ARDESIGN5 - Community Library Research Work - Camus, Foronda, Poblacio

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture
S.Y 2023-2024
Library as Social Architecture:

Redefining its Role
Architectural Design 5: Research Work
BY
Camus, Chelo Cheska

Foronda, Mary Jesah
Poblacio, Elisha Lian
(August 2023)
This research paper discusses the importance of libraries in fostering people's capacity for learning
and collaboration. Additionally, it highlights the major shifts and adjustments that libraries underwent
before, during, and after a pandemic.
Along with that relevant information, this report also contains a list of current buildings that serve as
benchmarks for the planned community library project. Safety guidelines are also provided in an
effort to address the nation's current situation. In order to establish a safe and sustainable library, the
National Building Code is discussed, as well as an example of green building ideas.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 LIBRARY DESIGN .................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Basic Spaces in the Library ....................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Benchmarked Projects ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Pre-Pandemic Vs Post Pandemic Library ...........................................................................6
1.5 IATF Safety Guidelines Applied in Library Design .............................................................8
1.6 Building Codes .......................................................................................................................... 9
1.6.1 The National Building Code ....................................................................................... 9
1.7 Green Building Design Applicable to Library Design ............................................................ 19
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................26
Library as Social Architecture: Redefining its Role
Architectural Design 5 8/7/2023
1 LIBRARY DESIGN
1.1 Background
Traditionally, a library is defined as a collection of books used for reading or rather, the
building or room in which such collection is kept. The origin of the word library is derived from the
Latin liber, “book”, whereas a Latinized Greek word, “bibliotheca”, in German, Russian and the
Romance languages. It is believed that the earliest libraries appeared around five thousand years ago
in Southwest Asia’s Fertile Crescent which is an area that ran from Mesopotamia to the Nile.
Over the centuries, the architecture of libraries has undergone numerous evolutions often
depending on its use, architectural trends of the era and the technology available to build them. The
world’s oldest known library is said to be, “The library of Ashurbanipal”, which was founded during
the 7th century B.C for the “royal contemplation” of the Assyrian ruler, Ashurbanipal. The said library
is a collection of more than 30,000 clay tablets and fragments containing contemporary texts of all
kinds, that includes a number of various languages.
1.2 Basic Spaces in the Library
 Collection Space
This is where the library’s collection of books, magazines, newspapers, and other
materials are stored. It is usually divided into two areas: the open stacks, where patrons
can browse the collection, and the closed stacks, where materials are stored that are not
available for browsing.
 Public Electronic Workstation
The area where patrons can access the library’s computers, printers, and other electronic
resources. It is usually located in a central location in the library, so that patrons can
easily access it.
 User Seating Space
This is where patrons can sit and read, study, or use the library’s electronic resources. It
is usually divided into different areas, such as quiet areas for studying, and more active
areas for group work.
 Staff Work Space
1
This is where the library’s staff work, such as processing materials, answering queries,
and providing reference services.
 Meeting Space
Area where the library can host meetings, workshops, or other events. It is usually a large
room with tables and chairs, and it may be equipped with audio-visual equipment.
Divisions found in the Library:
1. Reader’s Services Division

This division has direct contact with the Library users. It takes custody of materials that have
been processed by the Technical Services Division and makes them available to user in an
organized and controlled manner.
o Reference Section – materials that are meant to aid research by providing quick and
accessible information on any particular topic.
o Filipiniana, Local History and Archives Section – materials that document the history
of any town or country and to make these materials available to researchers and the
general public.
o Law Research Section – information resources specially for law education and the
practice of law.
o Periodical Section – houses journals, magazines, newspapers, and other serial
literature.
o Children’s Section – activities and other related services for the promotion of reading
among children.
o Library for the Blind – caters to visually impaired users which offers braille, large
print collections of books and serials as well as audio books.
o Management Information System Section - helps libraries in determining efficiency,
effectiveness, competitiveness and performance, and facilitates collection of data,
training and development of staff.
2. Technical Division
This division specializes in acquiring, organizing, and preserving all kinds of library
materials. They also manage the library’s physical and electronic resources, including all the
recordkeeping related to the sources.
2
o Collection Development – systematic assessment, selection, and deselection of

library resources.
o Cataloging Section – involved in cataloguing and classification of library books and
making sure that books on the same and related subjects are kept and maintained
together on a shelf.
o Binding and Preservation – resources that are repaired and bound for preservation.
3. Library Extension Division

