Contemporary Business Mathematics Canadian 11th Edition Hummelbrunner Solutions Manual 1

Contemporary Business Mathematics Canadian
11th Edition by Hummelbrunner Halliday

Hassanlou Coombs ISBN 0134141083
9780134141084
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Chapter 3 Ratio, Proportion, and Percent
Exercise 3.1
A. 1. (a) 12 : 32 = 3: 8
(b) 84 : 56 = 3: 2
(c) 15 : 24 : 39 = 5 :8 :13
(d) 21: 42 : 91 = 3: 6 :13
12 dimes 120 cents 24

2. (a) = =
5 quarters 125 cents 25
15 hours 15 hours 5
(b) = =
3 days 72 hours 24
6 seconds 6 3
(c) = =
50 metres 50 25
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

88 ISM for Hummelbrunner/Halliday/Coombs, Contemporary Business Mathematics, Eleventh Canadian Edition
72 6
(d) $72 per dozen = =
12 1
(e) 40 :12 :14 = 20 : 6 : 7
(f) 2 : 24 : 5000 = 1:12 : 2500
1.25 125 5
3. (a) = =
4 400 16
2.4 24 2
(b) = =
8.4 84 7
(c) 0.6 : 2.1: 3.3
= 6 : 21: 33
= 2 : 7 :11
(d) 5.75 : 3.50 :1.25
= 575 : 350 :125
= 23 :14 : 5
1 2
(e) : = 5: 4
2 5
5 7
(f ) : = 25 : 21
3 5
3 2 3
(g) : :
8 3 4
= 9 :16 :18
2 4 5
(h) : :
5 7 14
= 28 : 40 : 25
2 3 5
(i) : :
5 4 16
= 32 : 60 : 25
3 1 17
(j) : :
7 3 21
= 9 : 7 :17

CHAPTER 3: Ratio, Proportion, and Percent 89
5 1
(k) 8 :11
8 2
69 92
= :
8 8
= 69 : 92
3 7
(l) 1 :3
4 16
28 55
= :
16 16
= 28 : 55
1 1
(m) 2 :4
5 8
11 33
= :
5 8
= 88 :165
= 8 :15
1 5
(n) 5 :5
4 6
21 35
= :
4 6
= 63 : 70
= 9 :10
Food Cost 40% 8
B. 1. = =
Beverage Cost 35% 7
Commissions $2500 1
2. = =
Sales $87 500 35
3. Supervisors : office employees : production workers
= 6 : 9 : 36
= 2 : 3 :12
4. Direct material : direct labour : overhead
= $4.25 : $2.75 : $3.25
= 425 : 275 : 325
= 17 :11:13
Instructors 8 1
5. = = = 1: 29
Students 232 29

6. Lecture : study : travel

= 20 : 45 : 5
= 4 : 9 :1
C. 1. A : B : C := 9 : 2 :1
Total number of shares is 12.
Value of each share = $3060  12 = $255
A receives 9  255 = $2295
B receives 2  255 = $ 510
C receives 1 255 = $ 255
2. Department A : Department B : Department C : Department D
= 1000 : 600 : 800 : 400
= 10 : 6 : 8 : 4
= 5:3: 4: 2
Total number of parts = 14
$21 000
Value of each part = = $1500
14
Allocation:
Department A : 5 1500 = $7500
Department B : 3 1500 = $4500
Department C : 4 1500 = $6000
Department D : 2 1500 = $3000
5 1 1
3. Ratio = : : = 15 : 8 : 4
8 3 6
Value of each part = $9450  27 = $350
Distribution:
Manufacturing: 15  350 = $5250
Selling: 8  350 = $2800
Administration: 4  350 = $1400
4. Northern : Eastern : Western

= $10.8 : $8.4 : $14.4
= 108 : 84 :144
= 9 : 7 :12


Value of each part:
$588 000
= $21 000
28
Allocation:
Northern Division: 9  21 000 = $189 000
Eastern Division: 7  21 000 = $147 000
Western Division: 12  21 000 = $252 000
5. Raw Materials : Work-in-Process : Finished Goods

= 1/ 3 :1/ 6 : 3 / 8
= 8 / 24 : 4 / 24 : 9 / 24
= 8:4:9
Value of each part:
$11 550 000
= $550 000
21
Allocation:
Raw Materials: 8  550 000 = $4 400 000
Work in Process: 4  550 000 = $2 200 000
Finished Goods: 9  550 000 = $4 950 000
6. New : Used : Servicing : Administration

= 1/ 8 : 1/ 4 : 1/2 : 1/16
= 2 /16 : 4 /16 : 8/16 : 1/16
= 2 : 4 : 8 :1
Value of each part:
$480 000
= $32 000
15
Allocation:
New: 2  32 000 = $64 000
Used: 4  32 000 = $128 000
Servicing: 8  32 000 = $256 000
Administration: 1 32 000 = $32 000
Total allocated $480 000

Exercise 3.2
A. 1. 3: n = 15: 20
15n = 20  3
20  3
n=
15
n= 4
2. n : 7 = 24 : 42
42n = 24  7
24  7
n=
42
n= 4
3. 3 : 8 = 21: x
3 x = 21 8
21 8
x=
3
x = 56
4. 7 : 5 = x : 45
5 x = 45  7
45  7
x=
5
x = 63
5. 1.32 :1.11 = 8.8 : k
1.32k = 1.11 8.8
1.11 8.8
k=
1.32
k = 7.4
6. 2.17 :1.61 = k : 4.6
1.61k = 4.6  2.17
4.6  2.17
k=
1.61
k = 6.2

