Test Bank for Clinical Psychology Science Practice and Culture 4th

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Chapter 4: Cultural Issues in Clinical Psychology

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. From 1990 to 2000,

A. the Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the U.S. decreased slightly.
B. the Latino/Latina/Hispanic population in the United States grew by about 50%.
C. the African American population decreased significantly.
D. the Caucasian population grew by about 60%.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain what it means to describe multiculturalism as the “fourth force” in clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population
Difficulty Level: Medium

2. In 2000, the number of first-generation immigrants in the United States represented about ____% of the U.S.
population.
A. 2
B. 5
C. 10
D. 20
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain what it means to describe multiculturalism as the “fourth force” in clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Diversification of the U.S. Population
Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, and 2008) have labeled _____ as the “fourth force” in the history of
psychology.
A. multiculturalism
B. humanism
C. the prescription privileges movement
D. behaviorism
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain what it means to describe multiculturalism as the “fourth force” in clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”
Difficulty Level: Easy

4. There have been four major “forces” in the field of clinical psychology. Which of the following lists these forces in the
correct historical order (from earliest to most recent)?
A. Behaviorism, multiculturalism, humanism, and psychoanalysis
B. Multiculturalism, humanism, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism
C. Humanism, psychoanalysis, multiculturalism, and behaviorism
D. Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain what it means to describe multiculturalism as the “fourth force” in clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”
Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Books such as Ethnicity and Family Therapy and journals such as Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology are
examples of
A. the overexpansion of the diversity movement in clinical psychology.
B. fringe publications rarely referenced by practicing psychologists.
C. publications related to the fourth force of clinical psychology.
D. an increase in multicultural graduate training at the expense of clinical training.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”
Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Psychology of Religion, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, and the Society for the
Psychology of Women are examples of
A. APA divisions dedicated to cultural issues.
B. organizations that offer graduate certificates in gender and religious studies.
C. for-profit societies that are under investigation by the Better Business Bureau.
D. online forums for discussion of multicultural topics.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions
Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Currently, when the American Psychological Association considers accrediting a graduate program in psychology,
there are criteria related to multiculturalism that must be met.
B. Although none have yet emerged, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its
organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity.
C. The APA ethical code instructs psychologists to work with cultural sensitivity and competence.
D. The Society for the Study of Ethnic Minority Issues is an APA division that illustrates clinical psychology’s current focus
on multicultural issues.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions
Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The current edition of the APA ethical code includes no reference to issues of multiculturalism.
B. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity and religion, but no divisions devoted to issues of
gender or sexual orientation.
C. DSM-5 includes key aspects of culture relevant to diagnosis and assessment.
D. Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of gender and sexual orientation, but not divisions devoted to
issues of ethnicity or religion.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism
Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The current edition of the DSM includes a glossary listing _____, which represent psychological problems observed in
groups from various parts of the world.
A. diversity directives
B. multicultural considerations
C. cultural concepts of distress
D. culture-bound syndromes
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism
Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Sutso
A. is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM.
B. involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person.
C. is found almost exclusively in Australia.
D. involves one person “sending” psychological problems to another.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism
Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Taijin kyofusho

A. is an example of a specifier for major depressive disorder included in the most recent edition of the DSM.
B. is experienced by members of Native American tribes.
C. involves a preoccupation with death and the dead which brings on psychological symptoms.
D. involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one’s appearance, actions, or odor will offend
others.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism
Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Maladi Moun

A. is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM.
B. involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person.
C. is found almost exclusively in Australia.
D. involves anxiously avoiding interpersonal situations due to fear that one’s appearance, actions, or odor will offend
others.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: DSM Efforts Toward Multiculturalism
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. According to Sue and Sue (2008), “_____ is defined as the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and
skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society.”
A. multicultural counseling competence
B. evidence-based practice
C. empathy
D. unconditional positive regard
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.3 Speculate how cultural competence could be demonstrated with psychotherapy clients of
various backgrounds.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Is Cultural Competence?
Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences
with a client.
B. It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no
knowledge of that client’s culture, and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical
psychologist.
C. Most research suggests that cultural self-awareness on the part of a clinical psychologist does little to improve
treatment effectiveness.
D. Cultural self-awareness is generally important for all psychologists, regardless of their own cultural backgrounds.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4.3 Speculate how cultural competence could be demonstrated with psychotherapy clients of
various backgrounds.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Cultural Self-Awareness
Difficulty Level: Medium

15. “Although a cultural group may have a collective tendency, its individual members may vary greatly from that
tendency.” This statement best illustrates the _____ inherent in every culture.
A. homogeneity
B. heterogeneity
C. unidimensionality
D. bidimensionality
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Maria recently immigrated from her hometown of Bowling Green, New York, to Mexico City, Mexico. Once in
Mexico, Maria adopts much of her new nation’s culture and abandons much of her original U.S. culture. Which
acculturation strategy is Maria using?
A. Assimilation
B. Separation
C. Marginalization
D. Integration
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium

17. In the _____ acculturation strategy, an individual rejects much of his new culture and retains much of his original
culture.
A. assimilation
B. separation
C. marginalization
D. integration
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The etic perspective

A. emphasizes similarities between all people.
B. attaches great importance to differences between cultural groups.
C. was less dominant in the early days of psychology than it is today.
D. seeks to emphasize the differences among people.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Etic Versus Emic Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The _____ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client’s behaviors,
thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client’s culture.
A. etic
B. emic
C. behavioral
D. individual
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Etic Versus Emic Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The _____ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each
individual, as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals.
A. tripartite model of personal identity
B. etic approach
C. behavioral approach
D. evidence-based psychotherapy movement
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Tripartite Model of Personal Identity
Difficulty Level: Easy