This division is responsible with increasing the number of users to maximize the use of its
resources. They inform the public about its resources, services, and utility.
o Recreational, Educational and Social Activity Section – providing activities that are
designed to teach specific skills but also enhance socialization skills and develop a
feeling of community.
o Outreach Program – programs to promote reciprocity and empathy to the needs of the
society thereby enhancing the engagement of the users.
4. Publication Division
This division is responsible for the preparation of the publication of research and studies by
various divisions highlighting subjects of national importance.
o Publishing Section – overall responsibility for content development and production.
o Marketing Section – includes advertising, selling, and delivering products to
consumers or businesses.
5. Administrative Division
Takes charge of the administrative matters of a library like budgeting and fiscal management.
They may manage staff, collections, policies and procedures, physical space, technology, and
more.
o Budgeting and Fiscal Section – responsible for planning, managing, reporting the
library’s financial resources.
o Records and Personnel – manages the library’s administrative records and personnel
files.
o Property and Supplies – responsible for inventory, maintenance, and disposal of non-
book materials in the library.
3
o General Services – provides basic services to library users such as circulation,

reference, and interlibrary loan.
6. Human Resources Division
Provides organizational, structure and the ability to meet business needs by effectively
managing the employee lifecycle. They are also in charge of implementing, coordinating, and
monitoring all management programs and processes for the library.
7. Financial Resources Division
Deals with the effective and efficient use of resources to achieve the library’s goals and
objectives. Controlling of the income and expenditure, how much money is to be received,
how much should be allocated per division, how much is to be spent, etc.
1.3 Benchmarked Projects
1.3.1 Quezon City Public Library | Metro Manila, Philippines
The preferred locations for reading and learning have always been coffee shops and co-
working spaces. One of the undiscovered treasures and underappreciated locations that serves
students, independent contractors, and avid readers is the Quezon City Public Library. It is a cozy
setting that is ideal for reading and working. It has a tiny café inside that is prepared to offer a hot cup
of coffee.
Library cafés provide an inviting, yet comfortable environment for the users who need to relax
in between their long period of studies. According to the US Department of Labor, Occupational
Safety and Health Administration, students are spending so much time with computers that their
health can be put at risk. The main recommendation from ergonomic science is to permit change –
change in posture, change in eye focus distance, and opportunities to get up and more around.
Putting several coffee shops in a library could enhance the productivity and focus of its customers. It
may also serve as a selling feature to draw in additional customers.
4
1.3.2 McHenry Library | California, United States
This library's interior makes the most of daylighting. To increase building efficiency, seismic,
life safety, and technological enhancements were implemented. The new wing maintains the harmony
between the building and its surroundings while maintaining the integrity of the original structure. The
extension extends the old structure's lines, reinterpreting their texture, proportion, and rhythm. The
addition repeats the usual pattern of glass and concrete but now represents internal program features.
Almost 40% of the structure is made up of fenestration.
This library is surrounded by the beautiful sights of nature and can also be incorporated into
the design of the community library. The co-existence of the buildings and vegetation will surely be
used in the project design. Structure will be built around the trees instead of cutting it all down. Not
only does nature provide calmness to the atmosphere, but it also adds aesthetic value to it. Large
floor-to-ceiling windows are a good feature of the building as they provide a decent amount of sunlight
to the interior, hence saving electricity during the daytime.
5
1.3.3 Beitou Public Library | Taipei, Taiwan
The Beitou Library is a public library located in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. It was designed by
the Taiwanese architectural firm Bio-Architecture Formosana and was completed in 2007. The library
is made of wood and concrete, and it has a distinctive “green” design. One of the most striking
architectural features of the Beitou Library is its use of wood. The library is made of wood from the
cypress tree, which is a native tree of Taiwan. The wood gives the library a warm and inviting feel.
Another distinctive feature of the Beitou Library is its "green" design. The library is designed to be
energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. The roof of the library is covered in solar panels, which
generate electricity for the library. The library also has a rainwater collection system, which is used to
water the plants in the library's courtyard.
1.4 Pre-Pandemic Vs Post Pandemic Library
The differences between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic libraries:
 Physical space: Pre-pandemic libraries were typically large buildings with multiple floors.
They had a large collection of books, as well as computers and other technology. Post-
pandemic libraries are smaller and more flexible. They may have a smaller collection of
books, but they have more technology and space for activities.
 Services: Pre-pandemic libraries offered a variety of services, such as book borrowing,
computer use, and reference services. Post-pandemic libraries have expanded their
services to include online resources, virtual programs, and curbside pickup.
 Community engagement: Pre-pandemic libraries were a central part of the community.
They were places where people could come to learn, connect, and create. Post-
6
pandemic libraries have become even more important as a community space. They offer
a variety of programs and events that help people connect with each other and with their
community.
1.4.1 Cebu City Central Library | Cebu City, Philippines (Pre-Pandemic)
It is the largest public library in Cebu City, Philippines. It was established in 2019 and is located in
Osmeña Boulevard. The Cebu City Central Library (CCCL) is a five-storey building with a collection of
over 500,000 books that was designed by Filipino architect Juan M. Arellano. Arellano is known for
his neoclassical style of architecture. The CCCL has a symmetrical façade with a large central
archway. The archway is flanked by two Doric columns and topped by a pediment with a relief
sculpture of the national hero, Jose Rizal. The building is made of concrete and is painted white. The
roof is red tile.
The interior of the CCCL is also neoclassical in style. The main reading room is on the ground
floor and has a high ceiling with large windows that let in natural light. The reading room is furnished
with comfortable chairs and tables. There are also a number of study rooms on the ground floor.
1.4.2 CSU-H.E.R.O Learning Commons | Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte Philippines
7
(Post Pandemic)
The CSU-HERO Learning Commons Library is a new library in Butuan City, Agusan del Norte,
Philippines. It was inaugurated in December 2021 and is named after the first congresswoman of the
Philippines, Elisa Rosales Ochoa. The CSU-HERO Learning Commons Library is a state-of-the-art
library that is designed to meet the needs of the 21st century learner. It has a large collection of books,
journals, and other materials, as well as a variety of technology resources.
The building is well-designed and has an arch-like shape with three floors, which represent its
three main sections. It is also integrated with technology solutions, such as an automated book drop
system that minimizes face-to-face contact when returning books, a library monitoring software that
gathers and generates library usage data and reporting with just a few taps, and a fully embedded
structured cabling for seamless connectivity.
1.5 IATF Safety Guidelines Applied in Library Design
The IATF Safety Guidelines are a set of protocols developed by the Inter-Agency Task Force for the
Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-MEID) in the Philippines to help prevent the
spread of COVID-19.
These are some of the key points of the IATF Safety Guidelines:
 Physical distancing: People should maintain a physical distance of at least 1 meter from
others.
 Mask-wearing: Masks should be worn in all public settings, except when eating or drinking.
 Hand washing: Hands should be washed frequently with soap and water, or with an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer.
 Ventilation: Indoor spaces should be well-ventilated.
 Cleaning and disinfection: Surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
 Self-monitoring: People should monitor their health for symptoms of COVID-19.
The IATF Safety Guidelines that can be applied in library design in the Philippines include:
8
 Physical distancing: Libraries should ensure that there is enough space between people to
maintain a physical distance of at least 1 meter. This can be done by adjusting the layout of
the library, such as reducing the number of tables and chairs, or by installing physical barriers
between people.
 Ventilation: Libraries should have good ventilation to help circulate air and reduce the risk of
transmission of respiratory droplets. This can be achieved by opening windows and doors, or
by installing fans or air conditioning units.
 Cleaning and disinfection: Libraries should have a regular cleaning and disinfection
schedule to remove germs and viruses from surfaces. This includes cleaning all surfaces that
are touched frequently, such as door handles, light switches, and tables.
 Signage: Libraries should post clear signage about the IATF safety guidelines. This signage
should be in a prominent location and should be easy to understand.
 Staff training: Library staff should be trained on the IATF safety guidelines. This training
should cover topics such as how to maintain physical distancing, how to clean and disinfect
surfaces, and how to wear a mask.
1.6 Building Codes
1.6.1 The National Building Code
RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS

BY USE OR OCCUPANCY
SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified
1. There are 10 Groups of Occupancies sub-divided into 25 Divisions. The accompanying matrix
shows
the Groupings and Divisions and the corresponding uses. The final column indicates the Zoning
Classification.
a. Buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to their use or the character of its
9
occupancy and shall be classified as follows:
iii. Group C – Education and Recreation
Group C Occupancies shall be buildings used for school or day-care purposes, involving assemblage
for instruction, education, or recreation, and not classified in Group I or in Division 1 and 2 or Group
H Occupancies.
Table VII.1. Schedule of Principal, Accessory and Conditional Use/Occupancy of
Building/Structure
SECTION 704. Location on Property
1. General
a. No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard or
street on at least one of its sides.
b. For the purpose of this Section, the centerline of an adjoining street or alley shall be considered an
adjacent property line.
10
c. Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear property
lines.
4. Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements
a. The following rules shall be observed in the determination of the Allowable Maximum Building
Footprint (AMBF) for buildings and related habitable structures. If the stated rules are compared with
(1) Rule VIII Table VIII.1.- Reference Table on Percentage of Site Occupancy and Maximum
Allowable Construction Area (MACA); (2) Rule VIII Tables VIII.2. and VIII.3. (Setbacks, yards and
courts); or (3) with the applicable stipulations under this Rule and with the applicable stipulations of
the Fire Code, the more stringent but applicable regulation out of the aforementioned rules should be
observed;
b. If without a firewall, the footprint of a proposed building/structure shall be measured horizontally

