PARKINSON

Parkinson's disease is a type of movement disorder. It occurs when nerve cells

(neurons) do not produce enough of an important chemical in the brain known as
dopamine. Some cases are genetic, but most do not appear to occur within members
of the same family.
Causes
It occurs when nerve cells (neurons) do not produce enough of an important chemical
in the brain known as dopamine.
In Parkinson's disease, some nerve cells in the brain progressively break down or die.
Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce dopamine, a type of
neurotransmitter in the brain.

genes. Researchers have identified specific gene changes that can cause Parkinson's
disease. However, these are rare, except in some cases where many family members
have Parkinson's disease.
However, certain genetic variations appear to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease,
but with a relatively lower risk of Parkinson's disease for each of these genetic markers.
Environmental triggers. Exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may
increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease in the future, but the risk is small.
Researchers have also observed that many changes occur in the brains of people with
Parkinson's disease, although it is not clear why these changes occur.

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease vary from person to person. The first
signs can be mild and go unnoticed.

Signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease may include the following

Tremors. Tremors, or rhythmic shaking, usually start in an extremity, such as the hand
or fingers. You may rub your thumb and forefinger back and forth, known as a "pill-
rolling tremor." Your hand may shake while you are at rest, and the shaking may lessen
when you perform a task.
Slow movements. Over time, Parkinson's disease can slow down your movement,
making simple tasks difficult and time consuming. You may also take shorter steps
when you walk or find it more difficult to get up from a chair. Also, you may drag your
feet when trying to walk.
Muscular stiffness. Muscle stiffness can occur anywhere in the body. Stiff muscles can
cause pain and limit your range of motion.
Impaired posture and balance.

Prevention. Because the cause of Parkinson's disease is unknown, there are no

proven ways to prevent it. Some research has shown that regular aerobic exercise
could reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease.