Developmental Mathematics 3rd Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual 1

Developmental Mathematics 3rd Edition
Martin Gay
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Chapter 6
Section 6.1 Practice Exercises 8. w and x are vertical angles. w and y
are corresponding angles, as are x and d.

1. Figure (a) is part of a line with one endpoint, so
→ So all of these angles have the same measure:
it is a ray. It is ray AB or AB . mx = my = md = mw = 45.
Figure (b) has two endpoints, so it is a line w and a are adjacent angles, as are w
segment. It is line segment RS or RS . and b, so ma = mb = 180 − 45 = 135.
Figure (c) extends indefinitely in two directions, a and c are corresponding angles so
 mc = ma = 135. c and z are vertical
so it is a line. It is line EF or EF .
angles, so mz = mc = 135.
Figure (d) has two rays with a common
endpoint, so it is an angle. It is HVT or Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.1
TVH or V .
1. A plane is a flat surface that extends indefinitely.
2. Two other ways to name z are RTS and
STR. 2. A point has no length, no width, and no height.
3. a. R is an obtuse angle. It measures between 3. Space extends in all directions indefinitely.
90 and 180.

4. A line is a set of points extending indefinitely in
b. N is a straight angle. It measures 180. two directions.
c. M is an acute angle. It measures between 5. A ray is part of a line with one endpoint.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 215
0 and 90. 6. An angle is made up of two rays that share a
common endpoint. The common endpoint is
d. Q is a right angle. It measures 90. called the vertex.
4. The complement of a 29 angle is an angle that 7. A straight angle measures 180.
measures 90 − 29 = 61.
8. A right angle measures 90.
5. The supplement of a 67 angle is an angle that
9. An acute angle measures between 0 and 90.
measures 180 − 67 = 113.
6. a. my = mADC − mBDC 10. An obtuse angle measures between 90 and
= 141 − 97 180.
= 44
11. Parallel lines never meet and intersecting lines
b. mx = 79 − 51 = 28 meet at a point.
c. Since the measures of x and y are 12. Two intersecting lines are perpendicular if they
between 0 and 90, they are both acute form right angles when they intersect.
angles.
13. An angle can be measured in degrees.
7. Since a and the angle marked 109 are
vertical angles, they have the same measure; so 14. A line that intersects two or more lines at
ma = 109. different points is called a transversal.
Since a and b are adjacent angles, their
15. When two lines intersect, four angles are formed.
measures have a sum of 180. So The angles that are opposite each other are called
mb = 180 −109 = 71. vertical angles.
Since b and c are vertical angles, they have
the same measure; so mc = 71. 16. Two angles that share a common side are called
adjacent angles.
216 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Developmental Mathematics Chapter 6: Geometry
17. WUV, VUW, U, x 30. 20 + 70 = 90, so CAD and DAE are
complementary. 63 + 27 = 90, so BAC and
18. straight angle; 180 EAF are complementary.
19. 180 − 17 = 163 32. 38 + 142 = 180, so there are 4 pairs of
supplementary angles: NMX and
20. intersect NMY , NMX and XMZ , YMZ and
Exercise Set 6.1 NMY , YMZ and XMZ.
2. The figure has two rays with a common end 34. mx = 150 − 48 = 102
point. It is an angle, which can be named GHI,
IHG, or H. 36. mx = 36 +12 = 48
4. The figure has one end point and extends 38. x and the angle marked 165 are
indefinitely in one direction, so it is a ray. It is supplementary, so mx = 180 −165 = 15.
→
ray ST or ST . y and the angle marked 165 are vertical
angles, so my = 165.
6. The figure extends indefinitely in two directions, x and z are vertical angles, so
 mz = mx = 15.
so it is a line. It is line AB, line t, or AB .
40. x and the angle marked 44 are
8. The figure has two end points, so it is a line
supplementary, so mx = 180 − 44 = 136.
segment. It is line segment PQ or PQ y and the angle marked 44 are vertical
10. Two other ways to name w are APC and angles, so my = 44.
CPA. x and z are vertical angles, so
mz = mx = 136.

12. Two other ways to name y are MPQ and
42. x and the angle marked 110 are vertical
QPM .
angles, so mx = 110.
x and y are corresponding angles, so
14. H is an acute angle. It measures between 0
and 90. my = mx = 110.
y and z are vertical angles, so

16. T is an obtuse angle. It measures between 90 mz = my = 110.
and 180.
44. x and the angle marked 39 are
18. M is a straight angle. It measures 180. supplementary, so mx = 180 − 39 = 141.
y and the angle marked 39 are corresponding
20. N is a right angle. It measures 90.
angles, so my = 39.
22. The complement of an angle that measures 77 is y and z are supplementary, so
an angle that measures 90 − 77 = 13. mz = 180 − my = 180 − 39 = 141.

Chapter 6: Geometry ISM: Developmental Mathematics
24. The supplement of an angle that measures 77 is 46. y can also be named CBD or DBC.
an angle that measures 180 − 77 = 103.
48. ABE can also be named EBA.

26. The complement of an angle that measures 22 is
an angle that measures 90 − 22 = 68. 50. mEBD = 45
28. The supplement of an angle that measures 130 52. mCBA = 15
is an angle that measures 180 − 130 = 50.

54. mEBC = mEBD + mDBC Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.2
= 45 + 50
= 95 1. Because the sum of the measures of the angles of
a triangle equals 180, each angle in an
56. mABE = mABC + mCBD + mDBE equilateral triangle must measure 60.
= 15 + 50 + 45
2. rectangular sold; shoeboxes, cereal boxes
= 110
Exercise Set 6.2
7 1 7 1 2 7 2 5
58. − = − = − =
8 4 8 42 8 8 8 2. The figure has eight sides, so it is an octagon.
7 1 7 4 74 7 1 4. The figure has three sides, so it is a triangle.

60.  =  = = or 3
8 4 8 1 24 2 2
6. The figure has three sides, so it is a triangle.
1 1 10 5
62. 3 + 2 = + 8. The figure has seven sides, so it is a heptagon.
3 2 3 2
10  2 5  3 10. No two sides of the triangle have the same
= +
3 2 2  3 length, so the triangle is scalene.
20 15
= + 12. Two sides of the triangle have the same length.
6 6
35 5 Also, one of the angles is a right angle.
= or 5 Therefore the triangle is an isosceles right
6 6 triangle.
1 1 10 5 2  5  5 25 1 14. All three sides of the triangle have the same
64. 3  2 =  = = or 8
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 length, so the triangle is equilateral.
66. The complement of an angle that measures 16. mx = 180−112− 28 = 40
53.13 is an angle that measures
90 − 53.13 = 36.87. 18. mx = 180− 80− 65 = 35
68. False; answers may vary 20. mx = 180− 20− 90 = 70
70. True, since 5 + 175 = 180.

4. The diameter is twice the radius.
d = 2  r = 2  7 mi = 14 mi
72. The sides of a rectangle are parallel. Thus, AB
and CD, as well as AC and BD are parallel.
74. answers may vary
76. no; answers may vary
Section 6.2 Practice Exercises
1. mx = 180− 25−110 = 45
2. my = 180− 90− 25 = 65
3. The radius is half the diameter.

r = d  2 = 16 in.  2 = 8 in.

22. A rectangle with all four sides equal is a square.
24. Half the diameter of a circle is its radius.
26. A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite

sides parallel is a trapezoid.
28. A triangle with no equal sides is a scalene

triangle.
30. d = 2  r = 2  3 = 6 mi
32. r = d  2 = 13  2 = 6.5 ft
34. d = 2  r = 2  7.8 = 15.6 in.
36. r = d  2 = 2.6  2 = 1.3 m
38. The solid is a cube.
40. The solid is a pyramid.