from the property line to the outermost faces of the exterior walls of the building/structure; Provided,
that the distance measured from the property line shall conform with the applicable
SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas
1. General. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) of any proposed
building/structure shall only be as allowed under this Rule.
2. TGFA Limitation. In Table VII.1. hereafter, the percentages (%) indicated in the third (3rd)
through eighth (8th) columns, but excluding the multiplier numbers 3, 5, 12, 18, and 30 (which
represent the number of storeys/floors), are the percentages of the Total Lot Area (TLA) that may be
used to initially determine the Allowable Maximum TGFA for a proposed building/structure.
3. Crosscheck of TGFA with Allowable Maximum Volume Building (AMVB). The Allowable
Maximum TGFA once established must be thoroughly crosschecked with the AMVB to find out if
the AMVB is not exceeded. If exceeded, the necessary adjustments on the Maximum Allowable
TGFA must be made since the AMVB must always prevail.
Table VII.1. Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)Based on the Allowed
Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)of the Total Lot Area (TLA)
11
SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings
1. The maximum height and number of storeys of proposed building shall be dependent upon the
12
character of use or occupancy and the type of construction, considering end-user population density,
light and ventilation, width of RROW/streets particularly of its roadway/carriageway component,
building bulk, off-street cum off-site parking requirements, etc. and in relation to local land use plan
and zoning regulations as well as other environmental considerations, e.g., geological, hydrological,
meteorological, topographical, prevailing traffic conditions, the availability and capacity of public
utility/service systems, etc. (Refer to Guidelines on Building Bulk at the end of this Rule)
2. Determination of Building Height:
a. BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) - the maximum height to be allowed for buildings/structures
based on their proposed use or occupancy; the BHL is generally determined after the application of
other development controls (DC) and certain other parameters, i.e., considerations of site conditions,
view, etc. (Table VII.2. of this Rule). The BHL shall be generally measured from the established
grade line to the topmost portion of the proposed building/structure. If applicable, the BHL may be
subject to clearance requirements of the Air Transportation Office (ATO) or of the concerned
military/security authorities. (Refer to Guidelines on Development Controls at the end this Rule) BHL
excludes the height of permitted/allowed projections above the roof of the building/structure, e.g.,
signage, mast, antenna, telecom tower, beacons and the like.
b. The Building Height Limit (BHL) of any proposed building/structure shall only be as allowed
under this Rule (as shown in table below) or under the duly approved city/municipal (local)
zoningordinance, whichever is more restrictive.
Table VII.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy
13
4. Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements
a. The parking slot, parking area and loading/unloading space requirements listed hereafter are
generally the minimum off-street cum on-site requirements for specific uses/occupancies for
buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located outside of the road right-of-way (RROW).
b. The size of an average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.50 meters by 5.00
meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.00 meters for parallel parking. A
standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be computed at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00
meters. An articulated truck slot must be computed at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 18.00 meters
which should be sufficient to accommodate a 12.00 meters container van or bulk carrier and a
long/hooded prime mover. A jeepney or shuttle parking/loading/unloading slot must be computed at a
minimum of 3.00 meters by 9.00 meters. The parking slots shall be drawn to scale and the total
number of which shall be indicated on the plans and specified whether or not parking
accommodations are attendant-managed.
c. The parking space ratings listed below are minimum off-street/off-RROW cum on-site
requirements for specific uses/occupancies for buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located outside of
the road right-of-way (RROW):
RULE VIII - LIGHT AND VENTILATION
14
4. Minimum Requirements for Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)
a. Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL) are portions of the Total Lot Area (TLA) not occupied by
the Maximum Allowable PSO. The TOSL may consist of either the Maximum Allowable ISA
(hardscaped areas) or the USA (exposed and planted/softscaped soil) or may also be the combination
of both types of open spaces.
SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights
1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40
meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one (1) storey,
the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second story 2.40
meters and the succeeding stories shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less
than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above-stated rooms with natural ventilation shall have
ceiling heights of not less than 2.70 meters.
2. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters above and below it.
SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms
1. Minimum air space shall be provided as follows:
a. School Rooms – 3.00 cu. meters with 1.00 sq. meter of floor area per person;
15
b. Workshop, Factories, and Offices – 12.00 cu. meters of air space per person; and
c. Habitable Rooms – 14.00 cu. meters of air space per person
SECTION 808. Window Openings
1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system, shall be provided with
a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area of the
room, provided that such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter. However, toilet and bath
rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be provided with window or windows with an area not
less than 1/20 of the floor area of such rooms, provided that such opening shall not be less than 240 sq.
millimeters. Such window or windows shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley, or
open watercourse.
5. In locating window openings it should be borne in mind that in cases of extreme emergencies
windows must serve as emergency egress to vacate the premises or access for rescue operations. Such
windows shall meet the following requirements:
a. They can be opened from the inside without the use of any tools;
b. The minimum clear opening shall have a width not less than 820 millimeters and a height of 1
meter;
c. The bottom of the opening should not be more than 820 millimeters from the floor;d. Where storm
shutters, screens or iron grilles are used, these shall be provided with quick opening mechanism so
that they can be readily opened from the inside for emergency egress and shall be so designed that
when opened they will not drop to the ground;
e. All areas immediately outside a fire exit window/grille must be free of obstacles and must lead to a
direct access down into the ground or street level
SECTION 809. Vent Shafts
16
1. Ventilation or vent shafts shall have a horizontal cross-sectional area of not less than 1.00 sq. meter
for every meter of height of shaft but in no case shall the area be less than 1.00 sq. meter. No vent
shaft shall have its least dimension less than 600 millimeters.
2. Unless open to the outer air at the top for its full area, vent shafts shall be covered by a skylight
having a net free area or fixed louver openings equal to the maximum required shaft area.
3. Air ducts shall open to a street or court by a horizontal duct or intake. Such duct or intake shall
have a minimum unobstructed cross-sectional area of not less than 0.30 sq. meter with a minimum
dimension of 300 millimeters. The openings to the duct or intake shall be not less than 300
millimeters above the street surface or level of court.
SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights
1. Ventilation skylights shall have a glass area not less than that required for the windows that are
replaced. They shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers with an aggregate net free area not
less than the parts in the replaced window that can be opened, or else provide artificial ventilation of
equivalent effectiveness.
SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation
1. Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with artificial means of
ventilation to prevent excessive accumulation of hot and/or polluted air.
17
2. Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed to meet the following
minimum requirements in air changes as shown in Table VIII.4. hereafter.
EXCEPTION:
1. Variances, exception or deviations from the provision of light and ventilation may be allowed only
when the following term and conditions are fully complied with:
a. In case of variances
When the property is unique and different from other properties and because of its uniqueness such
the owner cannot comply with the open space requirements, variances shall be applied to relax the
application of the following provisions:
i. setback;
ii. ventilation and window opening requirements;
iii. percentage of site occupancy;
18
iv. floor area ratio; and
v. building height limit (BHL).
At least two (2) conditions must be satisfied for exception to be granted.
b. In case of exceptions
i. The exception must not adversely affect public health, safety and welfare and must be in keeping
with the general pattern of development in the community.
ii. The exception must not alter the essential character of the district where the exception sought
is located, and will be in harmony with the general purpose of this IRR.
1.7 Green Building Design Applicable to Library Design
i. Charles Library | Philadelphia, United States

- Natural Light, Roof Gardens, Rainwater Management Systems
90% of the 220,000 square foot, four-story library's used spaces have natural light, which
lowers the need for artificial lighting. "All of our lighting inside the building has either a combination of
photoelectric sensing or occupancy sensing. If it's a nice sunny day, the lights won't turn on. If it's a
cloudy day or night, the lights will then turn on based on occupancy or darkness levels." said Scott
Sullivan, the principal architect of Stantec. The fourth floor is glazed on all four sides with glass and
gives views out to the lushly planted green roof. With upwards of 15 distinct species, the roof gardens
19
offer a thriving urban habitat for pollinators as well as a peaceful aesthetic backdrop to the views of
the campus and city beyond from within the library.
The 47,300 square foot green roof, one of the biggest in Pennsylvania, covers more than
70% of the building's roof area and is essential to the site's stormwater management system. In
accordance with departmental standards, the library's stormwater management system consists of a
green roof, pervious paved plazas and paths, landscaped planting beds that infiltrate rainwater, and
two underground catchment basins that can collectively store and treat close to 500,000 gallons of
water during storm events.
i. Austin Central Library | Texas, United States

- Natural Light, Roof Gardens, Rainwater Management Systems
The new Austin Central Library is a structure molded by light and created to adapt to the
environment of its site. The project team established aspirational sustainability and design metrics
before the design phase had started. The library's two main sustainability objectives were settled
upon: it would be the most naturally lit library in the nation, and it would act as a water saving
example for nearby structures.
The reading porches and special rooftop pollinator garden attract guests who want to get
close to nature. The six-story atrium, which offers daylight to more than 80% of the frequently
inhabited rooms, is the focal point of the structure. Water for the rooftop pollinator garden, toilet
plumbing fixtures, and a 373,000-gallon rainwater gathering system is recycled from the building's
existing infrastructure. The Austin Central Library is the first civic project in Austin to get LEED
(Leadership in Energey and Environmental Design) Platinum certification. It encourages emotional
ties to collections, history, culture, and geography while serving as a model for efficient library
operations and sustainable resource usage.
20
i. East Boston Public Library | Massachusetts, United States

