CHAPTER 7: The p- Block elements

1. Explain the preparation of ammonia by Haber’s 4. Write any three anomalous behaviour of Nitrogen. 12. Structures of oxyacids of chlorine and sulphur:
process. Ans: i) Nitrogen exist as diatomic molecule (N2)
1. HClO: 2. HClO2: Clorous 3. HClO3: Chloric acid
Ans: Ammonia is prepared by reacting Nitrogen with whereas other elements of this group are poly-atomic.
Hypoclorous acid HO
hydrogen, N2  3H2 Fe oxide
 2NH3
ii) Nitrogen has maximum covalency 4 due to non-
700 K,200 atm
availability of d-orbitals acid Cl Cl O
Conditions for the formation of ammonia are iii) Hydrides of nitrogen can form hydrogen bonds. Cl-OH O OH
(i) Pressure of 200 atm (ii) Temperature of 700 K O
(iii) Iron oxide as a catalyst with small amounts of K2O 5. Write any three anomalous behaviour of oxygen. 4. HClO4: Per Chloric 5. Sulphurous acid (H2SO3)
and Al2O3. Ans: i) Oxygen exists as diatomic molecule (O2) whereas acid
Flow chart for the manufacture of ammonia: other elements of this group are poly-atomic. O
ii) Oxygen has maximum covalency 4 due to non- OH
availability of d-orbitals Cl
iii) Hydrides of oxygen can form hydrogen bonds. O O

6. Write any three anomalous behaviour of fluorine. 6. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 7. Oleum (H2S2O7) or
O pyrosulphuric acid
Ans: i) Most of the reactions of fluorine are exothermic
O O
ii) It forms only one oxoacid while other halogens form a S
O OH
number of oxoacids HO S S
O O
iii) Hydrogen fluoride is a liquid due to strong hydrogen HO
O
HO
bonding. Other hydrogen halides are gases.
7. Describe the preparation of ozonised oxygen with an 13. Important equations which can be asked for Complete
2. Explain the preparation of Nitric acid by Ostwald’s the following equation type of questions:
process. equation. Name the ozonized product obtained when the
Ans: Step 1: Mixture of NH3 and air is passed over ozone reacts with lead sulphide. (i) 2 NaOH  Cl2 
 NaCl + NaOCl + H2O
(cold and dilute)
Ans: When a slow dry stream of oxygen is passed through
platinum or rhodium gauze catalyst at 500K and 9
a silent electrical discharge, ozone is formed. (ii) 6 NaOH  3Cl2 
 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
bar pressure, forms nitric oxide (hot and conc.)
3O2   2O3
4NH3  5O2 
 4NO  6H2O (iii) 2 FeSO4 +H2SO4 +Cl2 
 Fe2(SO4)3 +2HCl
Pt . Rh gauze

Product is lead sulphate or PbSO4

Step 2: Nitric oxide combines with oxygen forms NO2 (iv) Cl2 + 3 F2 
 ClF3
8. Which hydrogen halide is most acidic? Why?
2NO  O2  2NO2 (excess)
Ans: HI is most acidic because it has very low bond
Step 3: NO2 dissolved in water to form nitric acid dissociation enthalpy. (v) 8 NH3 +3Cl2 
 6NH4Cl + N2
3NO2  H2O  2HNO3  NO (excess)
9. How chlorine is prepared by using KMnO4?
3. Give the principle involved in the manufacture of Ans: By action of conc. HCl on KMnO4 forms Cl2 gas (vi) 3Cl2 + NH3 
 NCl3 + 3HCl
(excess)
H2SO4 by contact process with equation. 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 
 2KCl +2MnCl2 +8H2O + 5Cl2
Ans : Step 1: Burning of sulphur or sulphide ores in air to 14. Mention the main commercial source of helium.
10. How do you prepare Cl2 by Deacon’s process?
generate SO2. Ans: Natural gas
Ans: Cl2 is prepared by oxidation of hydrogen chloride
Step 2: Conversion of SO2 to SO3 : The condition for this gas by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of CuCl2 15. Name the noble gas obtained as the decay product of
reaction is pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 720 K (catalyst) at 723 K. 226
and catalyst is V2O5 Ra.
4HCl + O2   2Cl2 + 2H2
CuCl 2
V2O5 or platinised asbestos Ans: Radon or Rn
2SO2  O2 
720 K,2bar
 2SO3 :
11. How do you prepare phosphine from white phosphorus? 16. Which noble gas is more abundant in atmospheric dry
Step (iii) absorption of SO3 in H2SO4 to give Oleum Ans: Phosphine is prepard by boiling white phosphorous air? Ans: Argon or Ar
(H2S2O7). SO3 + H2SO4   H2S2O7 (Oleum) with NaOH solution.
17. Which noble gas does not occur in atmosphere?
Dilution of oleum with water gives H2SO4 P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O   PH3 + 3NaH2PO2 Ans: Radon or Rn