Agriscience Fundamentals and Applications 6th Edition Burton

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UNIT 13—BIOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, AND CHEMICAL

TRUE/FALSE

1. Bees pollinate more than $15 billion worth of fruit, vegetable, and legume crops every year in the
United States.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. Entomophagous insects feed on other insects.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. Insects are at high levels of the food chain because there are so many of them.

ANS: F PTS: 1

4. Fungus spores can be produced asexually or sexually.

ANS: T PTS: 1

5. The main symptom of nematode damage is poor plant texture.

ANS: F PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Altering the crop environment to prevent or reduce pest damage is known as _____ control.
a. chemical c. cultural
b. biological d. environmental
ANS: C PTS: 1

2. A pest’s ability to repopulate after control measures have been eliminated or reduced is called:
 a. pesticide resistance c. pesticide tolerance
b. pest resurgence d. pest-proof
ANS: B PTS: 1

3. Mature male insects are irradiated in the laboratory to:

a. eliminate their ability to reproduce
b. prevent their digestive tracts from digesting plant material
c. help them pollinate more trees
d. stop them from spreading disease
ANS: A PTS: 1

4. A cultivar is a plant developed by:

a. spores c. humans
b. pheromones d. other plants
ANS: C PTS: 1

5. Which is a biological need of a female mosquito?

a. a sugary meal c. a blood meal
b. sunlight d. stagnant water
ANS: C PTS: 1

6. Mosquitoes feed off warm-blooded animals to obtain which of the following?

a. proteins c. minerals
b. carbohydrates d. vitamins
ANS: A PTS: 1

7. A challenge facing geneticist Andrew Cockburn, whose work focuses on the eradication of malaria, is
that he:
a. can breed too few mosquitoes for his research
b. must find a needle that can penetrate a mosquito egg with a test gene
c. can only perform his research during the summer mosquito season
d. has become allergic to mosquito bites and must hire lab technicians to do all hands-on
work
ANS: B PTS: 1

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ____________________ crop is a susceptible crop planted to attract a pest to a localized area.

ANS: trap

PTS: 1

2. The isolation of pest-infested material is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS: quarantine

PTS: 1
 3. Using pesticides to reduce pest populations is known as ____________________ control.

ANS: chemical

PTS: 1

4. A(n) ____________________ is a living organism that transmits or carries a disease organism.

ANS: vector

PTS: 1

5. A(n) ____________________ is a chemical secreted by an organism to cause a specific reaction by

another organism of the same species, such as seeking mates.

ANS: pheromone

PTS: 1

6. In plants, a(n) ____________________ is a stem that runs underground and gives rise to new plants at
each joint.

ANS: rhizome

PTS: 1

MATCHING

Match the pest terms with the pest definitions.

a. arachnid d. pest
b. vector e. weed
c. insect
1. living organism that carries disease organism
2. organism that may adversely affect human activities
3. eight-legged animal
4. considered undesirable and out of place
5. six-legged animal

1. ANS: B PTS: 1
2. ANS: D PTS: 1
3. ANS: A PTS: 1
4. ANS: E PTS: 1
5. ANS: C PTS: 1

Match the following terms to definitions.

a. bacteria d. fungi
b. pathogen e. virus
c. abiotic f. biotic
6. plants that lack chlorophyll
7. caused by nonliving factors
8. composed of nucleic acids
 9. one-celled microscopic plant
10. organism that causes disease
11. caused by living organisms

6. ANS: D PTS: 1
7. ANS: C PTS: 1
8. ANS: E PTS: 1
9. ANS: A PTS: 1
10. ANS: B PTS: 1
11. ANS: F PTS: 1

Match the following weeds to their category.

a. bull thistle c. crabgrass
b. dandelion d. henbit
12. summer annual
13. perennial
14. winter annual
15. biennial

12. ANS: C PTS: 1

13. ANS: B PTS: 1
14. ANS: D PTS: 1
15. ANS: A PTS: 1

Match each class of pesticide to the type of pest.

a. avicide e. rodenticide
b. herbicide f. nematicide
c. insecticide g. fungicide
d. acaricide
16. mites, ticks
17. birds
18. fungi
19. weeds
20. insects
21. nematodes
22. rodents

16. ANS: D PTS: 1

17. ANS: A PTS: 1
18. ANS: G PTS: 1
19. ANS: B PTS: 1
20. ANS: C PTS: 1
21. ANS: F PTS: 1
22. ANS: E PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

1. What term describes the total removal or destruction of a pest?

 ANS:
Eradication means total removal or destruction of a pest.

PTS: 1

2. Name the four stages of a complete metamorphosis.

ANS:
Complete metamorphosis consists of four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

PTS: 1

3. What is the more common name for the Africanized honeybee?

ANS:
The Africanized honeybee—a hybrid cousin of the domestic pollinator, famous for its
aggressiveness—has been dubbed the killer bee.

PTS: 1

4. What term describes insects growing from an egg to adult and passing through several growth stages?

ANS:
As an insect matures from an egg to an adult, it passes through several growth stages. This growth
process is known as metamorphosis. The two types of metamorphosis are gradual and complete.

PTS: 1

5. What does the acronym IPM stand for?

ANS:
IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management.

PTS: 1

6. Name three ways plant viruses are transmitted.

ANS:
Plant viruses are transmitted by seeds, insects, nematodes, fungi, grafting, and mechanical means,
including sap contact.

PTS: 1

7. What are plant viruses and what are they capable of doing?

ANS:
Plant viruses are pathogenic, or disease-causing, organisms. Viruses are composed of nucleic acids
surrounded by a protein sheath. They are capable of altering a plant's metabolism by affecting protein
synthesis.

PTS: 1

8. What is meant by a “good” mosquito?

 ANS:
A “good” mosquito is a non-malaria mosquito that has replaced a malaria carrier.

PTS: 1

9. Name three advantages of pest-resistant plant varieties.

ANS:
Some advantages of pest-resistant plant varieties are:
1. minimal cost of pest control
2. no adverse effect to the environment
3. a significant reduction in pest damage
4. ability to fit into any IPM program

PTS: 1

10. What is a noxious weed?

ANS:
A noxious weed is a plant that causes great harm to other organisms by weakening those around it.

PTS: 1