- Natural Light, Rainwater Management Systems, Sustainable Materials, Daylight Harvesting,
Waste Recycling
William Rawn Associates Architects, Inc.'s 15,000 square foot East Boston Branch, located at
365 Bremen Street, opened in November 2013. In addition to embracing a number of other
sustainable practices, the library building received LEED certification for its environmentally friendly
design and construction in the categories of energy consumption, lighting, water use, and material
use.
Storm water from the site and roof is directed to the three "learning gardens" along the side of
the East Boston Branch as part of the library's environmentally friendly design. The East Boston
Branch of the Boston Public Library was awarded based on a variety of green design and
construction elements that benefit both the project itself and the larger community. These attributes
include water conservation via storm water management, rainwater collection, underground recharge
tanks, and low-flow bathroom fixtures; sustainably harvested and certified wood; underfloor ventilation
and conditioning; a reflective roof; high-performance glass; daylight harvesting/dimming and
occupancy sensors; use of low emitting materials and materials with recycled content; and 75 percent
construction waste recycling.
i. Tulsa Library | Oklahoma, United States
- Natural Light, Rainwater Collecting Systems, Solar Panels, Chilled Beams, Recycled
Materials
21
The new Central Library at the Tulsa City-County is not only a stunning building, but it also
adheres to green building principles, earning it a LEED certification from the US Green Building
Council. The building's design prioritizes everyone's health and well-being while also limiting any
long-term environmental impacts.
The first rooftop photovoltaic solar array to be erected on a Tulsa structure, as well as daylight
harvesting and lighting schemes, are examples of sustainable initiatives. Nearly 98% of the
construction waste produced on site throughout the operation was kept out of landfills. The waste was
separated locally and distributed to various facilities for recycling, reuse, and re-purposing.
Additionally, recycled materials were used in the manufacturing of roughly 11% of the overall content
of building materials. The library's usage of rooftop solar panels, high-efficiency lighting, the chilled
beam heating and air conditioning system, high-efficiency boilers and chillers, and a rainwater
collecting system were among the elements recognized by the Green Building Council as contributing
to the gold LEED certification.
i. Tulsa Library | Oklahoma, United States
- Natural Light, Rainwater Collecting Systems, Water Mirrors
22
The architect created the park that houses the Virgilio Barco Public Library, which features
native trees, canals, lakes, and bike and pedestrian pathways. The project focused on the problem of
water management in addition to being a place of learning and community. Rainwater is effectively
utilized at the UNESCO World Heritage Center site by being incorporated into the structure.
Large side windows facing north and northeast offer consistent light throughout the day,
together with zenithal light from the roof, which illuminates the Bogotá reading room's interior. The
design of the building emphasizes the important natural elements that the architect used in his work,
including the water mirrors, which have a cooling effect while also absorbing pollution from the city;
the natural slopes, which conceal the city's urban profile and frame the eastern hills, which draw the
eye from every angle of the project. In this manner, the interior experience from the circulation areas
and reading rooms incorporates the landscape composition.
i. Beitou Public Library | Taipei, Taiwan
- Natural Light, Rainwater Collecting Systems, Solar Panels, Eco-Friendly Materials
The library gained a spot with other environmentally conscious architectural advances thanks
to a sustainable design that minimizes its environmental impact. The three-story library, which is
situated in Beitou Park in northern Taipei City, was created by architect Kuo Ying-chao to breathe and
fit in with its surroundings. The building has almost entirely evolved into its own tourist destination
since its completion in 2006. The library houses more than 63,000 books, including a sizable
collection devoted to ecological preservation, and receives over 600,000 visitors each year.
The building was chosen for its ecologically friendly components, including its rooftop solar
panels and rainwater collection and storage systems. The solar cells, according to library director
Hung, can produce 16,000 watts of electricity, or 10% of the library's total power use, while collected
water is utilized to flush the toilets and irrigate the plants. “But the real beauty of this building lies in its
23
wooden construction, deep balconies and vertical trellises,” Hung said. “These further reduce power
consumption and save energy by helping ward off thermal radiation.”
i. Macquarie University Library | Sydney, Australia
- Natural Light, Water Treatment, Rainwater Collection System, Green Roof, Energy
