Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LP Myths
LP Myths
Activity (Motivation): The PSTs will conduct an activity called "Word Discovery
Challenge" The Word Discovery Challenge is a game that
engages players in guessing randomly selected words related to
the topic. The objective is to uncover as many correct words as
possible within a set time limit. For each correct guess, players
are awarded prizes corresponding to the words they've
successfully identified.
Analysis: Before starting the discussion, with the student’s understanding
and own ideas, the PSTs will ask the students the following:
a) Do any of you know any myths that are derived from
religious scriptures?
Abstraction: The word “fable” comes from the Latin “fabula,” or
“story.”
Tall tales:
Story:
“It was dark then, Many men, armed with rifles, were all
around our village, shooting at everyone they saw.
“It was dark then, Many men, armed with rifles, were all
around our village, shooting at everyone they saw —
men and women and children — and they were New
People’s Army rebels, about 300 of them,”
“It was about 3:40 in the morning of Oct. 26, and the
rebels entered the village, ransacking houses and
attacking police and military posts.
Supernatural as they were, King Camig and Queen Ding were able
to bring their land and find a peaceful place were they can
transferred their land. In their hurry, a small portion of the land was
left behind. An unattended teapot boiling with water tilted empting
its content and the golden ladle was thrown out.
When the royal couple was already in the Butuan Bay going to
Misamis, King Camig remembered the golden ladle, so he
commanded a small piece of land to fetch it; reminding it to hurry
and comeback before the sun rises because something might
happen. Unfortunately, it was caught by the sun rise and thru to its
form; the land froze in its place and cannot move distance anymore.
This land as they saw is now called Tubay-tubay because it only
reached the Municipality of Tubay. Tubay-tubay is now a fixture of
Tubay.
Right after the couple left, there was a heavy rainfall which made
the vacated land filled with rainwaters. Apparently, it became a lake.
On the other hand, the water from the boiling teapot made the lake
hot sometimes, thus, the lake called Lake Mainit. The word “Mainit”
is a Filipino term for hot.
DIFFERENT RITUALS
"Taphag"
is a ritual for good harvest and as thanksgiving. It is the ritual that the
Manobo do before they harvest rice or corn. According to them, a few
days before the actual harvest, they get a sample of the rice/corn and
cook it for the gods as a way of thanking them for the blessings
received. They offer it on top of a structure resembling an altar with
alcoholic drinks, candles, and "mama-on." They call this ritual
"taphag." This is a very common practice of the Manobo in all places
in Agusan Marsh.
There are also rituals conducted for pest control. Traditionally, the
Manobo people have various ways of controlling "dangan" (pests and
insect) in their farms. However, they agree that the first pest control
method in Agusan Marsh is to perform a ritual called "kudyab/kujab"
In kujab, a black chicken is offered to the diwata who owns the
"dangan" A prayer is uttered, asking the diwata to protect the crops
from any pests or insects harm and make a promise that they will
perform taphag if good harvest is permitted. Aside from kujab, a
simple ritual is performed by a farmer by harvesting some pieces of
crops (e.g. 7 pieces corn) and offering them to the diwata, letting them
to be the first to taste the produce, and in return, the diwata will tell the
dangan not to harm the crop.
Although the Manobo in the pilot sites acknowledge the importance of
the ritual, they are also very much aware that rituals are no longer
ordinarily performed nowadays. These days, rituals are only
performed during special occasions and when it is very necessary
such as healing the sick or for peace offering. Nonetheless, there are
still a number of Manobo who still believe in and practice some rituals
like "taphag" and "pangandila" (lighting a candle). "Pan- gandila" is
more of asking permission from the Magbabaja through the guardians
of nature.
Pamaebag
This is done in praying to Magbabaja to protect the communities
against the future disasters and other unlucky chances. The
Pamaebag use chicken called 'pangujab: by ascending the chicken
during the ritual which is performed only by a duly recognized Baylan
in the community. The materials are: Mam-on (Betel nut), Mallorca,
sugarcane juice, buyo (Betel leaf), tender coconut, pusaw of mam-on,
white chicken, blonde pig, apog (line), Palina, candles, eggs, rice,
saucer, and plate.
