Otranto Strait Italy and Adriatic Sea

Albania and Ionian

Sea

SOILS
SoilsIN INDIA
in India

Soil MessinaCharacteristics
Italy and The Rich Poor Crops Areas/Formation
Strait Sicily Tyrrhenian
Alluvial Light to Ash grey – shades depend of Potassium, Nitrogen, Wheat, Depositional soil
Sea
depth of deposition, texture, and the Lime,
time phosphorus rice, Indo-Gangetic
takes for maturity Ionian Sea, Humus maize, Plains, Deltas of
Sandy Loam to clayey within the pulses, East coast, narrow
central sugarcane corridor in
Mediterranean
Moderately porous & permeable Rajasthan, and
plains of Gujarat
Sand decreases from West to East - 40% of the
More loamy & clayey in the lower & country’s total
middle Ganga plain & Brahmaputra area
Bonifacio
valley Corse Both sides
Strait (France) Mediterranean
Khadar – new,
and fine; BhangarSea– old,
coarse. Both these
Sardinia contain Kankars
Black Clayey, deep & impermeable
(Italy) Lime, Iron, Nitrogen, Cotton, Most of Deccan
Magnesia, Phosphorus, cereals, Plat. – MP, Maha,
(Regur) high moisture retention Alumina & organic oilseeds Andhra, Guj,
potash matter some parts of TN
self-ploughing
Red & Red due to Iron in crystalline and Nitrogen, Wheat, Low rainfall areas
Yellow metamorphic rocks Phosphorus, cotton, of E & S parts of
Yellow – hydrated form humus pulses, Deccan Plat.
YucatanFine grained Mexico and Gulf
ones (lowland) are of tobacco, Parts of Odisha,
Strait fertile whereas
Cubacoarse grained
Mexicofoundand potato CG and in S parts
in dry upland areas are poortheinCaribbean of middle ganga
fertility Sea plain
Porous, Irrigable,
Florida Strait USA and low water retention
Gulf of
Laterite Not fit for Cuba
cultivation Mexico and Iron oxide, Organic Rice, ragi, High temp &
Fertilizer used the Atlantic Potash content, plantation Rainfall tropical
Intense leaching – lime andOcean
silica are Nitrogen, crops, highlands – CG &
leached away Phosphorus, sugarcane, MP & hilly areas
Humus content removed by bacteria Calcium cashew of Odisha,
Bauxite mining nuts Assam,
Bricks in house construction Meghalaya,
Not suitable for cultivation

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 Eastern Ghats,
Western Ghats
Otranto Strait Italy and Adriatic Sea
Albania and Ionian
Red laterites of
Sea TN, Andhra,
Kerala –cashew
nuts are grown
here

Desert Red to brown Phosphorus Nitrogen, Drought Arid, semi-arid

Humus, and salt regions Western
MessinaSandy, coarse
Italy and The resistant, Rajasthan,
Alluvial + Loessic deposits barley, Kachch, Punjab,
Strait Sicily Tyrrhenian
millets Haryana
Sea and the
Saline, low moisture – Phosphate and
Nitrogen addition makes itIonian
fertile Sea,
within the
central
Kankars in lower layer because
Calcium increases in lowerMediterranean
horizon –
restricts infiltration of water
Forest & Varies as per environment Humus (due Phosphorus, Plantation, Forest areas with
Mountain Dark color to cold Potassium, temperate sufficient rainfall
Lower Valley – loamy & Silty - weather) Lime fruits – J&K, HP,
Bonifacio
fertile Corse Both sides Uttarakhand,
Strait Upper – coarse
(France) Mediterranean North East, West
Snow capped and areas – acidic
Seaand low Bengal, Sikkim
humus dueSardinia
to denudation
Peaty Black, Acidic, Heavy Humus – up Phosphorus, Gleization [high
(Italy)
to 40-50% Potassium rainfall +
Used for peat mining humidity]
Northern Bihar,
At many places Alkaline also Uttarakhand,
Coastal West
Bengal, Odisha,
Tamil Nadu
Saline-Al
YucatanSandy to Loamy
Mexico and Gulf of Salts- Nitrogen, Arid and
kaline/
Strait Infertile [saline]
Cuba – gypsumMexico and Sodium,
added Calcium semi-arid Punjab,
Usara Potassium, Haryana, UP
the Caribbean
soils Capillary action Magnesium –Over irrigation
Sea in
FloridaEvapotranspiration
Strait USA andis greaterGulf of
than
Cuba
precipitation Mexico and Rajasthan
the Atlantic –Kutcha canals
Dry climate + poor drainage areas
Ocean
Gujarat, West
Also called as: Bengal Deltas –
Reh – Punjab/Indo-Gangetic Seawater
Kallar intrusion

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