Generating System, Night-Purge Ventilation, Air-Cooled Plant, Bio-filtration, Geo-Thermal Field
This inspiration was expanded upon by setting a new benchmark for user-friendly, cost-effective
sustainable design for university libraries. In order to drastically minimize the amount of water needed,
the project includes systems for collecting, storing, treating, and reusing rainwater. It also includes an
air-cooled plant and water-efficient environmental control systems. The rainwater collection system
alone saves more than half of the needed water supply from Sydney Water on one of the largest
green roofs for educational buildings in Australia.
The building's energy systems were created to significantly reduce the amount of mains
electricity needed. This was accomplished by using a minor independent energy generating system
and, more crucially, by responding in an integrated manner to the main power requirements of lighting
and air conditioning. Significant and demonstrable reductions in power needs were made when
paired with the integration of passive systems including night purge systems, mixed mode ventilation,
bio-filtration, and the usage of a geothermal field (with associated water loss minimization).
Sustainability is achieved for this new library in a number of ways, including socially, by fostering an
environment that is hospitable, inclusive, and equal.
i. Seattle Central Library | Washington, United States
- Natural Light, Heat and Glare Resistant Windows, Energy-efficient buildings systems.
Rainwater Collecting Systems, Ecological ventilation, Fire Suppression Systems, Recycled Materials
24
The design team faced issues such as maximizing public space without using pillars that would
detract from the view, reinforcing the outside structure for seismic resistance and support, and
achieving these goals while maintaining sustainability. For the exterior, the architects created a steel
framework with a diagonal grid system of insulated glass that offers excellent rigidity to withstand
lateral stresses. A metal mesh is inserted between two outer layers of triple-layered glass on about
half of the panes. Heat and glare are both reduced by the mesh.
The library was built to perform 10% better than Seattle's energy code. In order to do this, Arup
looked into energy-efficient building systems using computer modeling and CFD analysis. Water-
efficient mechanical systems, such as irrigation using a rainwater collecting tank, ecologically
conscious ventilation and fire suppression systems, and substantial use of recycled materials for
construction are some of its other sustainable characteristics. Based on their investigation, a smoke
control solution was devised that, with modest building design changes, would ensure safety and give
enough visibility. The analysis eliminated the need for more fans, several extra dampers, automated
vents and louvers, and other ventilation controls, saving an estimated $300,000 in construction
expenses.
25
REFERENCES
AIA (2020). Austin Central Library. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://www.aia.org/showcases/6280244-austin-central-library
Arch Daily (2012). McHenry Library / Bora Architects. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://www.archdaily.com/306098/mchenry-library-boora-
architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
Architect Magazine (2018). Tulsa City-County Central Library. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/tulsa-city-county-central-library_o
Arup (n.d.). The embodiment of a new library for the 21st century. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://www.arup.com/projects/seattle-central-library
Better Future Awards (n.d.). Macquarie University Library. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://betterfutureawards.com/sda2012/project.asp?ID=11134
Bredstein, H. (2022, August 5). Top six of Taipei’s most beautiful libraries – Discover Taiwan –
medium. Medium. https://medium.com/discover-taiwan/top-six-of-taipeis-most-beautiful-libraries-
a53c45a3e354
Canda, C. (2023). The 2021 most innovative library design in the Philippines. We Build Partnerships!
| WITS. https://webcodeits.com/the-largest-state-university-library-in-mindanao/
26
Carballo, K. J., & Calilung, V. V. (2021). Library Space Design Framework: A Conceptual Analysis.
Asia Pacific Social Science Review, 21(2). Retrieved from https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/pdf/research/journals/apssr/2021-June-vol21-2/18-Library-Space-Design-
Framework-A-Conceptual-Analysis
Deng, Q. et al. (2017). The Role of the Library Café as a Learning Space: A Comparative Analysis of
Three Universities. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/285325/1/Content.pdf?accept=1
Educational, cultural, and recreational services of the Public Library for Adults on JSTOR. (n.d.).
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4307021
Hernandez, D. (2019). Charles Library at Temple University / Snøhetta. Retrieved on July 26, 2023
from https://www.archdaily.com/925180/charles-library-at-temple-university-snohetta
Library|Boston (2017). EAST BOSTON BRANCH OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