Tampuda
Is an event or ritual where the two conflicting parties gathered. The
purpose of Tampuda is to mend broken relationships (penaesay) or to
appease conflicting parties. To release the anger between the two
parties, the Uyagaan (a pig) will be used during the Tampuda where
all the anger and pain done to both conflicting parties will be
redirected to the said animal.
Bad spirits are those that bring bad things to the people, and also do
things that hurt others. Taegbusow is a spirit of bravery. He guides the
magahat during the pangayaw and is believed to drink blood from
people. Mandalingan is a spirit of the balite tree and believed to be a
mantianak (devil baby), Daguw is a spirit who easily gets angry when
rice or grasses are hurt or mistreated.
The diwata mentioned are respected and treated with caution. The
claimants developed ways to call and connect with them such as the
panawag- tawag.
Panawagtawag is the spiritual ceremony done by the claimants,
sometimes called as ritual. As mentioned, this is done when farming,
as well as in other activities. This ceremony involves offering to get
the good side of the spirits as well as treating them as one of the
people. Offerings include kalisew (wild betel nut) or mam-on (planted
betel nut), apog (lime), buyo (leaves of the Betel Plant). ayag (fruit of
rattan), bagae (vine of the Betel Plant), Manika (a shrub), babayoy
(domesticated pig) and manok (chicken). These offerings serve as
dalit or gift to the spirits. Panawagtawagan serves as prayer in
connecting with the spirits and are done by everyone who knows how
to initiate. These are done on quite places such as on the farms, on
big trees, forests, mountains and rivers.
As panawagtawag is a big part in the lives of the claimants since it is
basically done when asking for blessing in farming, hunting among
others, most of the claimants have apogan or ritual area. An apogan
has uyagdokanan or altar where offering are put, such as the big trees
or a makeshift altar. Since the claim- ants are farmers, the apogan are
usually seen at the center of the farm, wherein rituals for hunting are
also done.
As to panawagtawag, there are also baylan that serevs as the
channel of the claimants to the tawagon. Baylan is basically the
medicine man or woman of the community, both physically and
spiritually. Although even a non-baylan can do panawagtawag, there
are tasks that only a baylan can do such as in dealing with sickness
and in conflict settlement. Aside from being experts in medicinal
plants, they are also very important in dealing with the spirit world.
With this task at hand, every baylan has an abyan (a spirit friend) that
helps in connecting with other spirits. The baylan is the channel of the
people to the spirit world and the abyan serves as the medium. The
abyan serves as the bantoy or protector of the baylan. Having an
abyan is very important since one cannot be a baylan without an
abyan.
Abyan are believed to be made together with the making of the world.
They are the ones who choose whom to befriend, and they stay with
that per- son and his/her family for centuries. With this, being a baylan
is inherited and passed on within a family from generation to
generation. It is a practice of pan- gulian or a continuous family
relation with the spirit, and one cannot resist if being chosen. The
current baylan chooses whom to pass his/her ability with the help of
his abyan, thus when a child shows the ability to heal and deal with
the spirits, he/she will be trained even at a young age and will serve
as an assistant to the abyan.
PANGUYAGDOK OG BINANGKO
A ritual performed for asking permission to Magbabaja or other
"taghulaon" if using the land, water, and other parts of the ancestral
lands; it is also conducted if gathering plants such as wood, rattan,
medicinal plants, and wild animals and among others. It was called
Panguyagdok by its altar used was uyagdok, but if the altar is chair,
the ritual is called Binangko. This is done if there are activities
celebrated within the forest and to other part of the ancestral lands as
mentioned ahead. In conducting this, oftentimes, the Baylan lead the
ritual but if in case without the presence of Baylan the member
conducting the activities will do. If the member knows, he will call
other member who can perform them, During the ritual, the materiais
to be used by the one who conducts thereof are the following; altar
(uyagdok or bangko), apog (lime), mam-on (Betel But), can dles,
Mallorca and coconut pulp or young coconut palm.
Santilmo “Fireball”
Uno man jadto na may suga sa tumoy nan kan bagis nay a may
lain na nanuyo kami ra man ni tatay Nonoy, matay taud-taud
musutoy dajon an suga, mubukad pa kaw amo ra nan pajong
kadako, nandyagan kami kay santilmo man baja jadto.
