PHRASE

Aphr
asecanbedef
ineasagr
oupofwor
dswi
thoutf
ini
tev
erb.

Anygr
oupofwor
dswhi
chdonoti
ndi
cat
eact
ioni
saphr
ase,

E.
g

i
)Ver
yobedi
entst
udent
.

i
i
)av
eryhar
d-wor
kingwoman.

Innut
shel
lphr
aseisbasedonhav i
ngagr
ammati
calr
elat
ion,
butl
acki
ngt
hesubj
ect
-pr
edi
cat
e
str
uct
ureandalsodoesnotexpr
essacompl
etet
hought.

CLAUSE
Clausecanbedefi
neasanygr oupofwor
dst
hatcont
ainsasubj
ectandapr
edi
cat
e.i
tmay
expressCompl
etethoughtanditmaynot
.

(
E.G)
..combi
nat
ionofar
ti
cle,
adj
ect
ivenoun

The,
beaut
if
ulgi
rl
.(
art
icl
eTHE,
adj
ect
iveBEAUTI
FUL,
nounGI
RL.

Cl
ause,
,
subj
ectmeanst
hef
ir
stofanact
ion,
act
ionmustbet
akenpl
acei
nthought
,,

Ifitexpr
essacompl
etet
houghti
tcal
l
edmai
ncl
ause.
.i
fitdoesnoti
tiscal
l
edsur
bor
dinat
e
clause..

Mai
ncl
ause.
Sur
bor
dinat
eordependentcl
ause.

Amai nclausei
sacl
ausethatcanst
andoni
tsownandexpr
essacompl
etecl
ausewi
thout
Dependingonanyot
hercl
ause,

Asur
bordi
natecl
ausecannotconveyameaningf
ulthought,
soi
tcannotst
andoni
ts
own.
sur
bodinat
eclausecanbefoundindi
ff
erentposit
ionsi
nasentence.

1)i
nit
ial
posi
ti
onandf
inal
posi
ti
on.
Exp.Exampl
eofmai
ncl
ause.Themancamewhenher
ecei
vedt
hemessage.

SURBORDI
NATE.
.

Whenher
ecei
vedt
hemessage.
.(becausei
tdoesnotex
pressacompl
etet
hought
.)

Di
ff
erentt
ypesofcl
ause.

1)nouncl
ause.

Anouncl
ausei
sagr
oupofwor
dheadedbyanoun,
E.gThegov
ernorofOy
oSt
atei
sSey
i
maki
nde(
noun)
.

2)adject
ival
clausefunct
ionsasanadj
ect
ivebyqual
i
fyi
ngormodi
fyi
nganoun.
Iti
sof
ten
i
ntroducebywho, whom,whoseandwhi
ch

E.
gTheboyWHOwont
heschol
arshi
p.

I
)thel
adywhosebagwasst
oleny
est
erdayi
sher
etoday

AOC(
anal
ysi
sandi
dent
if
y)

I
i)Thi
sist
hecarWHI
CHi
bought
.

Adv
erbi
alcl
ausemodi
fi
edt
hev
erb,
adj
ect
iveoranot
heradv
erbi
nasent
ence.

1)adv
erbi
alcl
auseoft
ime.

I
tanswer
sthequest
ionwhenandi
tisi
ntr
oducebyWhi
l
e,when,
aft
er,
bef
ore,
unt
il
.

Exampl
e,
whenIsawherl
astweeƙ.
..
.

I
)Hebui
l
tahouseBEFOREheboughtacar
.

ADVERBI
ALCLAUSEOFPLACE.

t
hisanswer
sthequest
ionwher
eandi
tisi
ntr
oduceby
,wher
eandwher
everexampl
e,
Iwi
l
lgo
wherev
erhesendme,

i
i
)shekeptt
hekeyWHEREI
TCOULDBEEASI
LYSEEN.

ADVERBI
ALCLAUSEOFREASON.

i
tisi
ntr
oducebybecause,
that
,inasmuchas.

I
tal
soanswer
sthequest
ionwhy
.

E.
GIcamel
atet
othecl
assBECAUSEI
TWASRAI
NING.
i
)SI
NCESHECOULDNOTMEETUPWI
THTHETI
MEshedi
dnotgoagai
n.

CLAUSEOFPURPOSE.

i
tstar
tedwi
thsothat,
that
,i
notherthat
.(
andi
tal
soanswer
sthequest
ionwhy
,butnott
hesame
t
hingasadv
erbi
alclauseofreason.

E.
gThewomanwenthungr
yinot
hert
hatherchi
l
drenmayeat
,

ADVERBI
ALOFCOMPARI
SON.

i
tisi
ntr
oduceby"
as""
Than"

E.
g-Thegi
rlper
for
m mor
ethanany
onesi
magi
nat
ion.

i
)They
oungmanl
ook"
As"
(compar
ison)
..

ADVERBI
ALCLAUSECONDI
TION.

i
ntr
oducebyi
f,"
unl
ess"
.

E.
Gshemustbev
eryser
iousI
FSHESAYTHAT.

I
)Iwi
l
lnott
alkt
oherUNLESSSHEAPOLOGI
ES.

VOI
CE.

Agr
ammat
ical
descr
ipt
ionofsent
ence,
ref
err
ingt
oanact
ion.
itcanbeor
al(
spoken)orwr
it
ten.

Thear
etwot
ypesofv
oice.

i
)Act
ivev
oice.

i
i
)passi
vev
oice.

ACTI
VE

i
tisact
ivev
oicet
hesubj
ectper
for
m act
iondi
rect
lyt
otheobj
ect
.

E.
g

i
)Themanki
l
ledt
hesnake
i
)Thegi
rlat
ethedel
i
ciousmeal

i
i
)Thest
udent
spassedt
heexami
nat
ion.

PASSI
VEVOI
CE.
..

Thesubj
ectdoesnotnecessar
il
yper
for
mtheact
iont
otheobj
ect
,(t
her
eisashi
fti
nthesubj
ect
andtheobj
ecti
npassive.

Passi
ve

E.
GThesnakewaski
l
ledbyt
hemañ

i
iThedel
i
ciousf
oodwaseat
enbyt
hegi
rl
.

i
i
)Theexami
nat
ionswer
epassbyt
hest
udent
s.

ASSI
GNMENT.

1)DI
FFERENTI
ATEBETWEENNARRATI
VEANDDESCRI
PTI
VEPARAGRAPH.

2)BEFOREWECANREFERASENTENCEASAGRAMMATI
CALCORRECTONE,
WHATARETHE
ELEMENTSITMUSTCONTAI
N(expl
ain)