7. m : 3.4 = 2.04 : 2.89

2.89m = 2.04  3.4
2.04  3.4
m=
2.89
m = 2.4
8. 3.15 : m = 1.4 :1.8
1.4m = 1.8  3.15
1.8  3.15
m=
1.4
m = 4.05
3 7 15
9. t: = :
4 8 16
15 3 7
t= 
16 4 8
3 7 16
t=  
4 8 15
7
t=
10
3 5 4
10. :t = :
4 8 9
5 3 4
t= 
8 4 9
3 4 8
t=  
4 9 5
8
t=
15
9 3 8
11. : =t:
8 5 15
3 8 9
t= 
5 15 8
8 9 5
t=  
15 8 3
t=1

16 4 15
12. : = :t
7 9 14
16 15 4
t= 
7 14 9
15 4 7
t=  
14 9 16
5
t=
24
B. 1. Let the number of months to earn $8.75 per share be x.
 $1.25 : 3 = 8.75 : x
1.25 x = 3(8.75)
x = 21
2. Let the tax assessment for a tax of $854 be $x.
$28 tax $854 tax
=
$1000 assessment $ x assessment
28 x = 854 000
x = 30 500
The assessment is $30 500.

3. Let the distance travelled on 75 litres be x km.

 9l : 72 km = 75l : x km
9 x = 72(75)
x = 600
The car can travel 600 km.
4. Let the supervision cost for 16 000 hours be $x.
$85 $x
=
64 hours 16 000 hours
64 x = 85  16 000
x = 21 250
The cost is $21 250.
5. (a) Let the total value before selling be $x.
5 : 6 = 3000 : x
5 x = 18 000
x = 3600
Total value was $3600.
(b) Let the value of the partnership be $y.
2 : 5 = 3600 : y
2 y = 18 000
y = 900
The value is $9000.
6. Let the original value of the slightly damaged part be $x.
1: 3 = 1300 : x
x = 3900
Let the total value be $y.
3 3900
=
8 y
3 y = 8  3900
y = 10 400
(a) 10 400
The value was $10 400.
5
(b)  10 400 = 6500
8
The value was $6500.

7. Let last year’s profit be $x.

4 $12 800 dividend
=
9 $ x profit
4 x = 9(12 800)
x = 28 800
Let revenue be $y.
2 28 800
=
7 y
2 y = 7(28 800)
y = 100 800
Last year’s revenue was $100 800.
8. Let material cost be $x.

1 15
=
3 x
x = 45
Let total cost be $y.
5 45
=
8 y
5 y = 8(45)
y = 72
Total cost is $72.
Exercise 3.3
A. 1. 0.40  90 = 36
2. 0.001 950 = 0.95
3. 2.50 120 = 300
4. 0.07  800 = 56
5. 0.03  600 = 18
6. 0.15  240 = 36
7. 0.005 1200 = 6
8. 3.00  80 = 240

9. 0.0002  2500 = 0.5
10. 0.005  500 = 2.5
11. 0.0025  800 = 2
12. 0.00875  3600 = 31.5

1
B. 1.  48 = $16
3
11
2.  400 = 11 50 = $550
8
2
3.  72 = 2  24 = $48
3
3
4.  24 = 3  3 = $9
8
5
5. 160 = 5  40 = $200
4
5
6.  720 = 5 120 = $600
6
5
7.  90 = 5  30 = $150
3
7
8.  42 = 7  7 = $49
6
1
9.  54 = $9
6
3
10. 180 = 3  45 = $135
4
4
11.  45 = 4 15 = $60
3
1
12.  440 = $110
4
36
C. 1. R= = 0.60 = 60%
60
54 3
2. R= = = 75%
72 4

920
3. R= = 1.15 = 115%
800
490
4. R= = 3.5 = 350%
140
6 1
5. R= = = 5%
120 20
11 1
6. R= = = 2.5%
440 40
132
7. R= = 6 = 600%
22
30 2 2
8. R= = = 66 %
45 3 3
150 5 2
9. R= = = 166 %
90 3 3
39 13 2
10. R= = = 216 %
18 6 3
D. 1. $60 = 30% of x
60 = 0.3x
x = $200
$36 12
2. R= = = 2.4 = 240%
$15 5
3. x = 0.1% of $3600
= 0.001  3600
= $3.60
4. 150% of x = $270
1.5 x = 270
x = $180
1
5. x= % of $612
2
1% → $6.12
1
% → $3.06
2

6. 250% of x = $300
2.5 x = 300
x = $120
7. 80 = 40% of x
80 = 0.4 x
x = 200
$120
8. R= = 2 = 200%
$60
1
9. x = % of $880
8
1% = $8.80
1
% = $1.10
8
180
10. R= = 0.40 = 40%
450
E. 1. Let the reduction be $x.
x = 40% of 70
x = 28
The reduction is $28.
2. Let labour cost be $x.
1
x = 37 % of 72
2
3
x =  72
8
x = 27
The labour cost is $27.
3. Let waste be $x.
x = 6% of 25 000
= 0.06  25 000
= 1500
The waste is $1500.