42. The solid is a sphere. 6. The unmarked horizontal side has length
20 m − 15 m = 5 m. The unmarked vertical side
44. The object has the shape of a cone. has length 26 m − 7 m = 19 m.
P = 15 m + 26 m + 20 m + 7 m + 5 m +19 m
46. The object has the shape of a cylinder.
= 92 meters
48. The object has the shape of a rectangular solid.
7. P = 2  l + 2  w
50. The object has the shape of a rectangular solid. = 2 120 feet + 2  60 feet
= 240 feet +120 feet
52. d = 2  r = 2  5.8 = 11.6 m = 360 feet
cost = $1.90 per foot  360 feet = $684
54. r = d  2 = 78  2 = 39 cm The cost of the fencing is $684.
56. d = 2  r  2  15 = 30 in. 8. a. C =   d =   20 yd = 20 yd  62.8 yd

The exact circumference of the watered
58. 4(87) = 348 region is 20 yards, which is approximately
62.8 yards.
60. 2(7.8) + 2(9.6) = 15.6 + 19.2 = 34.8
b. C =   d =   12 in. = 12 in.  37.68 in.
62. True; since all four sides of a square have the
The exact circumference of the clock face is
same length and all four angles are right angles,
a square is also a regular polygon. 12 inches, which is approximately
37.68 inches.
64. False; although two of the sides of a trapezoid Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.3
are parallel, the other two need not be.
1. The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the
66. True; since opposite sides of a rhombus are lengths of its sides.
parallel, a rhombus is also a parallelogram.
2. The distance around a circle is called the
68. answers may vary circumference.
Section 6.3 Practice Exercises 3. The exact ratio of circumference to diameter is

.
1. a. Perimeter = 12 m +12 m +15 m +15 m
= 54 meters 4. The diameter of a circle is double its radius.
22
b. Perimeter = 80 ft + 80 ft + 60 ft + 60 ft 5. Both (or 3.14) and  22 
are
3.14 or 
= 280 feet 7  7 
approximations for .
2. P = 2  l + 2  w
= 2  22 cm + 2 10 cm 6. The radius of a circle is half its diameter.

= 44 cm + 20 cm 7. Opposite sides of a rectangle have the same
= 64 centimeters measure, so we can just find the sum of the
measures of all four sides.
3. P = 4  s = 4  5 feet = 20 feet
8. the perimeter of a circle
4. P = a + b + c
= 5 cm +10 cm + 6 cm Exercise Set 6.3
= 21 centimeters 2. P = 2  l + 2  w
= 2 14 m + 2  5 m
5. Perimeter = 4 km + 6 km + 4 km + 9 km
= 28 m +10 m
= 23 kilometers
= 38 m
The perimeter is 38 meters.

4. P = 2 yd + 3 yd + 2 yd + 3 yd = 10 yd 28. P = 2  l + 2  w
The perimeter is 10 yards. = 2 85 ft + 2  70 ft
= 170 ft +140 ft
6. P = a + b + c
= 310 ft
= 5 units +10 units +11 units
310 ft  $2.36 per foot = $731.60
= 26 units
The cost is $731.60.
The perimeter is 26 units.
8. Sum the lengths of the sides. 30. The unmarked vertical side has length
P = 10 m + 4 m +10 m + 9 m + 20 m +13 m 13 in. − 6 in. = 7 in.
The unmarked horizontal side has length
= 66 m
30 in. − 13 in. = 17 in.
P = 13 in. +13 in. + 30 in. + 7 in. +17 in. + 6 in.
10. All sides of a regular polygon have the same = 86 in.
length, so the perimeter is the number of sides The perimeter is 86 inches.
multiplied by the length of a side.
P = 4  50 m = 200 m 32. The unmarked vertical side has length
The perimeter is 200 meters. (2 + 4 + 3) cm = 9 cm.
The width of the figure in the vertical section of
12. All sides of a regular polygon have the same height 4 cm is 16 − 11 = 5 cm. So the unmarked
length, so the perimeter is the number of sides horizontal side has length (9 − 5) cm = 4 cm.
multiplied by the length of a side. P = (16 + 2 +11+ 4 + 4 + 3 + 9 + 9) cm = 58 cm
P = 6  15 yd = 90 yd
The perimeter is 58 centimeters.
The perimeter is 90 yards.
34. The unmarked vertical side has length

14. P = a + b + c (22 + 5) km = 27 km.
= 8 in. +12 in. +10 in. The unmarked horizontal side has length
= 30 in. (12 + 6) km = 18 km
The perimeter is 30 inches. P = (18 + 27 + 6 + 5 + 12 + 22) km = 90 km
The perimeter is 90 kilometers.
16. P = 4  s = 4  90 ft = 360 ft
The player will run 360 feet. 36. C = 2    r = 2    2.5 in. = 5 in.  15.7 in.
The circumference is exactly 5 inches or
18. P = 8  12 in. = 96 in. approximately 15.7 inches.
The perimeter is 96 inches.
38. C =   d =   50 ft = 50 ft  157 ft
20. P = 2  l + 2  w The circumference is exactly 50 feet or
= 2  70 ft + 2  21 ft approximately 157 feet.
= 140 ft + 42 ft
= 182 ft 40. C = 2    r = 2    10 yd = 20 yd  62.8 yd
182 feet of fencing is needed. The circumference is exactly 20 yards or
approximately 62.8 yards.
22. The amount of fencing needed is 182 feet.
182 feet  $2 per foot = $364 42. C =   d =   150 ft = 150 ft  471 feet
The total cost of the fencing is $364. The circumference of the barn is 150 feet, or
about 471 feet.
24. All sides of a regular polygon have the same
length, so the perimeter is the number of sides
multiplied by the length of a side.
P = 5  14 m = 70 m
26. P = 4  s = 4  3 in. = 12 in.

The perimeter is 12 inches.
44. C =  d 66. a. Smaller circle:

 1 C =   d =   16 m = 16 m  50.24 m
=  5 in.
 2 Larger circle:
 
11 C =   d =   32 m = 32 m  100.48 m
=  in.
2 b. Yes, when the diameter of a circle is
11 22 2
  in. = 17 in. doubled, the circumference is also doubled.
2 7 7
2 68. answers may vary
The distance around is about 17 inches or
7 70. The length of the curved section at the top is half
17.29 inches. of the circumference of a circle of diameter
6 meters.
46. P = (4.5 + 7 + 9) yd = 20.5 yd
1 1 1
The perimeter is 20.5 yards.  C =  d =  6 m = 3 m  9.4 meters
2 2 2
48. C =   d =   11 m = 11 m  34.54 m The total length of the straight sides is
The circumference is 11 meters  34.54 meters. 3  6 m = 18 m.
The perimeter is the sum of these.
50. P = 4  19 km = 76 km 9.4 m + 18 m = 27.4 m
The perimeter is 76 kilometers. The perimeter of the figure is 27.4 meters.
52. The unmarked vertical side has length 72. The three linear sides have lengths of 7 feet, 5
(40 − 9) mi = 31 mi. feet, and 7 feet. The length of the curved side is
The unmarked horizontal side has length half of the circumference of a circle with
(44 − 9) mi = 35 mi. diameter 5 feet, or
1 1
P = (44 + 31 + 9 + 9 + 35 + 40) mi = 168 mi  d =  5 = 2.5  7.9 feet
The perimeter is 168 miles. 2 2
7 ft + 5 ft + 7 ft + 7.9 ft = 26.9 ft
54. 25 − 3  7 = 25 − 21 = 4 The perimeter of the window is 26.9 feet.
56. 6  (8 + 2) = 6  10 = 60 74. P = 4  s, so s = P  4.
s = 18 in.  4 = 4.5 in.
58. (72  2)  6 = 36  6 = 216 The length of a side is 4.5 inches.
60. 41  (23 − 8) = 41  (8 − 8) = 41  0 = 4  0 = 0 Section 6.4 Practice Exercises
1
62. a. The first age category that 12-year-old 1. A = b  h
children fit into is “Under 13,” so the 2
1 1
maximum width is 60 yards and the = 8 in. 6 in.
maximum length is 110 yards. 2 4
1 25
= 8 in.
in.
b. P = 2l + 2 w 2 4
= 2 110 yd + 2  60 yd = 25 sq in.
= 220 yd +120 yd The area is 25 square inches.
= 340 yd
The perimeter of the field is 340 yards. 2. A = s  s = 4.2 yd  4.2 yd = 17.64 sq yd
The area is 17.64 square yards.
64. The circle’s circumference is   7 in.  21.98 in.
The square’s perimeter is 4  7 in. = 28 in. 3. Split the rectangle into two pieces, a top
So the square has the greater distance around; b. rectangle with dimensions 12 m by 24 m, and a
bottom rectangle with dimensions 6 m by 18 m.
The area of the figure is the sum of the areas of
these.

A = 12 m  24 m + 6 m 18 m 10. A = s2 = (2.6 m)2 = 6.76 sq m

= 288 sq m +108 sq m
= 396 sq m 1
The area is 396 square meters. 12. A = (b + B)  h
12  1 
2 = 5 in. + 8 in.  6 in.
4. A =  r 2 2 
 
= (7 cm)2 1 27
=  in. 6 in.
= 49 sq cm 2 2
 153.86 sq cm =
81
sq in.
The area is 49 square centimeters, which is 2
approximately 153.86 square centimeters. 1
= 40 sq in.
2
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.4
1
1. The formula for the area of a rectangle; we split 14. A = (b + B)  h
the L-shaped figure into two rectangles, used the 2
1
area formula twice to find the area of each, and = (10 ft + 5 ft)  3 ft
then added these two areas. 2
1
= 15 ft  3 ft
Exercise Set 6.4 2
= 22.5 sq ft
2. A = l  w = 7 ft  2.75 ft = 19.25 sq ft
1 16. A = b  h
4. A = b  h = 3 cm  4
1
cm
2
1 1 4
=  4 ft  5 ft = 3 cm 
17
cm
2 2
1 9 4
=  ft  5 ft 51
2 = cm
452 4
= sq ft 3
=
4
12cm
= 11 1 sq ft 4
4
4 = 12 sq cm
7
1
6. A = b  h
2
1
=  7 ft  5 ft
2
35
= sq ft
2
1
= 17 sq ft
2
8. A = r 2
= (2 cm)2
= 4 sq cm
88
 sq cm
7
18. A = b  h = 6 m = 300 sq cm + 60 sq cm
 4 m = 24 sq m = 360 sq cm
20. The area of

the
trapezoid
that forms
the top of
the figure is
1
(b + B)  h =
1
(6 km +10
km)  4 km
2
2
=
32
sq
k
m.
The area of
the
rectangle
that forms
the bottom
of the figure
is l  w = 10
km  5 km =
50 sq km.
The area of
the figure is
the sum of
these.
A = 32 sq km
+ 50 sq km =
82 sq km
22. The figure

can be
divided into
two
rectangles,
one
measuring
25 cm by 12
cm and one
measuring
20 cm by 3
cm. The area
of the figure
is the sum of
the areas of
the two
rectangles.
A = 25 cm 12
cm + 20 cm  3
cm
24. The top of the figure is a square with sides of The house is a rectangle, with area
length 5 in., so its area is l  w = 48 ft  24 ft = 1152 sq ft.
s2 = (5 in.)2 = 25 sq in. The area of the yard is the difference between
these.
The bottom of the figure is a parallelogram with
A = 5472 sq ft − 1152 sq ft = 4320 sq ft
area b  h = 5 in.  4 in. = 20 sq in. The area of the yard is 4320 square feet.
The area of the figure is the sum of these.
A = 25 sq in. + 20 sq in. = 45 sq in. 42. a. The top part of the wall is a triangle, with
1 1
26. r = d  2 = 5 m  2 = 2.5 m area  b  h =  24 ft  4 ft = 48 sq ft.
2 2
A = r2 The bottom part is a rectangle, with area
= (2.5 m)2 l  w = 24 ft  8 ft = 192 sq ft.
= 6.25 sq m The area of the wall is the sum of these.
 19.625 sq m A = 48 sq ft + 192 sq ft = 240 sq ft
The total area is 240 square feet.
28. A = l  w = 35 ft  24 ft = 840 sq ft
b. Divide the area of the wall by the side area
840 feet of insulation are needed.
of each brick.
1 6
30. A = l  w = 28.0 m  6.2 m = 173.6 sq m 240  = 240  = 1440
The area of the sign is 173.6 square meters. 6 1
The number of bricks needed to brick the
2 2
32. A = s = (54 in.) = 2916 sq in. end of the building is 1440.
The area of the top of the pizza is 2916 square
inches. 44. P = 2  l + 2  w = 2  5 cm + 2  4 cm = 18 cm
34. A = l  w 46. Sum the lengths of the sides.
1 1 3
5 P = 6 mi + 7 mi +12 mi + 9 mi = 34 mi
= 33 ft  6 ft
6 2 4 4
41
= 33 ft  ft 48. P = 3  3 in. = 9 in.
6
451
= sq ft 50. Grass seed is planted throughout the surface of a
2 yard, so the situation involves area.
1
= 225 sq ft
2 52. Gutters go on the edges of a house, so the
1 situation involves perimeter.
The area of the double roll is 225 square feet.
2 54. Baseboards go around the edges of a room, so
the situation involves perimeter.
36. r = d 2 = 4 ft  2 = 2 ft
1
A = r2 = (2 ft)2 = 4 sq ft  12.56 sq ft =  228 ft  48 ft
There are approximately 12.56 square feet of 2
= 5472 sq ft.
mat.
38. A = l  w = 27.5 cm  20.5 cm = 563.75 sq cm

The area of a page is 563.75 square centimeters.
40. Including the house, the land is in the shape of a

trapezoid, whose area is
1 1
(b + B)  h = (96 ft +132 ft)  48 ft
2 2
56. Fertilizer is spread throughout the surface

of ayard, so the situation involves area.
58. This could be answered by dividing Utah

into two rectangles, in two different ways.
But it’s easier to regard the state as a 350
mile by 270 mile rectangle from which a
70 mile by 105 milerectangle has been
removed.
A = 350 mi  270 mi − 70 mi 105 mi
= 94, 500 sq mi − 7350 sq mi
= 87,150 sq mi
The area of Utah is approximately 87,150
squaremiles.
60. answers may vary

62. A = l  w = 15 ft  10 ft = 150 sq ft 2. V =
4
  r3
Since 1 yard is 3 feet, 1 square yard is 3 3
3 ft  3 ft = 9 square feet. 4 1 
1 sq yd 50
A = 150 sq ft  = sq yd =    cm 
3 2
 
9 sq ft 3 4
1
50 =   cu cm
cost = $6.50 per sq yd  sq yd 3 8
3 1
325 =  cu cm
=$ 6
3 1 22
  cu cm
 $108.33 6 7
The cost is approximately $108.33. 11

= cu cm
21
64. r = d  2 = 2.6 m  2 = 1.3 m
1
The volume of the ball is  cubic centimeter,
A = r 2
6
=  (1.3m)2 11
approximately cubic centimeter.
= 1.69 sq m
12
 5.31 sq m
The area of the circular base of the bowl was 3. V =  r2  h
1.69 sq m, or about 5.31 sq m.
=  (5 in.)2  7 in.
66. The semicircle at the top has radius 2.5 feet, so =  25 sq in. 7 in.
1 1 = 175 cu in.
its area is  r2 =  (2.5 ft)2 = 3.125 sq ft.
2 2  549.5 cu in.
The rectangle at the bottom has area The volume of the cylinder is 175 cubic inches,
l  w = 7 ft  5 ft = 35 sq ft. approximately 549.5 cubic inches.
The total area is
1
3.125 sq ft + 35 sq ft  44.8 sq ft. 4. V =  s2  h
3
68. a. The first age category that 11-year-old 1
= (3 m)2  5.1 m
children fit into is “Under 12,” so the 3
maximum width is 55 yards and the 1
=  9 sq m  5.1 m
maximum length is 105 yards.
3
= 15.3 cu m
b. A = l  w = 105 yd  55 yd = 5775 sq yd
The volume of the pyramid is 15.3 cubic meters.
The area of the field is 5775 square yards.
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.5
Section 6.5 Practice Exercises
1. The measure of the amount of space inside a
1. V = l  w  h = 5 ft  2 ft  4 ft = 40 cubic ft
solid is its volume.
The volume of the rectangular box is 40 cubic
feet. 2. Area measures the amount of surface of a region.
3. Volume is measured in cubic units.
4. Area is measured in square units.
5. The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the

lengths of its sides.
6. Perimeter is measured in units.