White Lady
The Balete
Mystery
Tree
symbolizes tragedy
Fire
Fireball Mystery
symbolizes courageousness
Being
The Sigbin in Sigbin
Responsible
the River of
Carac-an symbolizes fierceness, scary and dan
f. Modern Cultural
Modern cultural references to myths and folktales in Agusan
References of Myths
and Folktales del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, and Surigao
Discussed by Andrea del Sur can be seen in various aspects of contemporary
Munsad culture, including literature, visual arts, music, festivals, and
tourism. Here are some examples of modern cultural
references to myths and folktales in the region:
Long time ago in the days of our forefathers, there lived in the
virginal forest of the Diwata Mountains, a group of enchanted
people or the “diwatas” and their beautiful pet birds, the
hornbills or the “kalaws”. They lived harmoniously together, but
as their number increased, troubles began. The hornbills,
known as the clocks of the mountain, become so noisy with
their incessant calls. Bickering started between the “diwatas”
and the pet birds, the “kalaws”. The “diwatas” got fed up and
they decided to part ways.
One night, when the moon was full, the “diwatas” met and
wished their mountain homes away from the old place. The
eldest of them took his wooden staff and tapped the ground
three times. Immediately, the ground where the y gathered
rose ad flew westward to open sea. The vacated spot was
deep and soon it was filled with water coming from the veins of
the mountains. The body of water of water became a lake and
it is now the Mainit Lake. The piece of the land flew westward
was caught by daybreak and it dropped into the open sea.
Some say it became the Camiguin Island.
by Ivy E. Inso-Naparan
Story:
The province was under the military rule until 1913. When the
Department of Mindanao and Sulu was created under the
Secretary of Interior, Agusan became one of the seven provinces
comprising the department with Frank W. Carpenter as the first
civil governor. In 1914, the first Filipino governor of Agusan was
appointed in the person of Teofisto Guingona. The first elected
governor of Agusan was Apolonio D. Curato in 1923, holding this
position for three terms. Jose Rosales followed him and stayed
as governor for two terms. In 1936, Mariano C. Atega was
elected governor and was succeeded by Agustin O. Casiñas.
Erlpe John M. Amante got the post in the 2004 elections and now
steers the province to its desired development.
Riddles
Answer: mata/eyes
Sayings
Songs
Kahimunan Festival
There is one thing you will witness at any place and any month
you visit in the Philippines: festivals. Filipinos are merry people
who love to celebrate every little milestone. The most
prominent festivals you see in the country celebrate culture,
tradition, and, most of the time, religion.
If you are an adventurer at heart and looking for new ways to
express your faith, this is the place to be. Suppose you are a
tourist in the Philippines looking for a house and lot. In that
case, the Kahimoan Abayan Festival in Butuan City, Agusan
Del Norte, must be on your Butuan bucket list.
Discover Kahimoan Abayan Festival In Butuan City
Kahimoan Abayan Festival is an annual riverside celebration in
Butuan City. It is to honor the Patroness of the Agusan River,
St. Anne. Abayan came from the word “abay” which means
“guide,”. It is held to ask guidance from the patron against
crocodiles that once infested the Agusan River.
When Is It Celebrated?
Kahimoan Abayan Festival is celebrated every last Sunday of
July. Before the COVID-19 pandemic hit in the previous
quarter of 2019, Kahimoan Abayan Festival was held on July
28. It marked the start of the week long celebration of “Adlaw
Hong Butuan”, an important celebration for Butuanons. “Adlaw
Hong Butuan” is a separate celebration held every August 2 to
showcase the lifestyle and traditions of the city.
Hontiveros pointed out the “1976” marking with the name of St.
Anne at an old Spanish bell in San Vicente village. He said it
suggests St. Anne was already a part of the Butuan tradition
before 1976 as a secondary patron saint to Saint Joseph.
Application Following the discussion, the PSTs will provide the students
with a formative assessment consisting of three types of tests.
The first test will be a multiple-choice test with 30 items, while
the second test will include 10 true or false questions. The
third test will contain 10 points for a 50 words essay, making
the total number of items in the quiz 50.
References
Administrator, W. (2008, February 8). Legend of Lake Mainit.
from https://lmda.wordpress.com/2008/02/08/legend-of-
lake-mainit/
https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/download/15752/10
120/19352
state-university/technology-and-livelihood-
education/traditions-beliefs-culture/46936137