4. Let the deduction be $x.

2
x = 16 % of 18 600
3
1
=  18 600
6
= 3100
The deduction is $3100.
5. Let the budgeted sales be $x.
90% of x = 40 500
0.9 x = 40 500
x = 45 000
The sales budget is $45 000.
6. Let gross wages be $x.
4.95% of x = 53.46
0.0495 x = 53.46
x = 1080.00
The gross wages are $1080.00.
7. Let the original cost be $x.
The original cost is $60 000.
8. Let the prize be $x.

25% x = 28
1
x = 28
4
x = 112
The prize is $112.
9. Let Shari’s portion be $x.
x = 0.5% of 1200
x=6
Shari’s portion is $6.
10. Let the percentage be x.
x% of 45 = 18
x = 40%

Exercise 3.4
A. 1. x = 120 + 40% of 120

= 120 + 0.40  120
= 168
2. x = 900 − 20% of 900
= 900 − 0.2  900
= 720
3. x = $1200 − 5% of $1200
= 1200 − 0.05  1200
= $1140
4. x = $24 + 200% of $24
= 24 + 2  24
= $72
1
5. x = 48 + 83 % of 48
3
5
= 48 +  48
6
= 88
2
6. x = $66 − 16 % of $66
3
1
= 66 −  66
6
= $55
B. 1. Increase = 15
15 1
R= = = 50%
30 2
2. Decrease = $18
$18
R= = 0.2 = 20%
$90
3. Increase = $160
$160
R= = 2 = 200%
$80

4. Decrease = $55
$55 1 1
R= = = 33 %
$165 3 3
5. Decrease = $6
$6
R= = 0.02 = 2%
$300
6. Increase = $25
$25
R= = 0.0125 = 1.25%
$2000
7. x − 5% of x = $4.18
0.95 x = 4.18
x = $4.40
The original amount is $4.40.
8. x + 7% of x = $749
1.07 x = 749
x = 700
The original amount is $700.
Business Math News Box
1. There are 52 weeks per year whereby the employee works a 40-hour week.
Total hours worked during the year is 52  40 = 2080.
Hourly Rate Calculations
Location Financial Controller Human Resources Marketing Manager

Manager
Vancouver 99,937/2080 = $48.05 91,229/2080 = $43.86 79,785/2080 = $38.36
Calgary 124,113/2080 = 99,151/2080 = $47.67 91,921/2080 = $44.19

$59.67
Toronto 110,436/2080 = 90,046/2080 = $43.29 90,878/2080 = $43.69

$53.09
Montreal 110,156/2080 = 82,455/2080 = $39.64 88,547/2080 = $42.57

$52.96

National Average 104,622/2080 = 90,589/2080 = $43.55 86,541/2080 = $41.61

$50.30

2. Dollar and percentage differences by job function:

Financial Controller
National Average – Vancouver = $ difference % difference

$104,622 – $99,937 = ($4,685) = –4685/104622 –0.044780 – 4.48%
National Average – Calgary = $ difference % difference
$104,622 – $124,113 = $19,491 = 19941/104622 0.186299 18.63%
National Average – Toronto = $ difference % difference
$104,622 – $110,436 = $5,814 = 5814/104622 0.055571 5.56%
National Average – Montreal = $ difference % difference
$104,622 – $110,156 = $5,534 = 5534/104622 0.052895 5.29%
Human Resources Manager

$90,589 – $91,229 = $640 = 640/90589 0.007065 0.71%
$90,589 – $99,151 = $8,562 = 8562/90589 0.094515 9.45%
$90,589 – $90,046 = ($543) = –543/90589 –0.005994 –0.60%
$90,589 – $82,455 = ($8,134) = –8134/90589 –0.089790 –8.98%
Marketing Manager

$86,541 – $79,785 = ($6,756) = – 6756/86541 –0.078067 –7.81%
$86,541 – $91,921 = $5380 = 5380/86541 0.062167 6.22%
$86,541 – $90,878 = $4,337 = 4337/86541 0.050115 5.01%
$86,541 – $88,547 = $2,006 = 2006/86541 0.023180 2.32%

3. Discrepancies between the national averages and specific metropolitan centres might be the
result of many factors, including:
• National average takes into account data supplies from all geographic locations.
• Lack of supply and/or high demand for specific jobs in geographic locations might cause
salaries to exceed the national average.
• Cost of living may influence wages in some geographic locations.
Exercise 3.5
A 1. Let the number of absentees be x.
1
x = 2 % of 1200
4
1% → 12
2% → 24
1
%→3
4
1
2 % → 27
4
The number absent is 27.
2. Let the gross profit be $x.
1
x = 33 % of 1575
3
1
=  1575
3
= 525
The gross profit is $525.
35 5 1
3. Increase = = = = 12.5%
280 40 8
8.72
4. Penalty = = 0.05 = 5%
174.40
5. Let the weekly sales be $x.
2
16 % of x = 720
3
1
x = 720
6
x = 4320
Weekly sales must be $4320.

6. Let the amount collected be $x.

75% of x = 2490
3
x = 2490
4
x = 3320
The amount collected was $3320.
7. (a) Let the policy value be $x.
3
% of x = 675
8
1
% of x = 225
8
1% of x = 1800
Face value is $180 000.
(b) Let appraised value be $y.

80% of y = 180 000
0.8 y = 180 000
y = 225 000
Appraised value is $225 000.
8. (a) Let the assessed value be $x.

1
3 % of x = 1200
3
1
x = 1200
30
x = 36 000
Assesed value is $36 000.
(b) Let the market value be $y.