7. Exact answers are in terms of , and 1 1

approximate answers use an approximation for 12. V =  s2  h =  (7 m)2 15 m = 245 cu cm
3 3
.
1 2
Exercise Set 6.5 14. V =  r  h
3
2. V = l  w  h = 8 cm  4 cm  4 cm = 128 cu cm 1
=  (14 ft)2 15 ft
3
4. V = s3 = (11 mi)3 = 1331 cu mi = 980 cu ft
22
 980  cu ft
1 7
6. V =  r2  h = 3080 cu ft
3
2
1  3  16. V = s3 = (5 ft)3 = 125 cu ft
=   1 in.  9 in.
3  4 
1 7 4
=  2 18. V =   r3

in.  9 in.
3  4  3
147 4
=  cu in. = (2 cm)3
16 3
147 22 32
  cu in. =  cu cm
16 7 3
231 32
= cu in.   3.14 cu cm
8 3
7  33.49 cu cm
= 28 cu in.
8 1 4
4 20. V =    r3
3
8. V =  r 2 3
2
3 =  (10 in.)3
4 3
= (3 mi)3 2000
3 =  cu in.
= 36 cu in. 3
2000 22
 36 
22
cu in.   cu in.
7 3 7
5
=
792
cu in. = 2095 cu in.
7 1 21
= 113 cu in. 2 2
7 22. V =  r  h = (3 ft) 8 ft = 72 cu ft
1 1
10. r = d = 10 ft = 5 ft 24. V = l  w  h
2 2 1 3
= 3 ft  1 ft 1 ft
V =  r  h 2
2 4
= (5 ft)2  6 ft 3 7
= 3 ft  ft  ft
22
= 150 cu ft  150  cu ft

63 2 4
=
8 cu ft
7 7
3300 =7 cu ft
= cu ft 8
7
3
= 471 cu ft
7

1 1 d 55 ft
26. r = d =  54 ft = 27 ft 46. r = = = 27.5 ft
2 2 2 2
4 1 4
V = r3 V =  r 3
3 2 3
4 1 4
= (27 ft)3 =  (3.14)(27.5 ft)3
3 2 3
= 26, 244 cu ft = 43, 534.79
The surface area of the hemisphere is about
1 1
28. r = d =  6 in. = 3 in. 43,534.79 cu ft.
2 2
4 3
48. First solid:
V =   r V = lwh = (6 ft)(2 ft)(4 ft) = 48 cu ft
3
4 SA = 2lh + 2wh + 2lw
=  (3 in.)3 = 2(6 ft)(4 ft) + 2(2 ft)(4 ft) + 2(6 ft)(2 ft)
3 = 88 sq ft
= 36 cu in.
Second solid:
 113.04 cu in. V = lwh = (4 ft)(3 ft)(4 ft) = 48 cu ft
The volume is 36 cubic inches  113.04 cubic SA = 2lh + 2wh + 2lw
inches.
= 2(4 ft)(4 ft) + 2(3 ft)(4 ft) + 2(4 ft)(3 ft)
1 = 80 sq ft
30. V =   r2  h
no; answers may vary
3
1
= (3 km)2 (3.5 km)
3 50. V =  r2  h
= 10.5 cu km = (16.3 ft)2  32 ft
 22  = 8502.08 cu ft
 10.5 cu km = 33 cu km
7   26,696.5 cu ft
 
The volume is 10.5 cubic kilometers  33 cubic The volume of the tank is about 26,696.5 cubic
kilometers. feet.
1 2 1 1 52. answers may vary

32. V =  s  h =  (7 in.)2 10 in. = 163 cu in.
3 3 3 Integrated Review
1
The volume of the toy is 163 cubic inches.
3 1. The supplement is 180 − 27 = 153.
The complement is 90 − 27 = 63.
34. V = s3 = (2 in.)3 = 8 cu in. 2. x and the angle marked 105 are adjacent
36. answers may vary angles, so mx = 180 −105 = 75. y and the
angle marked 105 are vertical angles, so

my = 105. z and x are vertical angles, so
38. 72 = 7  7 = 49
mz = 75.
40. 202 = 20  20 = 400 3. x and the angle marked 52 are adjacent
2 2
42. 5 + 3 = 5  5 + 3 3 = 25 + 9 = 34 angles, so mx = 180 − 52 = 128. y and the
angle marked 52 are corresponding angles, so

2 2
44. 1 + 6 = 11+ 6  6 = 1+ 36 = 37 my = 52. y and z are adjacent angles, so
mz = 180 − 52 = 128.
4. The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is

180, so mx = 180− 90− 38 = 52.

5. d = 2  r = 2  2.3 in. = 4.6 in. 3

16. r = d  2 = 3 mi  2 = mi
2
1 1
6. r = d  2 = 8 in.  2 = 4 in. V =
4
  r3
2 4 3
4  3 3
7. P = 4  s = 4  5 m = 20 m =  mi 
A = s2 = (5 m)2 = 25 sq m 3 2 
9
=  cu mi
8. P = a + b + c = 4 ft + 3 ft + 5 ft = 12 ft 2
1
1 1 = 4  cu mi
A =  b  h =  4 ft  3 ft = 6 sq ft 2
2 2
99
 cu mi
9. C = 2    r = 2    5 cm = 10 cm  31.4 cm 7
1
A =  r2 = 14 cu mi
7
=  (5 cm)2
= 25 sq cm Section 6.6 Practice Exercises
 78.5 sq cm
1. a. 100 = 10 because 102 = 100.

10. P = 11 mi + 5 mi + 11 mi + 5 mi = 32 mi
A = b  h = 11 mi  4 mi = 44 sq mi b. 64 = 8 because 82 = 64.
3 cm + 7 cm = 10 cm.
c. 121 = 11 because 112 = 121.
The unmarked horizontal side has length
17 cm − 8 cm = 9 cm. d. 0 = 0 because 02 = 0.
P = (8 + 3 + 9 + 7 + 17 + 10) cm = 54 cm
2
A = 10 cm 8 cm + 7 cm  9 cm 1 =1 1 1
= 80 sq cm + 63 sq cm
2. because   = .
4 2 2 4
= 143 sq cm
2
9 =3 3 9
12. P = 2  l + 2  w = 2  17 ft + 2  14 ft = 62 ft 3. because   = .
A = l  w = 17 ft  14 ft = 238 sq ft 16 4 4 16
21
13. V = s3 = (4 in.)3 = 64 cu in. 4. a.  4.583
52
14. V = l  w  h = 2 ft  3 ft  5.1 ft = 30.6 cu ft b.  7.211
1 1 5. Recall that 49 = 7 and 64 = 8. Since 62 is between

15. V =  s2  h =  (10 cm)2 12 cm = 400 cu cm
3 3 49 and 64, then 62 is between 49 and 64.
Thus, 62 is between 7 and 8. Since
62 is closer to 64, then 62 is closer to 64, or

8.
6. hypotenuse = (12)2 + (16)2

= 144 + 256
= 400
= 20
The hypotenuse is 20 feet long.

3. The reverse process of squaring a number is

7. hypotenuse = (7)2 + (9)2
finding a square root of a number.
= 49 + 81
1
= 130 4. The numbers 9, 1, and are called perfect
 11 25
The hypotenuse is 130 kilometers, or squares.
approximately 11 kilometers.
5. Label the parts of the right triangle.
8. leg = (11)2 − (7)2 leg

hypotenuse
= 121− 49
= 72 leg
 8.49
The length of the leg is 72 feet, or 6. The Pythagorean theorem can be used for right
approximately 8.49 feet. triangles.
9. 100 yd 7. 49 = 7 because 72 or 7  7 = 49.
53 yd 8. Since 15 is between 9 = 3 and 16 = 4, and

15 is much closer to 16 than to 9, we know that
Let a = 53 and b = 100. 15 is closer to 4 than to 3.
a 2 + b 2 = c2
9. The Pythagorean theorem works only for right
532 +1002 = c2 triangles.
2809 +10, 000 = c2
Exercise Set 6.6
12,809 = c2
12, 809 = c 2. 9 = 3 because 32 = 9.