21. What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personality identity?
A. Individual, group, and universal
B. Primary, secondary, and tertiary
C. Narrow, moderate, and wide
D. Singular, plural, and multifaceted
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Tripartite Model of Personal Identity
Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. No single “best method” has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.
B. In-class discussion of one’s own cultural background has emerged as the “best method” for training clinical
psychologists to be culturally competent.
C. Conducting psychotherapy (under supervision) with members of varied cultures has emerged as the “best method”
for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent.
D. Requiring clinical psychology graduate students to publicly proclaim a commitment to diversity has emerged as the
“best method” for training culturally competent clinicians.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.6 Describe methods for training clinical psychologists in cultural issues.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Educational Alternatives
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Regardless of a the methods used to train clinical psychologists to be culturally competent, an essential ingredient is
that the trainee
A. reaches a deeper appreciation of his or her own cultural identity.
B. reads detailed descriptions of a variety of cultural groups in the form of professional books or peer-reviewed articles.
C. enrolls in courses taught by faculty members whose cultural background is different from that of the trainee.
D. conducts research with participants from culturally diverse backgrounds.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.6 Describe methods for training clinical psychologists in cultural issues.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Educational Alternatives
Difficulty Level: Medium

24. _____ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance
between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture.
A. Microaggression
B. Integration
C. Acculturation
D. Heterogeneity
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people. 4.5 Define
“culture” in the context of clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures
Difficulty Level: Easy

25. _____ is the acculturation strategy in which the individual rejects both his new and his original cultures.
A. Assimilation
B. Separation
C. Marginalization
D. Integration
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4.4 Compare major perspectives on the similarities and differences among people. 4.5 Define
“culture” in the context of clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Knowledge of Diverse Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as _____.
A. rebounding
B. cultural channeling
C. ethnic facilitation
D. cultural adaptation
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4.3 Speculate how cultural competence could be demonstrated with psychotherapy clients of
various backgrounds.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Culturally Appropriate Clinical Skills
Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following lists the major “forces” in psychology?

A. Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism
B. DBT, CBT, IRB, and ADA
C. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
D. Independent, dual, group, and universal
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4.1 Explain what it means to describe multiculturalism as the “fourth force” in clinical psychology.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Multiculturalism as the “Fourth Force”
Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The American Psychological Association has created divisions addressing all of the following areas of diversity except
_____.
A. women
B. religion
C. ethnic minorities
D. sightedness
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Emergence of American Psychological Association Divisions
Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following is NOT a recent professional effort to emphasize issues of culture that was discussed in the
textbook?
A. Creation of journals that focus on cultural issues
B. Implementation of a standardized diversity training program required for psychologists to maintain their licenses
C. Publication of books that focus on cultural issues
D. Modification of the APA ethical code to include discussion of multicultural issues
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4.2 List professional efforts in clinical psychology that demonstrate the field’s current focus on
multiculturalism.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Recent Professional Efforts to Emphasize Issues of Culture
Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Name two principles or standards from the APA’s (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct that
address multiculturalism.
Ans: Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity, Standard 2.01 Boundaries of Competence, Standard 3.01 Unfair
Discrimination, and Standard 9.06 Interpreting Assessment Results.

2. What are the four acculturation strategies?

Ans: Assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration

3. _____ is the term used to describe the variability of members within a cultural group.
Ans: Heterogeneity

4. _____ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of his or her
original culture.
Ans: Assimilation

5. _____ is when an individual entering a new culture adopts much of the new culture and retains much of his or her
original culture.
Ans: Integration

6. To modify a treatment with empirical support for a specific cultural group is called _____.
Ans: cultural adaptation

7. The _____ perspective emphasizes the similarities between all people, while the _____ perspective emphasizes
cultural-specific norms.
Ans: etic, emic

8. What are the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity?
Ans: Individual level, group level, and universal level

Essay

1. Briefly explain how the height of basketball star Yao Ming illustrates the concept of heterogeneity within a culture.
Ans: Chinese men, as a group, tend to be relatively short (compared to most other ethnicities represented in the United
States). However, not all men follow this tendency; there are exceptions to the rule. Yao Ming is one such exception, as
he stands 7 feet, 6 inches tall. Thus, regarding psychological variables (which may be less immediately obvious than
height), it is important for clinical psychologists to be aware of both cultural norms and the possibility that a particular
client may be an exception to those norms.

2. Culture shapes the way that a client understands the problem for which he or she is seeking treatment. What
questions does Comas-Diaz (2011) recommend be asked of new client to assess his or her understanding of his or her
own psychological problem? List at least three questions.
Ans: What do you call your problem (or illness, or distress)? What do you think your problem does to you? What do you
think the natural cause of your problem is? Why do you think this problem has occurred? How do you think this problem
should be treated? How do you want me to help you? Who else (e.g., family, friends, or religious leader) do you turn to
for help? Who (e.g., family, friends, or religious leader) should be involved in decision-making about this problem?

3. Explain the difference between the four different acculturation strategies: assimilation, separation, marginalization,
and integration.
Ans: In assimilation, the individual adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of the original. In separation,
the individual rejects much of the new culture and retains much of the original. In marginalization, the individual rejects
both the new and the original culture. In integration, the individual adopts much of the new culture and retains much of
the original.

4. Briefly describe the three levels of the tripartite model of personal identity.
Ans: Individual level: All individuals are, in some respects, like no other individuals. Group level: All individuals are, in
some respects, like some other individuals. Universal level: All individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals.