Electric charge and fields

Answer the following questions briefly

1. Define electric flux. Write its SI unit and dimensional formula.

2.

3. The lightning bolt

As a thundercloud billows, rising ice crystals collide with falling hailstones. The hail strips electrons from the
rising ice and the top of the cloud becomes predominantly positive, while the bottom is mostly negative.
Negative charges in the lower cloud repel negative charges on the ground. Electric fields build and a spark
ignites a cloud-to-ground lightning flash through a potential difference of hundreds of millions of volts. The
lightning bolt featured in Figure dramatically demonstrates that when a charge is placed in an electric field, it
will move. The potential to move implies the existence of stored energy.Tremendous amounts of electric energy
are “stored” in the electric fields created by the separation of charge between thunderclouds and the ground.
This energy is often released in the “explosion” of a lightning bolt.
4.
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. Why is electric field zero inside a charged conductor?
2) Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops?
3) Draw lines of force to represent a uniform electric field?
4) Two equal balls having equal positive charge ‘q’ coulombs are suspended by two insulating strings of equal
length. What would be the effect on the force when a plastic sheet is inserted between the two?
5) Force between two-point charges kept at a distant d apart in air F. If these charges are kept at the same
distance in water how does the electric force between them change?
2 MARK QUESTION
1.A system has two charges qA = 2.5 × 10–7 C and qB = –2.5 × 10–7 C located at points A: (0, 0, –15 cm) and B:
(0, 0, +15 cm), respectively. What are the total charge and electric dipole moment of the system?
2. A metallic spherical shell has an inner radius R1 and outer radius R2. A charge Q is placed at the center of
the spherical cavity. What will be the surface charge density on (i) the inner surface and (ii) the outer surface?
3. Two dipoles made of charges + q and + Q respectively have equal dipole moments. Give the (i) ratio between
the separation of these two pairs of charges (ii) angle between the dipole axes of these two dipoles

3 MARK QUESTIONS
1) Define the term dipole moment of an electric dipole indicating its direction. Write its S.I unit. An electric
dipole is placed in a uniform electric field . Deduce the expression for the Torque acting on it.
2) Two point charges +q and +9q are separated by a distance of 10a. Find the point on the line joining the two
changes where electric field is zero?
3) A thin conducting spherical shell of radius R has charge Q spread uniformly over its surface. Using Gauss’s
law, derive an expression for an electric field at a point outside the shell. Draw a graph of electric field E(r) with
distance r from the centre of the shell for 0 ≤ r ≤ ∞
4) A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge. If the electric field 20 cm from the centre of
the sphere is and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere.
5 MARK QUESTIONS
1)What will be the total flux through the faces of the cube as given in the figure with side of length a if a charge
q is placed at?

(a) A a corner of the cube

(b) B mid-point of an edge of the cube
(c) C centre of a face of the cube
(d) D mid-point of B and C

2) Two point charges qA = 3 µC and qB = –3 µC are located 20 cm apart in vacuum. (a) What is the electric field
at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges? (b) If a negative test charge of
magnitude 1.5 × 10–9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced by the test charge?

3) State Gauss’s law in electrostatics. Using this law obtain the expression for electric field due to an infinitely
long straight thin charged wire with uniform linear charge density λ C/m.