113  c
The diagonal is approximately 113 yards.
4. 144 = 12 because 122 = 144.
Calculator Explorations
1
1 1 1 1
6. 64 = because  = .
1. 1024 = 32 8 8 8 64
2. 676 = 26 8. =
6
=
2
because
6 6 36
 = .
36
81 9 3 9 9 81
3. 31  5.568
10. 5  2.236
4. 19  4.359
12. 17  4.123
5. 97  9.849
14. 85  9.220
6. 56  7.483
35
Vo cabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.6

16. 
5.9
16
18. Since 27 is between 25 = 5  5 and 36 = 6  6,
1. 100 = 10 only because 10  10 = 100.
27 is between 5 and 6;  5.20.
27
2. The radical sign is used to denote the square root
of a number. 20. Since 85 is between 81 = 9  9 and 100 = 10  10,
85 85
is between 9 and 10;  9.22.

22. 625 = 25 because 252 = 625. 38.
24. 18  4.243
12
121
11  11 2 11 11 121
26. 169 = because   =  = .
13 13 13 13 169
9
28. 62  7.874 hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2
30. Let a = 36 and b = 15. = 92 +122

a 2 + b 2 = c2 = 81+144
362 +152 = c2 = 225
= 15
1296 + 225 = c2
The hypotenuse has length 15 units.
1521 = c2
1521 = c 40.
39 = c 10
6
The missing length is 39 feet.
32. Let a = 3 and c = 9.
a2 + b2 = c2 leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (other leg)2

2 2 2
3 +b = 9
= 102 − 62
9 + b = 81
2
= 100 − 36
b2 = 72 = 64
b = 72 =8
b  8.485 The leg has length 8 units.
The missing length is approximately
8.485 yards. 42.
34. Let a = 34 and b = 70.
a2 + b2 = c2
16
342 + 702 = c2
1156 + 4900 = c2
6056 = c2 2
6056 = c hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2
77.820  c
The missing length is approximately = 22 +162
77.820 miles. = 4 + 256
36. Let a = 36 and b = 27. = 260
2 c2
2 2 2
a +b = c 0 2025 = c
362 + 272 = c2 2 45 = c
1296 + 729 = c2 5 The missing length is 45 kilometers.
=

1
6
44. .
1
2
5
The
hypotenu
se has
length of
about
16.125
units.
3
0
15

hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2 52. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2

= 302 +152 = 12 +12
= 900 + 225 = 1+1
= 1125 = 2
 33.541  1.414
The hypotenuse has length of about 33.541 units. The length of the diagonal is about 1.414 miles.
46. 21
54. leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (leg)2
= 1682 − 602
21 = 28, 224 − 3600
= 24, 624
 156.9
The height of the antenna is about 156.9 feet.
hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2
= 212 + 212 56. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2

= 441+ 441 = 702 +1102
= 882 = 4900 +12,100
 29.698 = 17, 000
The hypotenuse has length of about 29.698 units.  130.4

8
The length of the diagonal is about 130.4 yards.
48.
8 4
58. =
9 n 8
4n = 8 8
leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (other leg)2 4n = 64
64
n=
= 92 − 82 4
= 81− 64 n = 16
= 17
5 35
 4.123 60. =
The leg has length of about 4.123 units. 6 n

5n = 6  35
50. 22.5 5n = 210
210
n=
12 5
n = 42
= 650.25
62.
= 122 + (22.5)2
= 144 + 506.25
n 4 6n = 9  4 36
=
9 6 n = 36
= 25.5 n=
6
The hypotenuse has length 25.5 units. n=6

5 9
64. Recall that 25 = 5 and 36 = 6. Since 27 is b. =
between 25 and 36, then 27 is between 25 n 6

9n = 5  6
and 36. Thus, 27 is between 5 and 6. Since
9n = 30
27 is closer to 25, then is closer to 25, or 30
27 27
n=
5. Check:  5.20 9
10 1
n= or 3
66. Recall that 81 = 9 and 100 = 10. Since 85 is 3 3
between 81 and 100, then 85 is between 81 10 1
The missing length is or 3 units.
and 100. Thus, 85 is between 9 and 10. 3 3

Since 85 is closer to 81, then 85 is closer to
4. The triangle formed by the sun’s rays, Tammy,
81, or 9. Check: 85  9.22 and her shadow is similar to the triangle formed
by the sun’s rays, the building, and its shadow.
68. answers may vary n 60
=
5 8
70. a2 + b2 = c2 8n = 5  60
202 + 452 502 8n = 300
400 + 2025 2500 n=
300
2425  2500 8
No; the set does not form the lengths of the sides n = 37.5
of a right triangle. The building is approximately 37.5 feet tall.
Section 6.7 Practice Exercises Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 6.7
1. a. The triangles are congruent by Side-Angle- 1. Two triangles that have the same shape, but not
Side. necessarily the same size are congruent. false
b. The triangles are not congruent. 2. Two triangles are congruent if they have the
same shape and size. true
9 meters 9
2. = 3.
Congruent triangles are also similar. true
13 meters 13
9
The ratio of corresponding sides is . 4. Similar triangles are also congruent. false
13
5. For the two similar triangles, the ratio of
3. a. The ratios of corresponding sides in the two 5
triangles are equal, so: corresponding sides is . false
6
n 10
=
4 5 6. A and D are congruent, B and E are
5n = 4 10 congruent, C and F are congruent, and

5n = 40 a b c
40 = = .
n= d e f
5

n=8 7. M and Y are congruent, N and X are
The missing length is 8 units. congruent, P and Z are congruent, and

m n p
= = .
y x z
8. Since all sides of both triangles are given, and no

angle measures are given, we used SSS.

9. The ratios of corresponding sides are the same. n 14

20. =
12 4 n 9 8
10. = 8 = 9 14
18 n 8n = 126
8n 126
Exercise Set 6.7 =
8 8
n = 15.75
2. The triangles are congruent by Side-Side-Side.
n 33.2
4. The triangles are not congruent. 22. =
9.6 8.3
6. The triangles are congruent by Angle-Side- n 8.3 = 9.6  33.2
Angle. 8.3n = 318.72
8.3n 318.72
8. The triangles are congruent by Side-Angle-Side. =
8.3 8.3
8 4 7 1 n = 38.4
10. = = =
32 16 28 4 n 13 1
1 24. = 2
The ratio of corresponding sides is . 6 9

4 1
n  9 = 6 13
2
6 8 4 27
12. 1 = = 9n = 6 
42 6 3
2
4 9n = 81
The ratio of corresponding sides is .
9n 81
3 =
9 9
n=9
n 60
14. =
3 5
n 13
n  5 = 3 60 26. =
5n = 180 n 13 26
26 = 1313
5n 180
= 26n = 169
5 5
n = 36 26n 169
=
26 26
n 14 n = 6.5
16. =
4 7
n 8
n  7 = 4 14 28. =
7n = 56 37.5 20
n  20 = 37.5 8
7n 56
= 20n = 300
7 7 20n 300
n=8 =
n 15 = 9  15n 202.5
22.5 =
n 22.5
18. = 15n =
9 15
202.5
2
0
2
30. 0
n
=
1
5
28 5
=
n 100
n  5 = 28 100
5n = 2800
15 15 5n 2800
n = 13.5 =
5 5
n = 560
The fountain is approximately 560 feet high.

32. x 73 42. 3.60

=
10 2 − 0.41
x  2 = 10  73 3.19
2x = 730
2x 730 0.16
=
2 2 44. 3 0.48
x = 365 −3
The tree is 365 feet tall. 18
−18
34. The triangle formed by the sun’s rays, Lloyd,
and his shadow is similar to the triangle formed 0
by the sun’s rays, the building, and its shadow. 0.48  3 = 0.16
Let x be the height of the building.
x 75 46. Let x be the width of the banner.

=
1 11
6 9
9x = 6  75 3 = 2
x 9
9x = 450 1
 9 = x 1
1
450 3 2
x= 3
9 3= x
x = 50 22  3 
2
The building is about 50 feet tall. (3) = x
 
3 3 2

 
n 44 2=x
36. =
32 24 The width of the banner is 2 feet.
24n = 32  44
24n = 1408 48. n
=
11.6
1408 58.7 20.8

n= n  20.8 = 58.7 11.6
24
n  58.7 20.8n = 680.92
The antenna’s shadow is about 58.7 feet long. 20.8n 680.92
=
20.8 20.8
3 x n  32.7
38. =
5 8
38 = 5  x 50. answers may vary
24 = 5x
24 5x x 1
=
52. =
3 1
5 5 4
4.8 = x x
1
= 31
45 − 4.8 = 40.2 4
His speed is 40.2 miles per hour. x = 12
40. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2 y

=
1
= 1002 + 502 4 12 1
4

1 1
= 10, 000 + 2500 y = 4 1
= 12, 500 4 2
y = 18
 112
The length of the diagonal is approximately
112 yards.

z 1 15. When two of the four angles from Exercise 14

=
6 1 share a common side, they are called adjacent
4 angles.
1
z = 6 1
4 16. An angle whose measure is between 90 and
z = 24 180 is called an obtuse angle.
The lengths of the sides of the deck are 12 feet,
18 feet, and 24 feet. 17. An angle that measures 90 is called a right
angle.
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Check
18. An angle whose measure is between 0 and 90
1. A right triangle is a triangle with a right angle. is called an acute angle.
The side opposite the right angle is called the
hypotenuse, and the other two sides are called 19. Two angles that have a sum of 180 are called
legs. supplementary angles.
2. A line segment is a piece of a line with two 20. Similar triangles have exactly the same shape but
endpoints. not necessarily the same size.
3. Two angles that have a sum of 90 are called Chapter 6 Review
complementary angles.
1. A is a right angle.
4. A line is a set of points extending indefinitely in
two directions. 2. B is a straight angle.
5. The perimeter of a polygon is the distance 3. C is an acute angle.

around the polygon.
4. D is an obtuse angle.
6. An angle is made up of two rays that share the
same endpoint. The common endpoint is called 5. The complement of a 25 angle has measure
the vertex. 90 − 25 = 65.
7. Congruent triangles have the same shape and the 6. The supplement of a 105 angle has measure
same size. 180 − 105 = 75.
8. Area measures the amount of surface of a region. 7. mx = 90 − 32 = 58
9. A ray is a part of a line with one endpoint. A ray 8. mx = 180 − 82 = 98
extends indefinitely in one direction.
9. mx = 105 −15 = 90
10. A square root of a number a is a number b
whose square is a.
10. mx = 45 − 20 = 25
11. A line that intersects two or more lines at

different points is called a transversal. 11. 47 + 133 = 180, so a and b are
supplementary. So are b and c, c and
12. An angle that measures 180 is called a straight d , and d and a.
angle.
13. The measure of the space of a solid is called its

volume. 12. 47 + 43 = 90, so x and w are

complementary. Also, 58 + 32 = 90, so y
14. When two lines intersect, four angles are formed.
The angles that are opposite each other are called and z are complementary.
vertical angles.

13. x and the angle marked 100 are vertical 32. The polygon has 6 sides, so it is a hexagon.
angles, so mx = 100. x and y are

33. The triangle has 3 equal sides, so it is equilateral.
adjacent angles, so my = 180 −100 = 80.
y and z are vertical angles, so mz = 80. 34. The triangle has a right angle and 2 equal sides,
so it is an isosceles right triangle.
14. x and the angle marked 25 are adjacent
1 1
angles, so mx = 180 − 25 = 155. x and 35. P = 27 m +17 m + 27 m +17 m = 89 m
y are vertical angles, so my = 155. z and 2 2

the angle marked 25 are vertical angles, so
mz = 25. 36. P = 11 cm + 7.6 cm + 12 cm = 30.6 cm
15. x and the angle marked 53 are vertical 37. The unmarked vertical side has length
8 m − 5 m = 3 m. The unmarked horizontal side
angles, so mx = 53. x and y are alternate
has length 10 m − 7 m = 3 m.
interior angles, so my = 53. y and z are P = (7 + 3 + 3 + 5 + 10 + 8) m = 36 m
adjacent angles, so mz = 180 − 53 = 127.
16. x and the angle marked 42 are vertical 5 ft + 4 ft + 11 ft = 20 ft.
angles, so mx = 42. x and y are alternate P = (22 + 20 + 22 +11+ 3 + 4 + 3 + 5) ft = 90 ft
interior angles, so my = 42. y and z are
adjacent angles, so mz = 180 − 42 = 138. 39. P = 2  l + 2  w = 2  10 ft + 2  6 ft = 32 ft
17. mx = 180− 32− 45 = 103 40. P = 4  s = 4  110 ft = 440 ft
18. mx = 180− 62− 58 = 60 41. C =   d =   1.7 in.  3.14  1.7 in. = 5.338 in.
19. mx = 180− 90− 30 = 60 42. C = 2   r

= 2   5 yd
20. mx = 180− 25− 90 = 65 = 10 yd
 3.14 10 yd
1 1 = 31.4 yd
21. d = 2  r = 2  2 m=4 m
10 5
1
43. A =  (b + B)  h
22. r = d 2 = 14 ft  2 = 7 ft 2
1
23. r = d  2 = 19 m  2 = 9.5 m =  (12 ft + 36 ft) 10 ft
12
3 1 =  48 ft 10 ft
24. d = 2  r = 2  7 cm = 15 cm 2
5 5 = 240 sq ft
25. The solid is a cube.

1 1
44. A =  b  h =  20 m 14 m = 140 sq m
26. The solid is a cylinder. 2 2

45. A = l  w = 40 cm  15 cm = 600 sq cm
27. The solid is a square-based pyramid.
46. A = b  h = 21 yd  9 yd = 189 sq yd
28. The solid is a rectangular solid.
29. d = 2  r = 2  9 in. = 18 in. 47. A =  r2 = (7 ft)2 = 49 sq ft  153.86 sq ft

30. r = d  2 = 4.7 m  2 = 2.35 m
48. A = s2 = (9.1 m)2 = 82.81 sq m
31. The polygon has 5 sides, so it is a pentagon.

1 1 4
49. A = b  h =  34 in. 7 in. = 119 sq in. 57. V =   r3
2 2 3
4 1 3
=  
1  km
50. A =  (b + B)  h 3 2 
2 1
=
1
 (64 cm + 32 cm)  26 cm =  cu km
6
2 11
=
1
 96 cm  26 cm  cu km
2 21
= 1248 sq cm 1 2
58. V =  s  h
51. The unmarked horizontal side has length 3
1
13 m − 3 m = 10 m. The unmarked vertical side =  (2 ft)2  2 ft
has length 12 m − 4 m = 8 m. The area is the 3
8
sum of the areas of the two rectangles. = cu ft
A = 12 m 10 m + 8 m  3 m 3
2
= 120 sq m + 24 sq m = 2 cu ft
= 144 sq m 3
2
The volume of the pyramid is 2 cubic feet.
52. A = l  w = 36 ft  12 ft = 432 sq ft 3
The area of the driveway is 432 square feet.
59. V =  r2  h
53. A = 10 ft  13 ft = 130 sq ft
130 square feet of carpet are needed. = (3.5 in.)2 8 in.
= 98 cu in.
54. V = s3  307.72 cu in.

3 The volume of the can is about 307.72 cubic
 1 
=  2 in. inches.
 2 
5 3 60. Find the volume of each drawer.
=
 in. V = l  wh
2
 
 1  
1  2 
125 =  2 ft  1 ft    ft 
= cu in.
8  2   2  3 
5 3 2
5
= 15 cu in. =   cu ft
8 2 2 3
5
= cu ft
55. V = l  w  h = 2 ft  7 ft  6 ft = 84 cu ft 2
The three drawers have volume
56. V =  r2  h 5 15 1
3 = = 7 cubic feet.
= (20 cm)2  50 cm 5 2 2
= 20, 000 cu cm
 62,800 cu cm 61. r = d  2 = 1 ft  2 = 0.5 ft
V =  r2  h = (0.5 ft)2  2 ft = 0.5 cu ft
62. 64 = 8 because 82 = 64.
63. 144 = 12 because 122 = 144.

64. 4 = 2 because 2  2 = 4 .
25 5 5 5 25

1 1 because 1  1 = 1 . 71. The height is the leg of a right triangle whose

65. = hypotenuse is 126 feet and whose other leg is
100 10 10 10 100 90 feet.
leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (other leg)2

66. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2
= 1262 − 902
= 122 + 52
= 15,876 − 8100
= 144 + 25
= 169 = 7776
 88.2
= 13
The height of the building is about 88.2 feet.
The hypotenuse is 13 units.
n 20
67. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2 72. =
15 8
= 202 + 212 8n = 15  20
8n = 300
= 400 + 441
= 841 300
n=
8
= 29 n = 37.5
The hypotenuse is 29 units.
73. n 20
2 2 =
68. leg = (hypotenuse) − (other leg) 20 30
30n = 20  20
= 14 − 9
2 2
30n = 400
= 196 − 81 400
= 115 n=
30
 10.7 40
The leg is about 10.7 units. n=
31
2 2 n = 13
69. leg = (hypotenuse) − (other leg) 3

= 1552 −1242 n 24
= 24, 025 −15, 376 74. =

5.8 8
= 8649 8n = 5.8  24
= 93 8n = 139.2
The leg is 93 units. 139.2
n=
8
70. The distance is the hypotenuse of a right triangle n = 17.4
whose legs have length 90 feet.
=
= 902 + 902
= 8100 + 8100
16, 200 7 is similar to the triangleformed by the sun’s
5 rays, the building, and its shadow. Let x be the
. height of the building, in feet.
T
h
e
t
r
i
a
n
g
l
e
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
s
u
n
’
s
r
a
y
s
,
t
h
e
p
a
i
n
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
h
i
s
s
h
a
d
o
w
 127.3 x 42
=
The distance is about 127.3 feet. 5.5 7

7 x = 5.5  42
7 x = 231
231
x=
7
x = 33
The building is about 33 feet tall.

x 2 87. The unmarked horizontal side has length

76. =
10 24 40 ft − 22 ft − 11 ft = 7 ft.
24  x = 10  2 P = (22 +15 + 7 +15 +11+ 42 + 40 + 42) ft
24x = 20 = 194 ft
20
x= 88. The unmarked horizontal side has length
24
5 43 m − 13 m = 30 m. The unmarked vertical side
x= has length 42 m − 14 m = 28 m. The area is the
6
sum of the areas of the two rectangles.
A = 28 m 13 m + 42 m  30 m
y 2 = 364 sq m +1260 sq m
=
26 24 = 1624 sq m
24  y = 26  2
24 y = 52
52 89. A =  r2 =  (3 m)2 = 9 sq m  28.26 sq m
y=
24 1
y=
13 90. V =   r2  h
6 3 2
1 1  1 
y=2 =   5 in. 12 in.

 
6 3 4
5 1  
The lengths are x = inch and y = 2 inches. 1  21 
=   2
6 6 3  in. 12 cu in.
4
 
441
77. The supplement of a 72 angle is an angle that =  cu in.
4
measures 180 − 72 = 108. 441 22
  cu in.
78. The complement of a 1 angle is an angle that 4 7
1
measures 90 − 1 = 89. = 346 cu in.
2
79. mx = 116 − 34 = 82
91. V = l  w  h = 5 in.  4 in.  7 in. = 140 cu in.
80. mx = 180 − 58 − 44 = 78
92. V = l  w  h = 15 ft  12 ft  7 ft = 1260 cu ft
81. x and the angle marked 85 are adjacent The volume of air in the room is 1260 cubic feet.
angles, so mx = 180 − 85 = 95.
93. V = (3 ft)3 + (1.2 ft)3

82. Let y be the angle corresponding to x at the = 27 cu ft +1.728 cu ft
bottom intersection. Then y and the angle = 28.728 cu ft
marked 123 are adjacent angles, so The combined volume of the boxes is
mx = my = 180 −123 = 57. 28.728 cubic feet.
83. r = d  2 = 26 m  2 = 13 m 94. 1 = 1 because 12 = 1.
84. d = 2  r = 2  6.3 cm = 12.6 cm 95. 36 = 6 because 62 = 36.
1 4 4 4 16
85. P = 4  s = 4  5 dm = 22 dm
96. = because  = .
2
16
9 9 9 81 81
86. P = 7 in. + 11.2 in. + 9.1 in. = 27.3 in.

97. hypotenuse = n 10
(leg)2 + (other leg)2 102. =
6 5
= 662 + 562 5n = 6 10
= 4356 + 3136 5n = 60
= 7492 60
n=
 86.6 5
The hypotenuse is about 86.6 units. n = 12
Chapter 6 Test
98. leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (other leg)2
= 242 −122 1. The complement of an angle that measures 78 is
an angle that measures 90 − 78 = 12.
= 576 −144
= 432 2. The supplement of a 124 angle is an angle that
 20.8 measures 180 − 124 = 56.

The leg is about 20.8 units.
3. mx = 97 − 40 = 57
99. leg = (hypotenuse)2 − (other leg)2 4. x and the angle marked 62 are adjacent
= 512 −172 angles, so mx = 180 − 62 = 118. y and the
= 2601− 289 angle marked 62 are vertical angles, so

= 2312 my = 62. x and z are vertical angles, so
 48.1 mz = mx = 118.

The leg is about 48.1 units.
5. x and the angle marked 73 are vertical
2
100. hypotenuse = (leg) + (other leg)
2 angles, so mx = 73. x and y are alternate
interior angles, so my = mx = 73. x and

2 2
= 10 +17 z are corresponding angles, so
= 100 + 289 mz = mx = 73.

= 389
 19.7 6. d = 2  r = 2  3.1 m = 6.2 m

The hypotenuse is about 19.7 units. 1 1
7. r = d  2 = 20 in.  2 = 10 in.
9 83 2 4
n
101. =
2 12 1 325 25
8 2 n= 
3 4 2
1 2 3
12 n = 8  9 n=
325 2

2 3 8 4 25
25 26 75 13
n=  n=
2 3 8 2
25 325 1
n= n=6
2 4 2
8. mx = 180−
92− 62 = 26
9.
Circumference:
C = 2   r
= 2   9 in.
= 18 in.
 56.52 in.
Area:
A = r2
= (9 in.)2
= 81 sq in.
 254.34 sq
in.