40% of y = 36 000
0.4 y = 36 000
y = 90 000
Market value is $90 000.

B. 1. Let the selling price be $x.

1
7.92 + 83 % of 7.92 = x
3
5
7.92 +  7.92 = x
6
7.92 + 6.60 = x
x = 14.52
The article sold for $14.52.
2. Let the cash payment be $x.
1
x = 840 − 2 % of 840
2
= 840 − 21
= 819
Cash payment is $819.
3. Let the reduced price be $x.
1
x = 195 − 33 % of 195
3
1
= 195 −  195
3
= 195 − 65
= 130
The reduced price was $130.
4. Let the 2016 price be x dollars.
x = 1.299 − 24% of 1.299
= 1.299 (1 − 0.24)
= 1.299 (0.76)
= 0.987240
The 2016 price was 98.7 cents per litre ($0.987/L).
5. Let the cost before harmonized sales tax be $x.
13% of x = 9.62
0.13 x = 9.62
x = 74.00
The amount paid = 74.00 + 9.62 = $83.62.

6. Let the monthly salary be $x.

1
37 % of x = 880
2
3
x = 880
8
3 x = 7040
x = 2346.67
The monthly salary is $2346.67
7. Let the face value be $x.
1
4 % of x = 225
2
0.045 x = 225
x = 5000
The face value is $5000.
8. Let the amount of the purchase be $x.
1
2 % of x = 432
4
0.0225 x = 432
x = 19 200
The amount of the purchase was $19 200.
9. Decrease = 6540 − 1090 = 5450

5450 1
Rate = = 0.83&= 83 %
6540 3
1
Decrease in profit was 83 %.
3
10. Increase = 11.96 − 11.50 = 0.46
0.46
Rate = = 0.04 = 4%
11.50
The raise was 4%.
11. Gain in value = 178 500 − 42 000 = 136 500
136 500
Rate = = 3.25 = 325%
42 000

12. Reduction = 6% − 5.75% = 0.25%

0.25
Rate = = 0.0416&= 4.16%&
6
&
The reduction in rate is 4.16%.
13. Let the marked price be $x.
1
x − 33 % of x = 64.46
3
1
x − x = 64.46
3
2
x = 64.46
3
1
x = 32.23
3
x = 96.69
The marked price was $96.69.
14. Let the index ten years ago be x.
x + 125% of x = 279
5
x+ x = 279
4
9
x = 279
4
1
x = 31
4
x = 124
The index ten years ago was 124.
15. Let the invoice amount be $x.
x − 5% of x = 646
0.95 x = 646
x = 680
The invoice amount was $680.

16. Let April sales be $x.

2
x + 16 % of x = 24 535
3
1
x + x = 24 535
6
7
x = 24 535
6
1
x = 3505
6
x = 21 030
April sales were $21 030.
17. Let the second quarter working capital be $x.
x + 75% of x = 78 400
7
x = 78 400
4
1
x = 11 200
4
x = 44 800
Working capital at the end of the second quarter was $44 800.
18. Let the proceeds be $x.
x − 8% of x = 88 090
0.92 x = 88 090
x = 95 750
Fees = 8% of 95 750
= $7660
19. Let the compensation before vacation pay be $x.
x + 4% of x = 23 400
1.04 x = 23 400
x = 22 500
Vacation Pay = 4% of 22 500 = $900
20. Let the price of the car be $x.
x + 15% of x = 16 675
x + 0.15 x = 16 675
1.15 x = 16 675
x = 14 500
Sales tax = 15% of 14 500 = $2175

Exercise 3.6
A. 1. Let the number of US$ be x.
C$1 C$750.00
=
US$0.8168 US$ x
1 750.00
=
0.8168 x
x = 750.00(0.8168)
x = 612.60
C$750.00 will buy US$612.60
2. Let the number of C$ be x.
C$1 C$ x
=
US$0.8168 US$750.00
1 x
=
0.8168 750.00
750
x=
0.8168
x = 918.217434
US$750.00 will buy $918.22
3. Let the number of C$ be x.
C$1 C$ x
=
US$1.01 US$299.00
1 x
=
1.01 299.00
299.00
x=
1.01
x = 296.039604
The flight costs C$296.04
4. Let the cost per U.S. gallon be C$x.
C$1.2864 C$ x
=
US$1 US$2.465
1.2864 x
=
1 2.465
x = 2.2864(2.465)
x = 3.170976
U.S. gallon costs $3.171
3.171
Cost per litre = = C$0.834
3.8

B. 1. US$1 = C$1.3083
US$350.00 convert to 350(1.3083) = C$457.93
2. C$1 = 0.6940 €
C$200 convert to 200(0.6940) = 138.80 €
3. US$1 = 0.9870 Swiss francs
US$175.00 convert to 175(0.9870) = 172.73 Swiss francs
4. 1 UK pound = 186.2528 Japanese yen
250 UK pounds convert to 250 (186.2528) = 46563 yen
5. 1 € = C$1.4406
550 € convert to 550(1.4406) = C$792.33
Exercise 3.7
2.58
1. Simple price index for bread = (100) = 103.6145
2.49
220
Simple price index for a bus pass = (100) = 110.5528
199
1600
Simple price index for clothing = (100) = 96.9697
1650
Interpretation:
The price of bread increased 3.61% from 2013 to 2014.
The price of a bus pass increased 10.55% from 2013 to 2014.
The price of clothing decreased 3.03% from 2013 to 2014.
1407.39
2. Gold price index for 2010 = (100) = 100.00
1407.39
1781.78
Gold price index for 2011 = (100) = 126.6017
1407.39
1708.30
1407.39
1307.20
1407.39
1356.74
1407.39
1483.61
1407.39
Interpretation:
Relative to 2010, the price of gold increased 26.60% in 2011, 21.38% in 2012, and 5.42% in
2015. It decreased by 7.12% in 2013 and by 3.60% in 2014.