AWARDED PRESTIGIOUS LEED® GREEN BUILDING CERTIFICATION. Retrieved on July 26,
2023 from https://www.boston.gov/news/east-boston-branch-boston-public-library-awarded-
prestigious-leedr-green-building
MSRDesign (n.d.). Tulsa City-County Central Library. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://msrdesign.com/case-study/tulsa-central-library-2/
Rote, L. (2018). How Library and School Design in Bogotá is Changing. Retrieved on July 26, 2023
from https://gbdmagazine.com/school-design-bogota/
27
Rote, L. (2021). 6 Green Libraries with Inspiring Designs. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from
https://gbdmagazine.com/green-libraries/
Sáenz, L. (2023). Architecture Classics: Virgilio Barco Library / Rogelio Salmona. Retrieved on July
26, 2023 from https://www.archdaily.com/1000228/architecture-classics-virgilio-barco-library-
rogelio-salmona
Taiwan Today (2015). Beitou library makes coolest green building list. Retrieved on July 26, 2023
from https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=10&post=21499
Tulsa Library (n.d.). Tulsa City-County Library Receives LEED Gold Certification. Retrieved on July
26, 2023 from chttps://www.tulsalibrary.org/press-release/tulsa-city-county-library-receives-leed-
gold-certification
Yap, A. (2022). 10 LIBRARY CAFES IN METRO MANILA FOR BOOKWORMS & AVID
READERS. Retrieved on July 26, 2023 from https://www.tripzilla.ph/library-cafes-metro-
manila/34031/
Philippine Association of School Librarians, Inc. (PASLI). (2009). Standards for Philippine Libraries.
Retrieved from https://paslinews.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/standards-for-philippine-school-
libraries.pdf
Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). (n.d.). Library. Retrieved from

https://www.wbdg.org/space-types/library
28
Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG). (n.d.). Public Library. Retrieved from
https://www.wbdg.org/building-types/libraries/public-library
29

ARDESIGN5 - Community Library Research Work - Camus, Foronda, Poblacio

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ARDESIGN5 - Community Library Research Work - Camus, Foronda, Poblacio

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

School of Engineering and Architecture

Library as Social Architecture:

Camus, Chelo Cheska

1 LIBRARY DESIGN .................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Basic Spaces in the Library ....................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Benchmarked Projects ............................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Pre-Pandemic Vs Post Pandemic Library ...........................................................................6

1.5 IATF Safety Guidelines Applied in Library Design .............................................................8

1.6 Building Codes .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.6.1 The National Building Code ....................................................................................... 9

1.7 Green Building Design Applicable to Library Design ............................................................ 19

1.2 Basic Spaces in the Library

Divisions found in the Library:

1. Reader’s Services Division

o Collection Development – systematic assessment, selection, and deselection of

3. Library Extension Division

o General Services – provides basic services to library users such as circulation,

1.3 Benchmarked Projects

1.3.1 Quezon City Public Library | Metro Manila, Philippines

1.3.2 McHenry Library | California, United States

1.3.3 Beitou Public Library | Taipei, Taiwan

1.4 Pre-Pandemic Vs Post Pandemic Library

The differences between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic libraries:

1.4.1 Cebu City Central Library | Cebu City, Philippines (Pre-Pandemic)

1.5 IATF Safety Guidelines Applied in Library Design

1.6 Building Codes

1.6.1 The National Building Code

RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ALL BUILDINGS

SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified

occupancy and shall be classified as follows:

iii. Group C – Education and Recreation

Table VII.1. Schedule of Principal, Accessory and Conditional Use/Occupancy of

SECTION 704. Location on Property

4. Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements

b. If without a firewall, the footprint of a proposed building/structure shall be measured horizontally

SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

2. Determination of Building Height:

Table VII.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use or Occupancy

4. Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements

RULE VIII - LIGHT AND VENTILATION

4. Minimum Requirements for Total Open Spaces within Lot (TOSL)

of both types of open spaces.

SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights

SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

1. Minimum air space shall be provided as follows:

c. Habitable Rooms – 14.00 cu. meters of air space per person

SECTION 808. Window Openings

SECTION 809. Vent Shafts

SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights

SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation

minimum requirements in air changes as shown in Table VIII.4. hereafter.

ii. ventilation and window opening requirements;

iii. percentage of site occupancy;

iv. floor area ratio; and

v. building height limit (BHL).

At least two (2) conditions must be satisfied for exception to be granted.

1.7 Green Building Design Applicable to Library Design

i. Charles Library | Philadelphia, United States

i. Austin Central Library | Texas, United States

i. East Boston Public Library | Massachusetts, United States