10. P = 2  l + 2  w
20. hypotenuse = (leg)2 + (other leg)2
= 2  7 yd + 2  5.3 yd
= 14 yd +10.6 yd = 42 + 4 2
= 24.6 yd = 16 +16
A = l  w = 7 yd  5.3 yd = 37.1 sq yd = 32
 5.66
11. The unmarked vertical side has length The hypotenuse is about 5.66 cm long.
11 in. − 7 in. = 4 in. The unmarked horizontal
side has length 23 in. − 6 in. = 17 in. 21. First find the area of the lawn.
P = (6 + 4 + 17 + 7 + 23 + 11) in. = 68 in. A = l  w = 123.8 ft  80 ft = 9904 sq ft
Extending the unmarked vertical side downward 0.02 oz
divides the region into two rectangles. The 0.02 ounce per square foot is .
region’s area is the sum of the areas of these: 1 sq ft
A = 11 in. 6 in. + 7 in.17 in. 0.02 oz

 9904 sq ft = 198.08 oz
= 66 sq in. +119 sq in. 1 sq ft
= 185 sq in. Vivian needs to purchase 198.08 ounces of
insecticide.
12. V =  r2  h
= (2 in.)2  5 in. n 5

22. =
12 8
= 20 cu in.
22 8n = 12  5
 20  cu in. 8n = 60
7 60
6 n=
= 62 cu in. 8
7 n = 7.5
13. V = l  w  h = 5 ft  3 ft  2 ft = 30 cu ft 23. The triangle formed by the sun’s rays, Tamara,
and her shadow is similar to the triangle formed
14. 49 = 7 because 72 = 49. by the sun’s rays, the tower, and its shadow. Let
x be the height of the tower, in feet.
15. 79  8.888 x 48
=
5.75 4
64 8 4 8 8 64 4x = 5.75  48
16. = = because  = . 4x = 276
100 10 5 10 10 100
276
x=
17. P = 4  s = 4  4 in. = 16 in. 4
The perimeter of the photo is 16 inches. x = 69
The tower is approximately 69 feet tall.
18. V = l  w  h = 3 ft  3 ft  2 ft = 18 cu ft
18 cubic feet of soil are needed. Cumulative Review Chapters 1−6
= 62 ft
19. P = 2  l + 2  w cost = P $1.87 per ft
= 2 18 ft + 2 13 ft = 62 ft  $1.87 per ft
= 36 ft + 26 ft = $115.94
62 feet of 1. 19.5023 is nineteen and five

baseboar thousand, twenty-three ten-
d are thousandths.
needed,
at a total 2. The LCD of 11 and 6 is 66.
cost of 7 1 42 11 53
+ = + =
$115.94. 11 6 66 66 66
3. To round 736.2359 to the nearest

tenth, observethat the digit in the
hundredths place is 3. Since this
digit is less than 5, we do not add 1
to the digit in the tenths place. The
number 736.2359, rounded to the
nearest tenth is 736.2

4. To round 736.2359 to the nearest hundred, 17. 25

observe that the digit in the tens place is 3. Since  9
this digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 to the 225
digit in the hundreds place. The number
736.2359, rounded to the nearest hundred is 700. So, 25  9000 = 225,000.
5. 45.00 18. The LCD of 9, 15, and 3 is 45.

+ 2.06 2 7 1 10 21 15 31 15 16
+ − = + − = − =
47.06 9 15 3 45 45 45 45 45 45
1 5 10 11 10 6 60 20 9 19. 2  7 = 14
6. 3 1 =  =  = = or 1 So 20  7000 = 140,000.
3 6 3 6 3 11 33 11 11
7 n
7. 7.68  10 = 76.8 20. =
8 20
7 1 7 8n = 7  20
8.  = 8n = 140
11 6 66 140
n=
9. 76.3  1000 = 76,300 8

35 1
n= or 17
1 1 11 23 23 1 2 2
10. 5  2 =  = or 11
2 11 2 11 2 2
21. The percent of model-year 2013 cars that were
25
38.6 white was = 25%.
11. 7 270.2 100
−21
60 22. The percent of people who prefer digital cameras

34 68
−56 is = = 68%.
42 50 100
−4 2 1.9 19
0 23. 1.9% = =
100 1000
Check: 38.6
 7 26 13
270.2 24. 26% = =
100 50
56.7
12. = 0.567 125 5 1
100 25. 125% = = =1
100 4 4
13. 0.5(8.6 − 1.2) = 0.5  7.4 = 3.7 560 28 3
26. 560% = = =5
5 + 2(8 − 3) 5 + 25 5 +10 15 3 100 5 5
14. = = = =
30  6  5 55 25 25 5 27. 85%  300 = n
3
1 16. = 1
15. The decimal form of 12  0.12.
8 , so is 0.125, 8
3 13 so
 .
0  0 255 = n
. 3 = 85% of 300 is 255.
8 0 n
5
4 16 4 16

2.4 p 8.333  8.33

28. =
16 100 37. 12 100.000
2.4 100 = 16 p −96
240 = 16 p 4 0
240 −3 6
=p
16 40
15 = p −36
2.4 is 15% of 16. 40
−36
29. 20.8 = 40%  n
20.8 = 0.40n 4
1 1 100
20.8 = 100% = %  8.33%
=n
0.4 12 12 12
52 = n
20.8 is 40% of 52. 1 1 125 125

38. =  = = 0.125 = 12.5%
8 8 125 1000
5 5 5 25
30. = because  = . 39. m = 180− 95− 35 = 50
25
81 9 9 9 81 a
31. 31 is 4% of what number? 40. P = 8.1 m + 14.1 m + 10.8 m = 33.0 m

31 = 4%  n
31 = 0.04n 41. P = 2  l + 2  w
= 2  9 in. + 2  5 in.
31
=n = 18 in. +10 in.
0.04 = 28 in.
775 = n
There are 775 freshmen at Slidell High School.
42. A = l  w = 9 in.  5 in. = 45 sq in.
32. The total area of a box of 40 tiles is
40  1 sq ft = 40 sq ft. So the unit price is 43. 4 = 2 because 2  2 = 4 .
25
$90 5 5 5 25
= $2.25 per sq ft.
40 sq ft
9
3 3 3 9
44. 16 = because  = .
33. 1.5% of $214,000 = 0.015  $214, 000 = $3210 4 4 4 16
Her commission is $3210.
12 ft 12
45. The ratio is = .
34. Let n be the number of exercises that the student 19 ft 19
can complete in 30 minutes.

n 7
= 46.
12
=
10
30 6 19 x
6n = 30  7 6n = 210
n=
210 12x = 10 19
6 12x = 190
n = 35
190
x=
12
95
The student can complete 35 exercises. x=
6
5
35. 2  4 − 3  3 = 8 − 1 = 7 x = 15
6
36. Seventy thousand, fifty-two is 70,052.

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Developmental Mathematics 3rd Edition

Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-developmental-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-

are corresponding angles, as are x and d.

3. a. R is an obtuse angle. It measures between 3. Space extends in all directions indefinitely.

90 and 180.

216 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

complementary. 63 + 27 = 90, so BAC and

18. straight angle; 180 EAF are complementary.

CPA. x and z are vertical angles, so

mz = mx = 136.

y and z are vertical angles, so

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 217

48. ABE can also be named EBA.

218 Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 1 7 4 74 7 1 4. The figure has three sides, so it is a triangle.

70. True, since 5 + 175 = 180.

74. answers may vary

76. no; answers may vary

Section 6.2 Practice Exercises

1. mx = 180− 25−110 = 45

2. my = 180− 90− 25 = 65

3. The radius is half the diameter.

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22. A rectangle with all four sides equal is a square.

24. Half the diameter of a circle is its radius.

26. A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite

28. A triangle with no equal sides is a scalene

34. d = 2  r = 2  7.8 = 15.6 in.

36. r = d  2 = 2.6  2 = 1.3 m

38. The solid is a cube.

40. The solid is a pyramid.

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56. d = 2  r  2  15 = 30 in. 8. a. C =   d =   20 yd = 20 yd  62.8 yd

Section 6.3 Practice Exercises 3. The exact ratio of circumference to diameter is

= 2  22 cm + 2 10 cm 6. The radius of a circle is half its diameter.

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34. The unmarked vertical side has length

26. P = 4  s = 4  3 in. = 12 in.

44. C =  d 66. a. Smaller circle:

60. 41  (23 − 8) = 41  (8 − 8) = 41  0 = 4  0 = 0 Section 6.4 Practice Exercises

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A = 12 m  24 m + 6 m 18 m 10. A = s2 = (2.6 m)2 = 6.76 sq m

20. The area of

22. The figure

34. A = l  w 46. Sum the lengths of the sides.

38. A = l  w = 27.5 cm  20.5 cm = 563.75 sq cm

40. Including the house, the land is in the shape of a

56. Fertilizer is spread throughout the surface

58. This could be answered by dividing Utah

60. answers may vary

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The cost is approximately $108.33. 11

3. Volume is measured in cubic units.

4. Area is measured in square units.

5. The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the

lengths of its sides.

6. Perimeter is measured in units.

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