1
3. (a) (i) Purchasing power of dollar in 2012 relative to 2002 = (100) = 0.8217
121.7
1
(ii) Purchasing power of dollar in 2014 relative to 2002 = (100) = 0.7987
125.2
125.2
(b) Purchasing power of dollar in 2014 relative to 2012 = (100) = 1.0288
121.7
Nominal income
4. Real income = (100)
CPI
$50 000
2007 : Real income = (100) = $44 843.05
111.5
2009 : Real income = $60 000 /114.4(100) = $52 447.55
2013 : Real income = $65 000 /122.8(100) = $52 931.60
5. Inflation rate from 2011 to 2014
CPI 2014 − CPI 2011 (125.2 − 119.9)
= (100) = (100) = 4.4204%
CPI 2011 119.9
She would have to earn 4.4204% more, or $74 000(0.044204) = $3271.06 more.
Therefore, total she must earn in 2014 = 74 000 + 3271.06 = $77 271.06
Index in 2015 13 558.78
6. Factor decrease in index = = = 0.931986
Index in 2014 14 548.26
Therefore, value of portfolio on November 5, 2015 = $279 510 (0.931986) = $260 499.51
Exercise 3.8
1. Federal tax = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(49 450 – 44 701) = $6705.15 + $1044.78 = $7749.93
2. Federal tax = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(89 401 – 44 701) + 0.26(96 300 – 89 401)
= $6705.15 + $9834 + $1793.74 = $18 332.89
3. Total income = $32 920 + $17 700 = $50 620
Federal tax = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(50 620 – 44 701) = $6705.15 + $1302.18 = $ 8007.33
($83 000 − $75 000) $8000
4. (a) Percent increase in pay before federal taxes = = = 10.6%
&
$75 000 $75 000
(b) Federal taxes on $75 000 = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(75 000 – 44 701)
= $6705.15 + $6665.78 = $13 370.93
Federal taxes on $83 000 = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(83 000 – 44 701)
= $6705.15 + $8425.78 = $15 130.93

Percent increase in pay after federal taxes
=
( $83 000 − $15 130.93) − ( $75 000 − $13 370.93)
($75 000 − $13 370.93)
($67 869.07 − $61 629.07) $6240
= = = 10.125%
$61 629.07 $61 629.07
Review Exercise
1. (a) 25 dimes:3 dollars = 250 : 300 = 5 : 6
(b) 5 hours:50 minutes = 300 : 50 = 6 :1

(c) $26.75 : 30 litres = 2675 : 3000 = 107 : 120
(d) $21: 3.5 hours = 210 : 35 = 30 : 5 = 6 :1
(e) 1440 words:120 lines:6 pages = 240 : 20 :1
(f ) 90 kg:24 ha: 18 weeks = 15 : 4 : 3

2. (a) 5 : n = 35 : 21
5 35
=
n 21
21 5 = 35n
21 5
n=
35
n=3
(b) 10 : 6 = 30 : x
10 30
=
6 x
10 x = (30)(6)
(30)(6)
x=
10
x = 18
(c) 1.15 : 0.85 = k :1.19
0.85k = 1.15 1.19
1.15  1.19
k=
0.85
k = 1.61

(d) 3.60 : m = 10.8 : 8.10

10.8m = 3.60  8.10
3.60  8.10
m=
10.8
m = 2.7
5 15 6
(e) : = :t
7 14 5
5 15 6
t= 
7 14 5
3 3 7
t=  
7 1 5
9
t=
5
9 5 45
(f ) y : = :
8 4 64
45 9 5
y= 
64 8 4
9 5 64
y=  
8 4 45
y=2
2
3. (a) 66 % of $168
3
2
= 168 = 2  56 = $112
3
1
(b) 37 % of $2480
2
3
=  2480 = 3  310 = $930
8
(c) 125% of $924
5
=  924 = 5  231 = $1155
4
1
(d) 183 % of $720
3
11
=  720 = 11120 = $1320
6

4. (a) 1% of $2664 = $26.64

1
% → $6.66
4
(b) 1% of $1328 = $13.28
1
% → $1.66
8
5
% → $8.30
8
(c) 1% of $5400 = $54.00
1
% → $18.00
3
2
% → $36.00
3
2
1 % → $90.00
3
(d) 1% of $1260 = $12.60
2% → $25.20
1
% → $2.52
5
1
2 % → $27.72
5
55 5
5. (a) Rate = = = 0.625 = 62.5%
88 8
63 7
(b) Rate = = = 1.75 = 175%
36 4
3
(c) x = % of $64.00
4
1% → $0.64
1
% → $0.16
4
3
% → $0.48
4
 x = $0.48
(d) 450% of $5.00 = x
x = 4.50  5 = $22.50

1
(e) $245 = 87 % of x
2
7
x = 245
8
1
x = 35
8
x = $280
1
(f) 2 % of x = $9.90
4
0.0225 x = 9.90
x = $440
$1.25 125 1
(g) Rate = = = = 0.02 = 2%
$62.50 6250 50
$30
(h) Rate = = 5 = 500%
$6
2
(i) 166 % of x = $220
3
 2
1 +  x = 220
3
5
x = 220
3
1
x = 44
3
x = $132
1
(j) $1.35 = % of x
3
1% of x = 3($1.35) = $4.05
x = $405
6. (a) $8 + 125% of $8 = x
8 + 10 = x
x = $18
1
(b) x = $2000 − 2 % of $2000
4
= 2000 − 45
= $1955

(c) Decrease = $120 − $100 = $20

$20 1 2
Rate of decrease = = = 16 %.
$120 6 3
(d) Increase = $975 − $150 = $825
$825
Rate of increase = = 5.50 = 550%.
$150
(e) $98 = x + 75% of x
1.75 x = 98
x = 56
The amount is $56.
(f) x − 15% of x = $289
0.85 x = 289
x = 340
The price was $340.
(g) x + 250% of x = $490
x + 2.5 x = 490
3.5 x = 490
x = 140
The sum of money is $140.
7. Total number of parts = $4000 + $6000 + $5000 = $15 000
Value of each part = $4500 / $15 000 = 0.30
Distribution of profit:
to D : 4000  0.30 = $1200
to E : 6000  0.30 = $1800
to F : 5000  0.30 = $1500
8. Total number of parts = 80 + 140 + 160 = 380
Rental allocation per part = 11 400 / 380 = 30
Allocation:
Department A : 80  30 = $2400
Department B : 140  30 = $4200
Department A : 160  30 = $4800

1 1 3 1 8 6 9 1
9. Ratio = : : : = : : : = 8 : 6 : 9 :1
3 4 8 24 24 24 24 24
Value of each part:
189 000
= 7875
24
Distribution of estate:
First beneficiary : 8  7875 = $63 000

Second beneficiary : 6  7875 = $47 250
Third beneficiary : 9  7875 = $70 875
Fourth beneficiary : 1  7875 = $7875
1 1 2 15 10 12
10. Ratio = : : = : : = 15 :10 :12
2 3 5 30 30 30
15 x + 10 x + 12 x = 185 000
x = 5 000
Value of each part:
185 000
= 5000
37
Allocation of fire loss:
Company 1: 15  5000 = $75 000
Company 2 : 10  5000 = $50 000
Company 3 : 12  5000 = $60 000
11. Let the number of minutes for the 176 L tank be x.

220 litres 20 minutes
=
176 litres x minutes
220 20
=
176 x
220 x = 20(176)
20(176)
x=
220
x = 16
It will take 16 minutes to heat the 176 L tank.

12. Let the variable cost for sales of $350 000 be $x.
$130 000 variable cost $ x variable cost
=
$250 000 sales $350 000 sales
130 000 x
=
250 000 350 000
25 x = 13(350 000)
13(350 000)
x=
25
x = 182 000
The variable cost for sales of $350 000 is $182 000.
2
13. (a) Net income = of gross profit
7
2
G = $4200
7
1
G = 2100
7
G = 14 700
Gross profit is $14 700.
2
(b) Gross profit = of net sales
5
2
N = $14 700
5
1
N = 7350
5
N = 36 750
Net sales are $36 750.
Faculty 5 x
14. = =
Support 4 192
192(5) = 4 x
x = 240
The number of faculty members is 240.
4
of total = 240
9
4
T = 240
9
4T = 240  9
240  9
T=
4
T = 540
Employment is 540.

1
15. (a) Number eligible = 62 % of 94 800
2
5
=  94 800
8
= 59 250
1
(b) Number voting = 33 % of 59 250
3
1
=  59 250
3
= 19 750
1
16. Bonds = 37 % of 150 000
2
3
= 150 000 = $ 56 250
8
1
Common = 56 % of 150 000
4
= 0.5625  150 000 = $ 84 375
Preferred = (100% − 37.5% − 56.25%)
= 6.25% of 150 000
= 0.0625  150 000 = $ 9375
Total = $150 000
17. (a) May order
2
= $51 120 − 16 % of $51 120
3
1
= 51 120 −  51 120
6
= 51 120 − 8520
= $42 600
(b) Decrease = $8520

18. (a) Appraised value

1
= $120 000 + 233 % of $120 000
3
7
= 120 000 +  120 000
3
= 120 000 + 280 000
= $400 000
(b) Gain = $280 000
19. (a) Material cost = $103.95 50.00%

Labour cost = 46.20 &
22.2%
Overhead = 57.75 27.7%
Total = $207.90 100.00%
$57.75
(b) Overhead rate = = 125%
$46.20
180 3
20. (a) Not passed = = = 7.5%
2400 40
(b) Scrapped as a percent of production not passed
30 1 2
= = = 16 %
180 6 3
21. (a) $Change = $56.25 − $51.75 = $4.50
$4.50
Change = = 0.08 = 8%
$56.25
(b) New price as a percent of old price
$51.75
= = 0.92 = 92%
$56.25
22. (a) Increase in pay
= $16.80 − $6.30 = $10.50
Percent change
$10.50 2
= = 1.6&= 166 %
$6.30 3
(b) Current pay as a percent of old pay
$16.80 2
= = 2.6&= 266 %
$6.30 3

1
23. Bad debts = 2 % of sales
4
$7875 = 0.0225S
S = 350 000
Sales are $350 000.
24. List price = 240% of cost
$396 = 2.40C
C = 165
Cost is $165.
1
25. 87 % of asking price = sale price
2
7
A = $191 100
8
A = $218 400
List = C + 160% of C
$218 400 = 2.60C
C = 84 000
Cost was $84 000.
26. 77.5% of list price = sale price
0.775 L = $15 500
L = 20 000
1
List = C + 33 % of C
3
4
$20 000 = C
3
C = 15 000
Cost was $15 000.
27. (a) Let revenue be $x.

