-state electron configuration for F- is predicted to be ________.
Answer: [Ne]
Diff: 2 Var: 6
5) Using shorthand notation, the ground-state electron configuration of the chromium ion in CrCl 2 is
________.
Answer: [Ar]3p4
Diff: 2 Var: 1
39
6) The tripositive ion with the electron configuration [Ar]3d6 is ________.
Answer: Co3+
Diff: 2 Var: 1
7) The neutral atom with the electron configuration [Ar}4s23d6 is ________.

Answer: Fe
Diff: 2 Var: 1
8) The ion that has 28 protons and 26 electrons is ________.

Answer: Ni2+
Diff: 2 Var: 1
9) The number of electrons in the ion Zn2+ is ________.

Answer: 28
Diff: 2 Var: 1
10) The number of electrons in the ion K+ is ________.

Answer: 18
Diff: 2 Var: 5
11) The ion Q2+ contains 36 electrons. The identity of element Q is ________.
Answer: Sr
Diff: 2 Var: 10
12) Isoelectronic means having the same number of electrons. The dipositive ion that is isoelectronic with
Br- is ________.
Answer: Sr2+
Diff: 2 Var: 1
40
13) The ionic radius of Cs+ is ________ than the atomic radius of Cs, and the ionic radius of I - is ________
than the atomic radius of I.
Answer: smaller, larger
Diff: 2 Var: 1
14) The element in period 4 with the smallest first ionization energy is ________.
Answer: potassium, K
Diff: 2 Var: 1
15) The element in period 3 with the smallest seventh ionization energy is ________.
Answer: chlorine, Cl
Diff: 2 Var: 1
16) What is the third-row element having the successive ionization energies in kJ/mol: 738, 1451, 7733,
10,540, 13,630, 17,995, 21,703?
Answer: Mg
Diff: 2 Var: 1
17) The element in group 7A with the least favorable (least negative) electron affinity is ________.
Answer: At
Diff: 2 Var: 1
18) The third-row element having a less negative electron affinity than the elements on either side of it on
the periodic table is ________.
Answer: P
Diff: 2 Var: 1
41
19) The group 4A element that always obeys the octet rule in its stable compounds is ________.
Answer: carbon, C
Diff: 2 Var: 1
20) Lattice energy increases with ________ cation and anion charges and ________ cation and anion radii.
Answer: increasing, decreasing
Diff: 2 Var: 1
42

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Solution Manual for Organic Chemistry 7th Edition

Brown Iverson Anslyn Foote 1133952844

6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) What is the ground-state electron configuration of the ion Hg2+?

2) What is the ground-state electron configuration of the ion Cu2+?

(I) O2-, Ne, and Mg2+

A) all three sets

5) Which ion has the same electron configuration as Kr?

7) Which ion has the smallest ionic radius?

Ca+2, Ca+1, Br-, K+

22) Which ionization process requires the most energy?

25) Consider the following electron configurations for neutral atoms:

28) An element Y, has the following ionization energies

Ei1 = 578 kJ/mol

What is the most likely identity for this element?

29) Which liberates the most energy?

Li(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) → LiCl(s) ?

NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl-(g) ?

MgCl2(s) → Mg2+(g) + 2 Cl-(g) ?

Ca(s) + F2(g) → CaF2(s) ?

MgO(s) → Mg2+(g) + O2-(g) ?

Li(g) → Li+(g) + e- +520 kJ/mol

Mg(s) + Br2(l) → MgBr2(s) ?

52) Which sphere represents the metal atom?

53) Which sphere represents the nonmetal atom?

54) Which sphere represents the monatomic anion?

A) A → B + 2e⁻ and C → D + 2e⁻

58) Which sphere most likely represents the Na⁺ ion?

60) Which sphere most likely represents the F- ion?

61) Which sphere most likely represents the O2- ion?

62) Which sphere most likely represents the K+ ion?

63) Which sphere most likely represents the Ca2+ ion?

64) Which sphere most likely represents the Cl⁻ ion?

75) Which salt has the highest lattice energy?

76) Which salt has the lowest lattice energy?

6.2 Algorithmic Questions

1) Which contains ionic bonds?

2) Which contains covalent bonds?

9) Give the electronic configuration for Mn2+.

10) Indicate which is larger in each of the following two sets.

(I) Cr2+ or Cr (II)N2- or N

A) Cr2+ is larger than Cr and N3- is larger than N.

16) Which ionization process requires the most energy?

18) Which ionization process requires the most energy?

20) Which ionization process requires the most energy?

22) Which element has the highest first electron affinity?

25) How many valence shell electrons does an atom of Si have?

6.3 Short Answer Questions

7) The neutral atom with the electron configuration [Ar}4s23d6 is ________.

8) The ion that has 28 protons and 26 electrons is ________.

9) The number of electrons in the ion Zn2+ is ________.

10) The number of electrons in the ion K+ is ________.

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