3
 9 % of x = $29 250
4
0.0975 x = 29 250
x = $300 000

(b) After -tax income = $29 250 − 15% of $29 250

= 0.85(29 250)
= $24 862.50
(c) Dividend paid = 75% of $24 862.50

3
=  24 862.50
4
= $18 646.88
Alice's dividend 5
(d) =
Total dividend 8
x 5
 =
$18 646.88 8
x = $11 654.30
$11 654.30
Alice's dividend =
$29 250
= 0.398438 = 39.84%
28. (a) Let the asking price be $x.
2
 91 % of x = 330 000
3
11
x = $330 000
12
1
x = 30 000
12
x = $360 000
Let the cost be $y.
y + 350% of y = $360 000
4.5 y = 360 000
y = 80 000
The original cost was $80 000.
(b) Gain = $330 000 − $80 000 = $250 000
$250 000
(c) Percent gain = = 3.125 = 312.5%
$80 000

$310.61
29. (a) Exchange rate US$ per C$ = = 0.817395
$380
C$1 = US$0.817395
(b) C$725.00 = 725.00(0.817395) = US$592.61

30. Let the value of the coupon be US$x.
US$ x US$1
=
C$316.00 C$1.18
x 1
=
316.00 1.18
316
x= = 267.796610
1.18
The coupon has a value of US$267.80
$1
31. (a) Purchasing power of dollar = (100)
124.3
= 0.804505
(b) Real income = $62 900 (0.804505) = $50 603.38
32. Federal tax = 0.15(44 701) + 0.22(89 401 − 44 701) + 0.26(92 450 − 89 401)
= $6705.15 + $9834 + $792.74 = $17 331.89
$6000
33. (a) Percent increase in pay = = 8.8235%
$68 000
(b) Federal tax on $68 000 = 0.15(40 970) + 0.22(68 000 − 40 970) = $6145.50 + $5946.60
= $12 092.10
Net pay after federal tax = $68 000 − $12 092.10 = $55 907.90
Federal tax on $74 000 = 0.15(40 970) + 0.22(74 000 − 40 970) = $6145.50 + $7266.60
= $13 412.10
Net pay after federal tax = $74 000 − $13 412.10 = $60 587.90
Increase in net pay after federal tax = $60 587.90 − $55 907.90 = $4680
$4680
Percent increase = (100) = 8.37091%
$55 907.90

Self-Test
5
1. (a) 125% of $280 =  280 = 5  70 = $350
4
3
(b) % of $20 280 :1% → $202.80
8
1
% → $25.35
8
3
% → $76.05
8
1 5
(c) 83 % of $174 = 174 = 5  29 = $145.00
3 6
1
(d) 1 % of $1056 :1% → $ 10.56
4
1
% → $ 2.64
4
1
1 % → $13.20
4
2. (a) 65 : 39 = x :12
65 x
=
39 12
65  12
x= = 20
39
7 35 6
(b) : = :x
6 12 5
7 35 6
x= 
6 12 5
7 6
x=  = 3
2 7
3. Total in sample = 24 + 36 + 20 = 80
36 9
Brand Y preference = = = 0.45 = 45%
80 20
4. Total number of square metres = 40 + 80 + 300 = 420
25 200
Price per square metre = = $60
420
Amount paid by Department B = 80  60 = $4800

Beverage sales $9.60 96 4

5. = = =
Food sales $12.00 120 5
Let the budget for beverage sales be $x.
x 4
=
12 500 5
4
x = 12 500
5
x = 10 000
The monthly budget for beverage sales is $10 000.
2
6. Let the marked price be $x; then the price reduction is 16 % of x.
3
2
x − 16 % of x = $60
3
1
x − x = 60
6
5
x = 60
6
6
x = 60 
5
x = 72
The marked price is $72.
1 1 1 1 15 10 6 5
7. : : : = : : : = 15 :10 : 6 : 5
2 3 5 6 30 30 30 30
Total number of shares = 15 +10 + 6 + 5 = 36
Value of each share = $40 500  36 = $1125
First bonus : 15 1125 = $16 875
Second bonus : 10 1125 = $11 250

Third bonus : 6 1125 = $ 6 750
Fourth bonus : 5 1125 = $ 5 625
8. Raise = $12.54 − $11.00 = $1.54

$1.54
Percent raise = = 0.14 = 14%
$11.00

9. Let the price of the bicycle before taxes be $x; then the amount of HST is 13% of $x; the sales
value is x + 13% of x.
x + 13% of x = $282.50
x + 0.13 x = 282.50
1.13 x = 282.50
282.50
x=
1.13
x = $250
HST = 13% of $250 = $32.50
10. Price reduction = $220.00 − $209.00 = $11.00
$11.00
% reduction = = 0.05 = 5%
$220.00
11. Let the index 10 years ago be x; then the increase is 100% of x.
x + 100% of x = 360
x + x = 360
2 x = 360
x = 180
The index 10 years ago was 180.
2
12. Let Braid’s interest in the store be $x; then the amount sold by him is $ x.
3
2
x = $18 000
3
3
x = 18 000 
2
x = $27 000
3
Let the value of the store be $y; then the interest held by Braid before selling is $ y.
8
3
 y = $27 000
8
8
y = 27 000 
3
y = 72 000
The value of the store is $72 000.

13. (a) Let the number of Brazilian reals be x.

x BRL 1 BRL
=
C$1 C$0.5109
x 1
=
1 0.5109
x = 1.9573 BRL
C$1 costs 1.9573 BRL
(b) To buy C$500 costs 500(1.9573) = 978.65 BRL
14. Let the number of Canadian dollars be x.

C$ x C$1
=
$800.00 US$0.9850
x 1
=
800.00 0.9850
800
x= = $812.18
0.9850
US$800.00 costs C$812.18.
15. Purchasing power of dollar relative to 2002
1
= (100) = 0.880282
113.6
16. Federal tax = $6406.05 + 0.22($48 750 − $42 707) = $6406.05 + $1329.46 = $7735.51
Challenge Problems
1. Let each reduction in price be x percent;

then the net price after the first reduction is $25(1 − x);
and the net price after the second reduction is $25(1 − x)(1 − x).
$25(1 − x)(1 − x) = $16
16
(1 − x) 2 =
25
4
1− x =
5
1 − 0.80 = x
x = 0.20 = 20%
The two consecutive price reductions are 20% each.

2. Let the price per blue pair of socks be $x.;

then the price per pair of black socks is $2x.
Let the number of pairs of blue socks be y.
The value of the original order is $[4(2 x) + xy];
the value of the interchanged order is $[ y (2 x) + 4 x];
the increase in value is 50% of $[4(2 x) + xy];
4(2 x) + xy + 0.50[4(2 x) + xy ] = 2 xy + 4 x
8 x + xy + 4 x + 0.50 xy = 2 xy + 4 x
8 x = 0.50 xy
y = 16
The number of pairs of blue socks in the original order is 16.
The ratio of black socks:blue socks = 4 :16 = 1: 4
3. Let the amount of the annual salary be $x;
then the amount of salary after the 10% decrease is $0.90x;
the increase needed is $0.10x.
The percent increased based on the reduced salary
0.10 x
= (100) = 11.1%
0.90 x
Case Study
Gross business income = $42 350.00

Total business expenses = $4849.00
Total eligible home expenses = $20 770.00
1. (a) Eligible home expense claim based on area
45
= ($20 770.00) = $2709.13
345
(b) Eligible home expense claim based on number of rooms
1
= ($20 770.00) = $2596.25
8

2. Gross business income $42 350.00

Less: Business expenses $4849.00
Eligible home expenses 2709.13 7 558.13
Net business income $34 791.87
3. Federal tax: 15% of $34 791.87 $5218.78

Less non-refundable tax credit claim:15% of $11 138 1670.70
Basic federal tax $3548.08
4. Basic federal tax as a percent of gross business income
$3548.08
= = 0.083780 = 8.38%
$42 350.00
5. Basic federal tax as a percent of taxable income
$3548.08
= = 0.101980 = 10.20%
$34 791.87

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Contemporary Business Mathematics Canadian

11th Edition by Hummelbrunner Halliday

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Chapter 3 Ratio, Proportion, and Percent

(d) 21: 42 : 91 = 3: 6 :13

12 dimes 120 cents 24

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

(e) 40 :12 :14 = 20 : 6 : 7

(f) 2 : 24 : 5000 = 1:12 : 2500

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

6. Lecture : study : travel

4. Northern : Eastern : Western

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Total number of parts = 28

5. Raw Materials : Work-in-Process : Finished Goods

6. New : Used : Servicing : Administration

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

7. m : 3.4 = 2.04 : 2.89

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

3. Let the distance travelled on 75 litres be x km.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

7. Let last year’s profit be $x.

Last year’s revenue was $100 800.

8. Let material cost be $x.

Total cost is $72.

2. 0.001 950 = 0.95

3. 2.50 120 = 300

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

9. 0.0002  2500 = 0.5

10. 0.005  500 = 2.5

11. 0.0025  800 = 2

12. 0.00875  3600 = 31.5

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

4. Let the deduction be $x.

The original cost is $60 000.

8. Let the prize be $x.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

A. 1. x = 120 + 40% of 120

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

Hourly Rate Calculations

Location Financial Controller Human Resources Marketing Manager

Vancouver 99,937/2080 = $48.05 91,229/2080 = $43.86 79,785/2080 = $38.36

Calgary 124,113/2080 = 99,151/2080 = $47.67 91,921/2080 = $44.19

Toronto 110,436/2080 = 90,046/2080 = $43.29 90,878/2080 = $43.69

Montreal 110,156/2080 = 82,455/2080 = $39.64 88,547/2080 = $42.57

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

National Average 104,622/2080 = 90,589/2080 = $43.55 86,541/2080 = $41.61

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

2. Dollar and percentage differences by job function:

National Average – Vancouver = $ difference % difference

Human Resources Manager

National Average – Vancouver = $ difference % difference

National Average – Vancouver = $ difference % difference

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.